Appraisal of RAPD and ISSR markers for genetic diversity analysis among cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes     

Harsukh Popatbhai Gajera  Rinkal Kishorbhai Domadiya  Sunil Vrajlal Patel  Baljibhai Arjanbhai Golakiya 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2014,17(2):79-88

The genetic variability and relationships among 11 cowpea genotypes representing two cultivars and nine elite genotypes were analyzed using 22 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and nine inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. ISSR markers were more efficient than RAPD assay with regards to polymorphism detection. But the average numbers of polymorphic loci per primer and resolution power were found to be higher for RAPD than for ISSR. Also, the total number of genotype specific marker loci, Nei’s genetic diversity, Shannon’s information index, total heterozygosity, and average heterozygosity were prominent in RAPD as compared to ISSR markers. The regression test between the two Nei’s genetic diversity indices showed low regression (0.3733) between ISSR and RAPD + ISSR-based similarities but maximum (0.9823) for RAPD and RAPD + ISSR-based similarities. The RAPD- and ISSR-generated cultivar- or genotype-specific unique DNA fingerprints able to identify the most diverse genotypes. A dendrogram constructed based on RAPD and ISSR combined data indicated a very clear pattern of clustering according to the groups (cultivars and elite genotypes). The results of principal coordinate analysis were comparable to the cluster analysis. Cluster analysis showed that most diverse genotypes (GP-125 — small size with good seed quality; GP-129, GP-90L — big size with poor seed quality) were separated from moderately diverse cultivars and genotypes. The genetic closeness among GP-129 and GP-90L, JCPL-42, and JCPL-107 could be explained by the high degree of commonness in these genotypes.  相似文献   

Long-term realised and projected growth impacts caused by autumn gum moth defoliation of 2-year-old Eucalyptus nitens plantation trees in Tasmania,Australia     

Luke P. Rapley  Brad M. Potts  Michael Battaglia  Vinu S. Patel  Geoff R. Allen 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Insect damage to production forests has the potential to reduce financial returns by retarding tree growth and causing mortality, however, long-term realised quantification of these losses is rare. In order to help elucidate economic damage thresholds for making spray decisions we capitalised on a natural outbreak of autumn gum moth, Mnesampela privata, in a 2-year-old Eucalyptus nitens plantation. Following the partial chemical control of this insect outbreak we measured the tree growth variables diameter at breast height over bark and height of five differing tree defoliation classes for 75 months following tree damage. At the end of this period a threshold model was fitted to describe the relationship between tree defoliation and realised tree wood volumes. The model revealed that realised stand wood volume was not significantly affected up until defoliation exceeded 60% and then declined sharply after this defoliation level was reached. Further support for this defoliation threshold was evident from multiple comparisons among defoliation classes that showed 50% defoliated trees did not have significantly different wood volume compared to more lightly defoliated trees, but did have significantly greater wood volume compared to trees that were 72% or more defoliated. To determine if the realised differences in wood volume resulted in differences in yield over a plantation rotation the E. nitens growth model NITGRO was used to on-grow trees to age 15 years for a ‘best case’ (type 1 growth response, constant growth rates from last inventory until harvest) and ‘worst case’ (type 2 growth response, divergent growth rates from last inventory until harvest) scenario. The threshold model was then fitted to the outcomes of both scenarios and the economic consequences of defoliation were clearly dependent on the growth function assumed.  相似文献   

Interaction of root colonizing biocontrol agents demonstrates the antagonistic effect against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium oxysporum</Emphasis> f. sp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">lycopersici</Emphasis> on tomato     

Stuti Patel  Meenu Saraf 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,149(2):425-433

Plant growth promoting Bacillus subtilis MSS9 and Bacillus licheniformis MSS14 were isolated from the tomato rhizosphere. These isolates were capable of inhibiting the fungal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing fusarium wilt in tomato, tested by dual culture method and by mycolytic enzyme production. The isolates have the capacity to form biofilm on the microtitre plate. Scanning electron microscopy revealed good colonization capacity of Bacillus licheniformis MSS14 on tomato plant root as compared to Bacillus subtilis MSS9, pot experiments were also analyzed to study the effects of both rhizobacterial cultures on pathogen development and plant growth. It was observed that MSS14 reduces the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato and there was significant increase in vegetative parameters like root length, shoot length, plant wet weight, dry weight and chlorophyll content after which indicates that the root colonization property of the culture MSS14 helps in enhancing the biocontrol capacity against pathogen than that of MSS9.  相似文献   

Impact of sesquiterpenes from Inula racemosa (Asteraceae) on growth,development and nutrition of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)          下载免费PDF全文

Mandeep Kaur  Rakesh Kumar  Deep Patel Upendrabhai  Inder Pal Singh  Sanehdeep Kaur 《Pest management science》2017,73(5):1031-1038

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Wireworm damage reduction in potatoes with an attract-and-kill strategy using <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metarhizium brunneum</Emphasis>     

M. A. Brandl  M. Schumann  M. Przyklenk  A. Patel  S. Vidal 《Journal of pest science》2017,90(2):479-493

Innovative wireworm control strategies are required to implement integrated pest management on the basis of the (EC) No regulation 1107/2009 and Directive 2009/128/EC. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium brunneum (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, are potential biological control agents for wireworm control but do not achieve high control efficacies in the field when applied as a conidia suspension. In a 2-year study, wireworm control with a novel attract-and-kill strategy aimed at enhancing M. brunneum efficacies in organic potato production systems in Lower Saxony, Germany. The approach is based on the attraction of wireworms (Agriotes spp. Eschscholtz) towards an artificial carbon dioxide-emitting source, using baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex Hansen) in combination with M. brunneum conidia for wireworm infection. Both components were encapsulated in alginate as a carrier material and applied in a mixture with two types of beads (one for encapsulated yeast and one for M.brunneum conidia). An application of these beads within the potato rows during potato planting reduced wireworm tuber damage by 37–75% relative to the untreated control and was able to enhance the efficacy of M. brunneum by up to 35% through an attract-and-kill approach compared to beads without a carbon dioxide source only. This strategy offers a high potential to promote biological wireworm control as an alternative to insecticide use by potentially reducing the inoculum compared to an inundate M. brunneum conidia release strategy.  相似文献   

Removal of As(III) from Aqueous Solution Using Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Nanoparticles: Process Modeling and Optimization Using Statistical Design     

Uttam Kumar Sahu  Manoj Kumar Sahu  Siba Sankar Mahapatra  Raj Kishore Patel 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(1):45

In this study, Extran (biodegradable surfactant) was used for the preparation of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles by microemulsion process to improve removal efficiency of As(III) from aqueous solution. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, and VSM instrumental techniques. The effect of different parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial As(III) concentration, and solution pH were studied by response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimized condition for adsorption of As(III) from aqueous solution was obtained as adsorbent dose of 0.70 mg/g, solution pH of 7.7, and initial As(III) concentration of 33.32 mg/L. In this optimum condition, about 90.5% of As(III) was removed from the aqueous solution. Isotherm studies have been done at optimal condition, and it was observed that the Langmuir isotherm models were fitted well with experimental data having a high correlation coefficient of 0.993. From the Langmuir isotherm data, the maximum adsorption capacity of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was found to be 7.18 mg/g at pH 7.7 in room temperature. This study revealed that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles can be used as an efficient, eco-friendly, and effective material for the adsorptive removal of As(III) from aqueous system.  相似文献   

Synthesis, characterization and application of quinazolinone based reactive dyes for various fibers     

Divyesh R. Patel  Keshav C. Patel 《Fibers and Polymers》2010,11(4):537-544

Seven hot brand heterocyclic mono azo reactive dyes (7a–g) have been synthesized by coupling diazotized 2-phenyl-3{4′-[(4″-aminophenyl)sulphonyl]phenyl}-quinazoline-4(3H)-one-6-sulphonic acid (4) with various 2-chloro-4-nitro anilino cyanurated coupling components (6a–g) and their dyeing performance on silk, wool, and cotton has been assessed. The purity of dyes was checked by thin layer chromatography. These dyes were identified by recording IR and ¹H-NMR spectra. The λ _max, R _f value, %exhaustion, %fixation, light fastness, wash fastness, rubbing fastness, reflectance (%R) value, and K/S value have also been studied.  相似文献   

印度西部5种热带干落叶林中凋落物中生物元素和返回到绿叶中的季节性变化(英文)     

J. I. Nirmal Kumar  Rita N Kumar  Rohit Kumar Bhoi  Kanti Patel 《林业研究》2010,21(1):33-38

本文对印度西部5种热带干落叶林中凋落物里生物元素的季节性变化和它们返回到新鲜叶中季节性变化进行研究。对5个树种:阿拉伯金合欢(Acacia nilotica L.)、金合欢(Acacia leucophloea Roxb.)、柚木(Tectonagrandis L.f.)、绒毛野独活(Miliusa tomentosa Roxb.)和紫矿(Butea mono-sperma Lain.)中凋落物的成熟叶、枝和再生部分的N、P、Ca、Mg、K和Na的浓度,以及老叶和幼叶中浓度间的关系进行调查。对这些树种的总干物质进行记录,并分析它们所含的N、P、Ca、Mg、K和Na的含量。其中阿拉伯金合欢叶子中N的含量最高,而金合欢的叶子里Ca和Mg含量最高。叶中含P最多的是阿托伯金合欢、金合欢和紫矿,而含P最少的是柚木和绒毛野独活。K和Na含量在这些树种中没有明显的区别。观察发现,N、P和K的浓度随季节变化大,但Ca和Mg则不然。唯有钾在所有树种中都是最稳定的,吸收N和P可以用于来年新叶的生长。从老叶和凋落物中吸收的营养会支持新叶的生长,并增加土壤的肥力。图1表4参30。  相似文献   

Targeted identification of association between cotton fiber quality traits and microsatellite markers     

Jeevan Adhikari  Sayan Das  Zining Wang  Sameer Khanal  Rahul Chandnani  Jinesh D. Patel  Valorie H. Goff  Susan Auckland  Lisa K. Rainville  Don Jones  Andrew H. Paterson 《Euphytica》2017,213(3):65

Primitive and exotic accessions of cotton are potential sources of favorable alleles for genetic improvement, enriching diversity in the genetically constricted gene pool of elite cultivars. Three exotic accessions of cotton (MDN101, MDN063 and MDN257), collected from different parts of Central America and converted to day-neutral flowering; and four elite cultivars (PD94042, DES56, PMHS200 and Acala Maxxa) representing the US cotton gene pool were used as parents to create experimental populations. The corresponding F₂ and F_2:3 progenies of these populations were grown in two successive years (i.e., some in 2011–2012, some in 2012–2013) and phenotypes were scored in both F₂ and F_2:3 progenies in all 3 years (2011–2012–2013). These populations were screened with 113 polymorphic microsatellite markers selected from “hotspots” for fiber quality quantitative trait loci in the cotton genome and single marker analyses were performed to identify significant associations of the markers with six fiber quality traits. A total of 134 nominal marker-trait associations were identified, among which 15 were significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. In 67 of 134 nominal associations and 4 of 15 significant associations, the exotic parents contributed favorable alleles to multiple backgrounds and for multiple traits, in addition to the traits for which they were selected. These results indicate that utilization of exotic and wild accessions of cotton is useful in introducing favorable alleles into the cultivated cotton gene pool for genetic improvement.  相似文献   

Dynamics and modeling of soil water under subsurface drip irrigated onion   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Neelam Patel 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(12):1335-1349

Subsurface drip irrigation provides water to the plants around the root zone while maintaining a dry soil surface. A problem associated with the subsurface drip irrigation is the formation of cavity at the soil surface above the water emission points. This can be resolved through matching dripper flow rates to the soil hydraulic properties. Such a matching can be obtained either by the field experiments supplemented by modeling. Simulation model (Hydrus-2D) was used and tested in onion crop (Allium cepa L.) irrigated through subsurface drip system during 2002-2003, 2003-2004 and 2004-2005. Onion was transplanted at a plant to plant and row to row spacing of 10 cm × 15 cm with 3 irrigation levels and 6 depths of placement of drip lateral. The specific objective of this study was to assess the effect of depth of placement of drip laterals on crop yield and application of Hydrus-2D model for the simulation of soil water. In sandy loam soils, it was observed that operating pressures of up to 1.0 kg cm⁻² did not lead to the formation of cavity above the subsurface dripper having drippers of 2.0 l h⁻¹ discharge at depths up to 30 cm. Wetted soil area of 60 cm wide and up to a depth of 30 cm had more than 18% soil water content, which was conducive for good growth of crop resulting in higher onion yields when drip laterals were placed either on soil surface or placed up to depths of 15 cm. In deeper placement of drip lateral (20 and 30 cm below surface), adequate soil water was found at 30, 45 and 60 cm soil depth. Maximum drainage occurred when drip lateral was placed at 30 cm depth. Maximum onion yield was recorded at 10 cm depth of drip lateral (25.7 t ha⁻¹). The application of Hydrus-2D confirmed the movement of soil water at 20 and 30 cm depth of placement of drip laterals. The model performance in simulating soil water was evaluated by comparing the measured and predicted values using three parameters namely, AE, RMSE and model efficiency. Distribution of soil water under field experiment and by model simulation at different growth stages agreed closely and the differences were statistically insignificant. The use of Hydrus-2D enabled corroborating the conclusions derived from the field experimentation made on soil water distribution at different depths of placement of drip laterals. This model helped in designing the subsurface drip system for efficient use of water with minimum drainage.  相似文献