Bubbles in chapatti doughs     

S. Chakrabarti-Bell  S. Wang  M.J. Patel  R.M. Weiss  P.J. Austin 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013

Traditionally, chapattis are flatbreads made from atta (wholemeal Indian wheat flour). Non-atta chapattis have not been popular due to substandard product quality. To investigate what makes atta special for making chapattis, products were made using atta, Australian wholemeal wheat flour, gluten-free lupin flour, and a blend of lupin and wheat flours. Doughs were characterised by measuring strain-hardening and elastic recovery in compression and also bubble structures via 3-D X-ray micro-tomography. A method was developed to identify and separate bran, which appears as bubbles, in scans of doughs.  相似文献   

Biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of morning glory peroxidase from an invasive and hallucinogenic plant weed Ipomoea carnea     

Patel AK  Singh VK  Moir AJ  Jagannadham MV 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(19):9236-9245

A novel heme peroxidase MGP from the latex of Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (morning glory) belonging to the Convolvulaceae family was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme is glycosylated and has a molecular mass of 42.06 kDa (MALDI-TOF) and an isoelectric point of pH 4.3. The enzyme has high yield, broad substrate specificity, and a high stability toward pH, temperature, chaotrophs, and organic solvents. The extinction coefficient (epsilon 280 (1%)) of the enzyme was estimated as 20.56 and it consists of 13 tryptophan, 9 tyrosine, and 8 cysteine residues forming 4 disulfide bridges. There is significant effect of inhibitors targeting S-S bridges (mercaptoethanol, l-cysteine, glutathione), as well as of inhibitors targeting heme (sodium azide and hydroxylamine) on peroxidase activity, whereas inhibition was not observed with ethylmaleinimide due to the absence of reduced cysteine in the enzyme. Polyclonal antibodies against the enzyme have been raised in rabbit, and immunodiffusion suggests that the antigenic determinants of MGP are unique. The N-terminal sequence of MGP (D-E-A-C-I-F-S-A-V-K-E-V-V-D-A) exhibited considerable similarity to the sequence of other known plant peroxidases. Spectroscopic studies (absorbance, fluorescence, and circular dichroism) reveal that MGP has secondary structural features with alpha/beta type with approximately 20% alpha-helicity.  相似文献   

Veterinary vaccine development from an industrial perspective     

Heldens JG  Patel JR  Chanter N  Ten Thij GJ  Gravendijck M  Schijns VE  Langen A  Schetters TP 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,178(1):7-20

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Mango explant browning: Effect of ontogenic age,mycorrhization and pre-treatments     

Hare Krishna  R.K. Sairam  S.K. Singh  V.B. Patel  R.R. Sharma  Minakshi Grover  Lata Nain  A. Sachdev 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

The in vitro performance of mango shoot culture is delimited by several factors, of which explant necrosis and media browning are considered as major constraints for successful exploitation of such an important commercial crop. Our results showed that source of explants had a significant effect on the performance of in vitro cultures of mango. The variations in survival of explants collected from glasshouse grown seedlings and field-grown stock plants indicated towards differences between their physiological/ontogenic age. Though, chronologically, both are young, the glasshouse grown shoots are ontogenetically younger and; therefore, responded better over field-grown shoots. Improved performance of explants harvested from mycorrhizal plants suggests integration of mycorrhizal biotechnology with tissue culture biotechnology in order to achieve better results as mycorrhiza being a well-known stress alleviator may help explants mitigate in vitro stresses. Furthermore, shoot tip explants of field-grown ‘Amrapali’ mango was assayed for their browning propensity at pre- and post-culture stages. Status of different bio-chemicals such as in vivo phenol, in vitro phenol exudation, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase as affected by various pre-treatments were estimated to establish the relationship of these bio-chemicals with necrosis of mango shoot cultures. The different pre-treatments comprised etiolation of newly emerged shoots (5–7 days old) of stock plants using black polythene for 7 days, etiolation treatment + agitation of explants in antioxidant solution (antioxidants: ascorbic acid at 100 mg l⁻¹ + citric acid at 50 mg l⁻¹), etiolation treatment + agitation of explants in polyvinylpyrrolidone solution (PVP) at 0.2% and non-etiolated control. Of these, explants treated with PVP proved to be superior to other treatments with regards to explant necrosis percentage as such explants exhibited least activities of phenols and oxidative enzymes. Correlation studies indicated existence of high positive correlation between explant necrosis and these bio-chemicals.  相似文献   

Effect of microalga-based diet on oxidative stress enzymes of African catfish,Clarias gariepinus     

Shaishav Sharma  Ekta Shah  Deepti Davla  Gaurav Dixit  Aesha Patel  Adepu Kiran Kumar 《International Aquatic Research》2019,11(4):377-387

Here an indigenously isolated microalgal strain Ascochloris spp. cultivated in synthetic medium was evaluated as an aquaculture feed supplement. The daily dietary supplement includes microalgal feed (AF) and commercial diet feed (CF) (as control), respectively. These diets were fed separately to the juvenile Clarias gariepinus fishes (n = 4) under controlled conditions for an experimental period of 100 days. The protein, glycogen and lipid contents in the muscle extracts were found to be marginally higher in fishes that were fed with CF than AF diet. Similarly, CF fishes showed significantly higher glutathione-s-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidase activities, except glutathione content. Zero mortality of the fishes with no significant difference in the overall body mass with the two dietary supplements strongly suggests that algal biomass could supplement the requisite nutrients for their metabolic activities. This preliminary investigation helps in exploring algal biomass as a potential alternative feed additive in the aquaculture industry.  相似文献   

Time after seawater transfer influences immune cell abundance and responses to SAV3 infection in Atlantic salmon          下载免费PDF全文

J Jarungsriapisit  L J Moore  I U Fiksdal  H Bjørgen  A Tangerås  B Köllner  E O Koppang  S Patel 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(8):1269-1282

Pancreas disease (PD) caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) severely affects salmonid aquaculture during the seawater phase. To characterize immune cells in target tissues for SAV infection, heart, pancreas and pyloric caeca were analysed from two groups of fish adapted to seawater for 2 and 9 weeks. The sections were scored for the relative abundance of cells expressing MHC class II, IgM, CD3, CD8 or neutrophil/granulocyte markers using immuno‐histochemical techniques. In general, necrosis of tissue was more severe in fish infected at 2 weeks post‐seawater transfer (wpt) compared with those infected at 9 wpt. At 9 wpt, there were higher numbers of MHC II⁺ cells in heart, pancreas and pyloric caeca, IgM⁺ cells in heart and pancreas, and CD3⁺ cells in pancreas compared to those infected at 2 wpt. The majority of the immune cells infiltrating PD‐affected tissues were MHC II⁺ and CD3⁺ cells suggesting that antigen‐presenting cells and T lymphocytes are the main types of immune cells responding to SAV infection. All the investigated cell types were also observed in pyloric caeca of infected fish, suggesting that this tissue may play a role in the immune response to SAV.  相似文献   

Electrospun nanofibers of poly(NPEMA-co.-CMPMA): Used as Heavy metal ion remover and water sanitizer     

Mehdihasan I. Shekh  Dijit M. Patel  Kaushal P. Patel  Rajni M. Patel 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(3):358-370

Homo and copolymers of monomers 2-(N-phthalimido) ethylmethacrylate (NPEMA) and 4-Chloro-3-methyl phenyl methacrylate (CMPMA) were prepared in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution at 70 °C using 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The solution of poly(NPEMA-co.-CMPMA) in 20 % DMF was used to fabrication electrospun nanofiber by electrospinning technique. IR data were primarily employed to characterize polymers. The formation of nanofibers was identified by SEM study. The metal ion uptake capacity of copolymers and nanofibers were obtain by batch equilibrium method using different metal ion solution. The antimicrobial activity of the copolymers, Polymer nanocomposites and their nanofibers were tested against different microbial organisms by using quantitative method. The main objective of this investigation was to find whether nanofiber are better remover of metal ions compared to copolymers. It was also aimed to study the efficacy of nanofibers of copolymers and copolymer composite with nano Ag as water sanitizer.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Schizophyllum commune Fr. potential for biodegradation of lignin: A light microscopic analysis     

Rina D. Koyani  Isha M. Bhatt  Hiral R. Patel  Ajit M. Vasava 《Wood material science & engineering》2016,11(1):46-56

Lignin biodegradation potential of Schizophyllum commune Fr. is studied by using sound wood blocks of Ailanthus excelsa, Azadirachta indica, Tectona grandis, Eucalyptus sp. and Leucaena leucocephala. Initially, in vitro wood decay test showed minor weight loss, but it became rapid after one month. After 120 days of incubation, weight loss was minimum in T. grandis (24.05%) whereas it was maximum in A. excelsa (34.44%). Treated test blocks were characterised by enlargement of pits on ray cell wall, formation of additional boreholes in rays, separation of fibres and cell wall thinning and formation of ‘U’-shape notches. Fungal hyphae moved through the xylem cell lumen, and intercellular spaces formed in response to separation of fibres. Hyphae traverse in adjacent cell through the cell wall pits or by making additional boreholes. In all the species studied, xylem fibres and parenchyma (axial and ray) cells were more susceptible while vessels were resistant to fungal attack. In advanced stage of decay, fibres and axial parenchyma lost their rigidity while vessel walls showed uneven thinning. In the tension wood, G-fibres remained unaffected initially but loosening and separation of gelatinous layer facilitated fungal action and showed similar pattern of cell wall deterioration. Among the wood of different species studied, Tectona was more resistant whereas Ailanthus was more susceptible to fungal attack.  相似文献   

Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae var. nov.: a fungal agent for the biological control of Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera)     

Robert A. Tanner  Carol A. Ellison  Marion K. Seier  Gábor M. Kovács  Edit Kassai-Jáger  Zsolt Berecky  Sonal Varia  Djami Djeddour  Mool Chand Singh  Ágnes Csiszár  Péter Csontos  Levente Kiss  Harry C. Evans 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,141(2):247-266

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Cryopreservation of Canine Platelets     

E.H. Appleman  B.S. Sachais  R. Patel  K.J. Drobatz  R.P. Groman  D.R. Kennedy  P.A. O'Donnell  C. Bryan  M.B. Callan 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(1):138-145

Background: Platelet cryopreservation allows long-term storage and immediate availability of transfusion products.
Hypothesis: The addition of a preparation inhibiting platelet activation (Thrombosol, in 2% dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]) will enhance in vitro function and prolong in vivo survival of cryopreserved platelets compared with those preserved in 6% DMSO.
Animals: Thirty-three research dogs.
Methods: Prospective study. Eleven fresh canine apheresis platelet concentrates (PCs) were each split into 3 units: fresh and cryopreserved in 6% DMSO or Thrombosol. Platelet analysis, performed 1–10 weeks postfreezing, included in vitro functional testing and in vivo survival assessed by administration of biotinylated platelets.
Results: Platelet aggregation was diminished in cryopreserved PC. Cryopreserved platelets could be activated, as based on mean thrombin-stimulated P-selectin expression (6% DMSO, 23.0%; Thrombosol, 18.4%), although to a lesser extent than fresh PC (49.1%) ( P < .0001). The mean maximum in vivo platelet recovery for fresh PC was 80.3%, significantly greater than recovery for 6% DMSO (49.2%) and Thrombosol PC (43.7%) ( P ≤ .001). The half-life (days) of fresh PC (3.8 ± 0.4) was significantly ( P < .002) greater than that of 6% DMSO (1.9 ± 1.0) and Thrombosol (2.4 ± 1.1) PC, with no difference ( P = .3) between cryopreserved PC.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Cryopreservation of canine platelets using Thrombosol did not provide any advantage over preservation using 6% DMSO. Cryopreserved platelets can be activated in vitro and provide therapeutic benefit when fresh platelets are unavailable. Further studies are needed to assess their in vivo hemostatic function.  相似文献