Genetic characterization of chicken anemia viruses newly isolated from diseased chicks in Japan in 2020     

Hieu Van DONG  Giang Thi Huong TRAN  Aoi KUROKAWA  Yu YAMAMOTO  Yohei TAKEDA  Haruko OGAWA  Kunitoshi IMAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(1):166

In this study, a total of nine chicken samples obtained from two broiler flocks in Oita and Tottori prefectures in 2020 were examined for Chicken anemia virus (CAV) infection. The samples were collected from clinically suspected flocks and diseased chickens. The CAV genome was detected in all nine samples tested by real-time PCR. Phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons of the full-length VP1 gene sequences indicated that all the Japanese CAV strains obtained in this study formed a similar cluster of genotype III and shared high nucleotide (99.62–100%) identity. The current Japanese CAV strains were closely related to Chinese CAV strains but not related to vaccine strains. One positive selection site of VP1 was detected among the Japanese CAV strains.  相似文献   

Rumen ciliate protozoal fauna of reindeer in Inner Mongolia, China     

Imai S  Oku Y  Morita T  Ike K  Guirong 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(2):209-212

Rumen ciliate species and composition were surveyed on the reindeer kept in Inner Mongolia, China. As a result of survey, all the reindeer had the same 18 species of 8 genera of the ciliates in their rumen. Appearance of Entodinium parvum is the first record in this host species. Of the species detected, 15 species including Entodinium anteronucleatum, E. bicornutum, Enoploplastron confluens and Epidinium gigas which have been detected only from reindeer were common with those in the reindeer kept in the other areas, such as Alaska, Russia and Finland, indicating that every rumen ciliate faunae in reindeer has high similarity to each other, and suggesting that these hosts have been isolated from the other ruminants for long time and established characteristic ciliate fauna. The ciliate density was estimated as 1.1-2.5 x 10 (6)/ml, which value was fairly higher than those in domestic ruminants. Surface structures of characteristic species were observed by SEM.  相似文献   

Differentially methylated CpG sites related to fertility in Japanese Black bull spermatozoa: epigenetic biomarker candidates to predict sire conception rate     

Kumiko TAKEDA  Eiji KOBAYASHI  Kazuko OGATA  Akira IMAI  Shinya SATO  Hiromichi ADACHI  Yoichiro HOSHINO  Kagetomo NISHINO  Masahiro INOUE  Masahiro KANEDA  Shinya WATANABE 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(2):99

For semen suppliers, predicting the low fertility of service bull candidates before artificial insemination would help prevent economic loss; however, predicting bull fertility through in vitro assessment of semen is yet to be established. In the present study, we focused on the methylated CpG sites of sperm nuclear DNA and examined methylation levels to screen new biomarkers for predicting bull fertility. In frozen-thawed semen samples collected from Japanese Black bulls, for which the sire conception rate (SCR) was recorded, the methylation level of each CpG site was analyzed using human methylation microarray. According to regression analysis, 143 CpG sites related to SCR were significantly differentially methylated. Whole genome bisulfite sequence data were obtained from three semen samples and the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that included the target CpG sites selected by human methylation microarray were confirmed. Using combined bisulfite restriction analysis, fertility-related methylation changes were detected in 10 DMRs. With the exception of one DMR, the methylation levels of these DMRs were significantly different between groups with high fertility (> 50%) and low fertility (< 40%). From multiple regression analysis of methylation levels and SCR, three DMRs were selected that could effectively predict bull fertility. We suggest that these fertility-related differences in spermatozoal methylation levels could be new epigenetic biomarkers for predicting bull fertility.  相似文献   

An improved method for designing microirrigation submain units   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y. Kang  Soichi Nishiyama 《Irrigation Science》1997,17(4):183-193

A method was developed for designing microirrigation submain units using the lateral flow rate equation, finite element method, and golden section search. Characteristics of water application uniformity affected by lateral parameters (length and diameter) and submain parameters (length and diameter) were analyzed using computer simulations. The design principle was then implemented based on the simulation results. When the required average emitter discharge, the required water application uniformity, one lateral parameter (length or diameter), and one submain parameter (length or diameter) are given, the optimal values of another lateral parameter, another submain parameter, best submain position (paired laterals), and operating pressure head can be accurately designed using a personal computer. A submain unit designed using this method has a minimal initial cost. This method is suitable for both submain units with uniform lateral lengths (in regular fields) and nonuniform lateral lengths (in irregular fields). Received: 28 May 1996  相似文献   

Plant seed cystatins and their target enzymes of endogenous and exogenous origin     

Arai S  Matsumoto I  Emori Y  Abe K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(22):6612-6617

Cystatins are protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases of the papain family, and those of animal origin have long been studied from medical and physiological aspects. In the meantime, oryzacystatin cloned from rice seeds in 1987 was recognized as the first well-defined cystatin of plant origin. Cloning studies followed to disclose various plant cytstatins including those of corn and soybean origin, their similarities to and differences from animal cystatins being analyzed in detail. Plant seed cystatins are now understood as factors controlling germination by inhibition of endogenous cysteine proteinases. They can also recognize insect midgut proteinases as exogenous target enzymes to control. This paper discusses chemical and phytophysiological relationships between cystatins and their targets.  相似文献   

Growth model for the endangered cyprinid fish Tribolodon nakamurai based on otolith analyses   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

CHIFUMI IMAI  HARUMI SAKAI  KAZUHIKO KATSURA  WATARU HONTO  YOUJI HIDA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(4):843-848

A growth model for the endangered cyprinid fish Tribolodon nakamurai was derived following otolith analyses of 16 wild and 53 reared specimens. The asteriscus was the most appropriate to measure size among three otolith elements, and its height OH  mm was used as size index of otolith. Standard length L  cm was best back-calculated using the Gompertz model, L  = 70.0·exp[–exp{−0.553 (OH   –  2.73)}]. Translucent zones on the lapilli, analyzed from 5-year-old-reared fish, were regarded as winter slow-growing zones. The ages of 10 wild specimens of 37.0–48.1 cm standard length were calculated as 7–10 years by counting the translucent zones on the lapilli. Age t was best back-calculated using the allometry model, t  = 1.33· OH ^1.37. The growth trajectory of T.   nakamurai followed a slender S curve, three typical growth models, von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz, and Richards' model, which is a general formula of the above three, being fitted using the maximum likelihood method. The Gompertz model, L_t  = 60.2·exp[–exp{−0.258( t  − 4.68)}], was found by Akaike's information criterion (AIC) to be the statistically most acceptable growth model.  相似文献   

Effect of grain direction on transmittance of 100-GHz millimeter wave for hinoki (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chamaecyparis obtusa</Emphasis>)     

Soichi?TanakaEmail author  Yuko?Fujiwara  Yoshihisa?Fujii  Shogo?Okumura  Hiroyoshi?Togo  Naoya?Kukutsu  Tadao?Nagatsuma 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(3):189-194

The attenuation coefficients of 100-GHz millimeter waves polarized linearly were measured for cross-cut, quarter-sawn, and flat-sawn boards of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) that were 0.2–2.0 cm thick. This was done to examine the applicability of free-wave propagation theory for applying electromagnetic waves to wood. It was found that the transmittance of a millimeter wave through the specimen boards was lower when the fiber direction of a board was parallel to the direction of the electric field of the incident wave than when the fiber direction was perpendicular to the electric field, and there was little difference in the transmittance between the tangential and radial directions for the former case. These findings can be quantitatively explained by using propagation theory and the dielectric properties of wood.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of arylacetamide deacetylase in cynomolgus macaques     

Yasuhiro UNO  Masakiyo HOSOKAWA  Teruko IMAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):721-724

Arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), a microsomal serine esterase, hydrolyzes drugs, such as flutamide, phenacetin and rifampicin. Because AADAC has not been fully investigated at molecular levels in cynomolgus macaques, the non-human primate species widely used in drug metabolism studies, cynomolgus AADAC cDNA was isolated and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence, highly homologous (92%) to human AADAC, was more closely clustered with human AADAC than the dog, rat or mouse ortholog in a phylogenetic tree. AADAC was flanked by AADACL2 and SUCNR1 in the cynomolgus and human genomes. Moreover, relatively abundant expression of AADAC mRNA was found in liver and jejunum, the drug-metabolizing organs, in cynomolgus macaques, similar to humans. The results suggest molecular similarities of AADAC between cynomolgus macaques and humans.  相似文献   

An intracytoplasmic injection of deionized bovine serum albumin immediately after somatic cell nuclear transfer enhances full-term development of cloned mouse embryos     

Yuuki ISAJI  Koki YOSHIDA  Hiroshi IMAI  Masayasu YAMADA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(6):503-510

In mouse somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is typically included in the nuclear donor injection medium. However, the cytotoxicity of PVP, which is injected into the cytoplasm of oocytes, has recently become a cause of concern. In the present study, we determined whether bovine serum albumin deionized with an ion-exchange resin treatment (d-BSA) was applicable to the nuclear donor injection medium in SCNT as an alternative to PVP. The results obtained showed that d-BSA introduced into the cytoplasm of an enucleated oocyte together with a donor nucleus significantly enhanced the rate of in vitro development of cloned embryos to the blastocyst stage compared with that of a conventional nuclear injection with PVP in SCNT. We also defined the enhancing effects of d-BSA on the blastocyst formation rate when d-BSA was injected into the cytoplasm of oocytes reconstructed using the fusion method with a hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope before oocyte activation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the injected d-BSA increased the acetylation levels of histone H3 lysine 9 and histone H4 lysine 12 in cloned pronuclear (PN) and 2-cell embryos. The injection of d-BSA before oocyte activation also increased the production of cloned mouse offspring. These results suggested that intracytoplasmic injection of d-BSA into SCNT oocytes before oocyte activation was beneficial for enhancing the in vitro and in vivo development of mouse cloned embryos through epigenetic modifications to nuclear reprogramming.  相似文献   

Assessing the impact of phosphorus cycling on river water P concentration in Hokkaido     

Krishna Prasad WOLI  Atsushi HAYAKAWA  Toshiyuki NAGUMO  Hiromu IMAI  Teruo ISHIWATA  Ryusuke HATANO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(2):310-317

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