Serotyping of isolates of Pasteurella multocida from chickens     

LA IRELAND  AR MILNER  IJ SMART 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(4):119-120

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Isolation of a New Porcine Enterovirus in the United States          下载免费PDF全文

J. I. Kresse  M. L. Snyder  P. H. Fynskov    W. C. Stewart 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1977,41(3):355-356

A cytopathogenic virus isolated from an Iowa farm pig with diarrhea was identified as a member of Group 5 of the porcine enteroviruses. Clinical signs observed in other pigs in the herd were diarrhea, debilitation and gauntness. Morbidity and mortality rates were approximately 50% and 3% respectively.

A Group 5 porcine enterovirus had not been previously isolated in North America according to the Western Hemisphere Committee on Animal Virus Characterization.

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Ultrasonographic and histologic evaluation of medial and middle patellar ligaments in exercised horses following injection with ethanolamine oleate and 2% iodine in almond oil     

Van Hoogmoed LM  Agnew DW  Whitcomb M  Hyde DW  MacDonald MH  Snyder JR 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(5):738-743

OBJECTIVE: To describe the ultrasonographic and quantitative histologic effect of injecting 2% iodine in almond oil (IAO) and ethanolamine oleate (EO) in the medial and middle patellar ligaments of horses and to determine whether a difference in response exists between IAO and EO treatment. ANIMALS: 10 healthy horses. PROCEDURE: In 5 horses, the medial and middle patellar ligaments of 1 limb were injected with EO, whereas IAO was injected in the medial and middle patellar ligaments of another 5 horses. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed on the experimental and control limb before injection of IAO and EO and prior to euthanasia to determine cross-sectional area and evaluate fiber pattern. The patellar ligaments were harvested 2 weeks after injection and examined histologically to evaluate the inflammatory response, fibroplasia, and chondroid metaplasia. RESULTS: Injection of the patellar ligaments with IAO resulted in a greater increase in cross-sectional area on ultrasonography than EO. Both agents caused a decrease in echogenicity of the ligament. Histologically, significantly greater infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibroplasia developed after injection with IAO, compared with EO. Both agents resulted in significantly greater fibroplasia relative to control specimens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Injection of the medial and middle patellar ligaments with IAO induces more severe inflammation and fibroplasia than EO. Maturation of the inflammatory and fibrous response may contribute to resolution or attenuation of upward fixation of the patella by subsequent stiffening of the ligaments.  相似文献   

Effect of general anesthesia and minor surgical trauma on urine and serum measurements in horses     

Watson ZE  Steffey EP  VanHoogmoed LM  Snyder JR 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(7):1061-1065

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the effect of general anesthesia and minor surgery on renal function in horses. ANIMALS: 9 mares with a mean (+/- SE) age and body weight of 9+/-2 years and 492+/-17 kg, respectively. PROCEDURE: The day before anesthesia, urine was collected (catheterization) for 3 hours to quantitate baseline values, and serum biochemical analysis was performed. The following day, xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, IV) was administered, and general anesthesia was induced 5 minutes later with diazepam (0.04 mg/kg, IV) and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg, IV). During 2 hours of anesthesia with isoflurane, Paco2 was maintained between 48 and 52 mm Hg, and mean arterial blood pressure was between 70 and 80 mm Hg. Blood and urine were collected at 30, 60, and 120 minutes during and at 1 hour after anesthesia. RESULTS: Baseline urine flow was 0.92+/-0.17 ml/kg/h and significantly increased at 30 and 60 minutes after xylazine administration (2.14+/-0.59 and 2.86+/-0.97 ml/kg/h respectively) but returned to baseline values by the end of anesthesia. Serum glucose concentration increased from 12+/-4 to 167+/-8 mg/dl at 30 minutes. Glucosuria was not observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Transient hyperglycemia and an increase in rine production accompanies a commonly used anesthetic technique for horses. The increase in urine flow is not trivial and should be considered in anesthetic management decisions. With the exception of serum glucose concentration and urine production, the effect of general anesthesia on indices of renal function in clinically normal horses is likely of little consequence in most horses admitted for elective surgical procedures.  相似文献   

Spontaneous femoral capital physeal fractures in adult cats: 26 cases (1996-2001)     

McNicholas WT  Wilkens BE  Blevins WE  Snyder PW  McCabe GP  Applewhite AA  Laverty PH  Breur GJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(12):1731-1736

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical, radiographic, and histologic abnormalities in adult cats > 1 year old with spontaneous (ie, nontraumatic) femoral capital physeal fractures. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 26 cats. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cats > 1 year old with femoral capital physeal fractures and no history of trauma were examined. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD age of the cats was 22.5 +/- 6.5 months. Twenty-five cats were neutered males. Mean weight of the cats was significantly greater than mean weight of a group of age- and sex-matched control cats. Of 16 cats for which age at the time of neutering was known, 14 had been neutered before 6 months of age. Nine cats had bilateral fractures. Severity of femoral neck osteolysis and sclerosis increased with increased duration of clinical signs. The contralateral femoral capital physis, distal femoral physes, and proximal tibial physes were radiographically open in 13 of 18,19 of 24, and 24 of 24 cats, respectively. Histologically, the epiphysis contained normal articular cartilage and bone, but attached growth plate cartilage lacked the normal columnar arrangement of chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that adult cats with spontaneous femoral capital physeal fractures were most likely to be heavier, neutered males with delayed physeal closure.  相似文献   

Cloning,expression, purification,and biological activity of five feline type I interferons   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wonderling R  Powell T  Baldwin S  Morales T  Snyder S  Keiser K  Hunter S  Best E  McDermott MJ  Milhausen M 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,89(1-2):13-27

Type I interferons (IFN) are important mediators of the host defense against viral infections in mammals. In humans multiple subtypes of IFN-alpha exist, most of which possess antiviral activity. Little is known about the type I IFN genes in cats and the role they may play in feline immunological responses to viruses. We have isolated cDNAs encoding five feline IFN-alpha (feIFN) subtypes that share from 95 to 99% amino acid sequence identity. FeIFN-alpha5 has five additional amino acids inserted at position 139, which are not present in the other four subtypes. Sequence identity of the feIFN proteins encoded by the five clones compared to human IFN-alpha2 is approximately 60%. Unlike most of the human subtypes, each of the five feline IFN sequences has an N-glycosylation recognition site. Expression of all five feIFN-alpha subtypes in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was confirmed by Western blot analysis, and all resulting proteins were glycosylated. The antiviral activity of each feIFN-alpha subtype produced in transiently transfected CHO cell cultures was tested in vitro. In addition, subtype feIFN-alpha6 was expressed in the yeast, Pichia pastoris. The resulting secreted mature recombinant protein was purified and demonstrated significant antiviral activity and induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in vitro.  相似文献   

Use of infrared thermography to detect injections and palmar digital neurectomy in horses     

Van hoogmoed LM  Snyder JR 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2002,164(2):129-141

Thermography is a non-contact, non-invasive technique that detects surface heat emitted as infrared radiation. Because skin temperature reflects the status of underlying tissue metabolism and blood circulation, abnormal thermal patterns can signify areas of superficial inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine if thermography could detect the injection of analgesic and neurolytic agents and surgical palmar digital neurectomy. Procedures evaluated include injection of the lumbar region, suspensory ligaments, tibial nerve, palmar digital nerves, and palmar digital neurectomy. Thermographic images were obtained before and after the procedures until a significant difference was no longer detected. Local injection of the lumbar region and the suspensory ligament produced detectable thermal patterns for two days, and tibial nerve infiltration with a neurolytic agent was significant for two days. Analgesia of the palmar nerves was significant for 24h with bupivicaine, compared to five days for ammonium chloride. Palmar digital neurectomy produced more variable thermal patterns. While sensitive enough to detect changes in heat patterns from control regions, thermography is not specific enough to discriminate between procedures and injury inducing an inflammatory response.  相似文献   

Evaluation of nitric oxide as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the equine ventral colon     

Van Hoogmoed LM  Rakestraw PC  Snyder JR  Harmon FA 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(1):64-68

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of nitric oxide and an apamin-sensitive nonadrenergic noncholingeric inhibitory transmitter on contractility of the ventral colon of horses. SAMPLE POPULATION: Strips of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers and taenia of the ventral colon from 14 horses. PROCEDURE: Muscle strips were suspended in tissue baths and attached to force transducers. Contractile activity of circular, longitudinal, and taenia muscle strips in response to electrical field stimulation was measured after addition of apamin and a nitric oxide inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). RESULTS: Electrical field stimulation reduced contractile activity in the circular muscle layer and taenia but not the longitudinal muscle layer. Addition of L-NAME significantly reduced inhibitory contractile activity at all frequencies for the circular muscle layer, whereas a significant effect was evident for the taenia only at the highest frequency. The combination of L-NAME and apamin resulted in a significant reduction in inhibition of the taenia at all frequencies but for circular muscle only at lower frequencies. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nitric oxide and an apamin-sensitive neurotransmitter appear to mediate a component of inhibitory transmission in the circular muscle and taenia, but not the longitudinal muscle layer, of the equine ventral colon. Nitric oxide has a role in regulating contractile activity of the equine ventral colon, and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors may be useful in horses with ileus of the large colon.  相似文献   

In vitro effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and cisapride on the circular smooth muscle of the jejunum of horses     

Nieto JE  Snyder JR  Kollias-Baker C  Stanley S 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(12):1561-1565

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of cisapride and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the jejunum of horses. SAMPLE POPULATION: Jejunal muscle strips from 8 horses. PROCEDURE: Muscle strips were suspended in isolated muscle baths. Isometric stress responses to 5-HT and cisapride, with and without specific antagonists, were determined. RESULTS: Muscle strips incubated with atropine and tetrodotoxin responded to 5-HT and cisapride with an increase in contractile force. The 5-HT caused a concentration-dependent increase in contractile amplitude, with a maximum response (Emax) of 1,151+/-214 g/cm2 and a molar concentration that induces contractile force equal to 50% of maximum response (EC50) of 0.028+/-0.002 microM. Prior incubation with the 5-HT2 antagonist ketanserin decreased the Emax (626 +/-147 g/cm2) and potency (EC50, 0.307+/-0.105 microM) of 5-HT Prior incubation with the 5-HT3 antagonist tropisetron decreased the efficacy (Emax, 894+/-184 g/cm2) to 5-HT Cisapride also caused a concentration-dependent increase in contractile amplitude, with an Emax of 331+/-82 g/cm2 and an EC50 of 0.302+/-0.122 microM. Prior incubation with ketanserin decreased the Emax (55+/-17 g/cm2) and potency (EC50, 0.520+/-0.274 microM) of cisapride. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Stimulatory effects of 5-HT and cisapride on circular smooth muscle of equine jejunum are mediated primarily through a noncholinergic effect. The effects of 5-HT are mediated, at least partially, by 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors, whereas the effects of cisapride are mediated primarily by 5-HT2 receptors. This may impact treatment of horses with postoperative ileus.  相似文献   

Pancreatic necrosis in New World camelids: 11 cases (1990-1998)     

Pearson EG  Snyder SP 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2000,217(2):241-244

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical, clinicopathologic, and postmortem abnormalities in New World camelids with pancreatic necrosis. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 10 llamas and 1 alpaca. PROCEDURES: Medical records of animals in which a diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis had been made on the basis of histologic examination of necropsy specimens or on the basis of clinical signs and results of clinicopathologic testing were reviewed. RESULTS: The initial owner complaint varied, and various other conditions were diagnosed. Clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities were vague. Amylase activity was higher in abdominal fluid than in serum in 5 of 7 animals, and lipase activity was higher in abdominal fluid than in serum in all 7. Four animals survived, and 7 died or were euthanatized. Only 1 of the animals that died had marked inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma. All 7 had necrosis and saponification of fat in and surrounding the pancreas. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that pancreatic necrosis may develop in New World camelids, but clinical signs are vague, and the condition may easily be confused with other diseases. The only laboratory test that appeared to be helpful in the antemortem diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis was comparison of amylase and lipase activities in abdominal fluid and serum.  相似文献