Application and Commercialization of Flow Cytometrically Sex-Sorted Semen   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D Rath  LA Johnson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(S2):338-346

The current technology to sort X and Y chromosome bearing sperm population requires individual identification and selection of spermatozoa in a modified high-speed flow cytometer. For farm animal species, the technology is capable of producing sexed sperm at greater than 90% purity. However, only in the bovine, the technology has reached a developmental level that allows its commercial application. Meanwhile, the demand for female calves has grown rapidly, which encourages the demand for sex-sorted semen from high genetic value bulls. The success of the technology will depend mainly on the fertilizing capacity of the sorted spermatozoa, as this is the most affecting and economically relevant factor. To date, fertility is still variable and is quite dependant on post-sort processing. New processing techniques are under investigation and will likely be able to improve the fertility rates after AI with sex-sorted semen. It is of great importance to select the right bulls and to test the sorted samples on a routine basis. In addition to the demand for sex-sorted semen by the cattle industry, there is also a significant demand expressed by pig farmers. However, it is still unknown if the use of sex-sorted semen through commercial pig AI will be economically feasible. For the pig, the combination of in vitro fertilization with sexed semen and non-surgical embryo transfer is an alternative that merits further scientific attention. Recent developments in ovine AI and ET will make it very likely that commercial sheep industry will adopt the sexing technology in their breeding concepts.  相似文献   

Injection of the insertion of the deep digital flexor tendon in horses using radiographic guidance     

J. D. C. Anderson  S. M. Puchalski  R. F. Larson  M. L. Delco  J. R. Snyder 《Equine Veterinary Education》2008,20(7):383-388

Insertional tendinopathies of the DDFT have been reported both as the sole lesion and as part of a multifocal lesion (Dyson et al. 2003). Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging allow specific diagnosis of deep digital flexor tendon lesions within the hoof capsule; however, direct intralesional treatment of such lesions is difficult because of the hoof's rigid structure. A technique designed to mimic intralesional injection of insertional tendinopathies of the DDFT in the standing horse using radiographic guidance was assessed. Radiographic and contrast CT imaging and sectioning of the limbs confirmed accurate injection in all cases although inadvertant administration of injectate into adjacent structures was also evident.  相似文献   

Effect of a mindfulness exercise on stress in veterinary students performing surgery     

Brenda S. Stevens  Kenneth D. Royal  Kelli Ferris  Abigail Taylor  Amy M. Snyder 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(3):360-366

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Immunoglobulin G4‐related disease in a dog     

Lydia J. Colopy  Kai‐Biu Shiu  Laura A. Snyder  Anne C. Avery  Emily D. Rout  A R. Moore 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(6):2732-2738

Immunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD), which affects many organ systems, has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity in human medicine for just over a decade but has not been previously identified in dogs. In humans, IgG4‐RD is characterized by diffuse IgG4‐positive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates that commonly lead to increased serum concentrations of IgG4 and IgE, peripheral eosinophilia, tumorous swellings that often include the parotid salivary glands, obliterative phlebitis, and extensive fibrosis. Herein we describe the diagnosis, clinical progression, and successful treatment of IgG4‐RD in an 8‐year‐old female spayed Husky mixed breed dog. Immunoglobulin G4‐related disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with vague clinical signs, lymphoplasmacytic swellings, restricted polyclonal gammopathy, eosinophilia or some combination of these findings.  相似文献   

Rainfall Interception by Singleleaf Piñon and Utah Juniper: Implications for Stand-Level Effective Precipitation     

Tamzen K. Stringham  Keirith A. Snyder  Devon K. Snyder  Samuel S. Lossing  Craig A. Carr  Bennett J. Stringham 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2018,71(3):327-335

The expansion of piñon and juniper trees into sagebrush steppe and the infilling of historic woodlands has caused a reduction in the cover and density of the understory vegetation. Water is the limiting factor in these systems; therefore, quantifying redistribution of water resources by tree species is critical to understanding the dynamics of these formerly sagebrush-dominated rangelands. Tree canopy interception may have a significant role in reducing the amount of rainfall that reaches the ground beneath the tree, thereby reducing the amount of available soil moisture. We measured canopy interception of rainfall by singleleaf piñon (Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém.) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma [Torr.] Little) across a gradient of storm sizes. Simulated rainfall was used to quantify interception and effective precipitation during 130 rainfall events ranging in size from 2.2 to 25.9 mm hr^? 1 on 19 trees of each species. Effective precipitation was defined as the sum of throughfall and stemflow beneath tree canopies. Canopy interception averaged 44.6% (± 27.0%) with no significant difference between the two species. Tree allometrics including height, diameter at breast height, stump diameter, canopy area, live crown height, and width were measured and used as predictor variables. The best fit predictive model of effective precipitation under canopy was described by stump diameter and gross precipitation (R² = 0.744, P < 0.0001). An alternative management model based on canopy area and gross precipitation predicted effective precipitation with similar accuracy (R² = 0.741, P < 0.0001). Canopy area can be derived from various remote sensing techniques, allowing these results to be extrapolated to larger spatial scales to quantify the effect of increasing tree canopy cover on rainfall interception loss and potential implications for the water budget.  相似文献   

Climate and vegetation history of the midcontinent from 75 to 25 ka: A speleothem record from crevice cave, missouri, USA   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

JA Dorale  RL Edwards  E Ito  LA Gonzalez 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5395):1871-1874

Four Missouri stalagmites yield consistent overlapping records of oxygen and carbon isotopic changes and provide a climate and vegetation history with submillennial resolution from 75 to 25 thousand years ago (ka). The thorium-230-dated records reveal that between 75 and 55 ka, the midcontinental climate oscillated on millennial time scales between cold and warm, and vegetation alternated among forest, savanna, and prairie. Temperatures were highest and prairie vegetation peaked between 59 and 55 ka. Climate cooled and forest replaced grassland at 55 ka, when global ice sheets began to build during the early part of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3.  相似文献   

An evaluation of common evapotranspiration equations   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

F. Ventura  D. Spano  P. Duce  R. L. Snyder 《Irrigation Science》1999,18(4):163-170

A comparison is made between the Pruitt and Doorenbos version of an hourly Penman-type equation, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) hourly Penman-Monteith equation, and an independent measure of reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) from lysimeter data. Reducing the canopy resistance improved the hourly FAO Penman-Monteith estimates. Daytime soil heat flux density is estimated as 10% of net radiation in the FAO hourly Penman-Monteith equation; however, the measured soil heat flux density under grass that was never shorter than 0.10 m in this study was between 3% and 5% of net radiation. The daytime totals of hourly ET₀ from the hourly Penman-Monteith and Pruitt-Doorenbos equations and ET₀ from the 24-h FAO Penman-Monteith equation were computed using data from five Italian and five Californian stations. A comparison showed that all of the equations gave acceptable results. The Pruitt-Doorenbos equation may slightly over-estimate ET₀ in conditions of summertime cold air advection. Received: 18 November 1998  相似文献   

Hunting behavior of a marine mammal beneath the antarctic fast Ice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

RW Davis  LA Fuiman  TM Williams  SO Collier  WP Hagey  SB Kanatous  S Kohin  M Horning 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5404):993-996

The hunting behavior of a marine mammal was studied beneath the Antarctic fast ice with an animal-borne video system and data recorder. Weddell seals stalked large Antarctic cod and the smaller subice fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki, often with the under-ice surface for backlighting, which implies that vision is important for hunting. They approached to within centimeters of cod without startling the fish. Seals flushed P. borchgrevinki by blowing air into subice crevices or pursued them into the platelet ice. These observations highlight the broad range of insights that are possible with simultaneous recordings of video, audio, three-dimensional dive paths, and locomotor effort.  相似文献   

TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE SNAKE HEART (PYTHON MOLURUS BIVITTATUS)     

Patti S.  Snyder  DVM  MS  Neil G.  Shaw  DVM  Darryl J.  Heard  BSc BVMS  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1999,40(1):66-72

Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed on Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) to determine an optimal echocardiographic imaging technique for snakes and to describe the echocardiographic anatomy of the snake heart. Five snakes immobilized with tiletamine/zolazepam and maintained on isoflurane in oxygen were imaged in dorsal recumbency. The portion of the snake's body containing the heart was submerged in warm water to reduce the artifact created by air trapped between and under the scales. Imaging in sagittal planes demonstrated the caudal vena cava, sinus venous valve, right atrium, various portions of the ventricle, horizontal septum, the left aortic arch, and pulmonary artery. Transverse imaging depicted the spatial relationship of the left and right aortic arches and pulmonary artery and the horizontal septum. Basic knowledge of cardiac blood flow in the reptile was necessary to understand the echocardiographic anatomy.  相似文献   

Comparison of autogenous cancellous bone grafts obtained from the sternum and proximal portion of the tibia of llamas.     

A J Kaneps  M J Huber  S P Snyder 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,215(3):362-365

OBJECTIVE: To describe the anatomy of the sternum in llamas, define the surgical approach to the sternum for collection of cancellous bone graft tissue, and compare the histologic appearance of graft tissue obtained from the sternum with that obtained from the proximal portion of the tibia. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 12 llamas, 3 to 19 years old, that had been submitted for necropsy. PROCEDURE: Radiographs were taken of the sternum and left tibia of the llamas. Measurements of the sternum were determined from the radiographs and adjusted for magnification. Sternebrae volumes were estimated from these measurements. Anatomic dissections to the center of the fourth sternebra and the proximal portion of the tibia were made, and a surgical approach to the sternum was developed. Cancellous graft tissue was obtained from each site and submitted for histologic evaluation. RESULTS: Sternebrae 3, 4, and 5 were significantly larger in volume than the other sternebrae. The ventral aspect of the fourth sternebra was readily accessed for removal of graft tissue by making a 6-cm-long ventral midline incision centered 17 cm craniad to the xipnoid. Mean soft tissue thickness overlying the ventral aspect of the fourth sternebra was 3.1 cm. More tissue was obtained from the sternal (mean, 9.11 g) than from the tibial (mean, 5.16 g) sites. Sternal graft tissue consisted of trabecular bone spicules with predominantly hematopoietic marrow, whereas tibial tissue consisted of trabecular bone spicules with only fatty marrow. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The fourth sternebra in llamas is readily accessible for obtaining autogenous cancellous bone graft tissue that consists of predominantly hematopoietic marrow.  相似文献