Use of meloxicam as an analgesic in canine orthopaedic surgery     

Arculus SL 《The Veterinary record》2004,155(24):784

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter coli isolated from fattening pigs in France     

Payot S  Dridi S  Laroche M  Federighi M  Magras C 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,101(2):91-99

Campylobacter are a leading cause of human diarrhea. The usual source of infection is contaminated food, particularly poultry but pork has also been described. The veterinary use of antimicrobial drugs has been suggested to be largely responsible for resistance in human isolates of this zoonotic pathogen. A study was carried out to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolated from French fattening pigs. From March 1998 to June 1999, stomach samples were collected at slaughter from 240 fattening pigs originating from 24 different farms. Half of the pigs were found to be positive for Campylobacter but considerable variation was observed between farms. Isolates all belong to the Campylobacter coli species. Susceptibilities of the strains were determined for five antimicrobial drugs using agar dilution. Resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin was high (79 and 55%, respectively). For nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin and ampicillin, resistance was observed in 34, 15 and 20% of the isolates, respectively. More than one-third of the strains was resistant to at least three antimicrobial drugs. A Thr86Ile modification in GyrA was observed in the enrofloxacin-resistant strains studied. The multiresistant strains analyzed expressed the multidrug transporter CmeB at a high level. Results indicated a high prevalence of C. coli in the stomach of the French pigs examined. In addition, a high proportion of the strains was resistant to antimicrobial drugs, particularly to tetracycline and erythromycin, or were multiresistant.  相似文献   

Acibenzolar-S-methyl Induces the Accumulation of Defense-related Enzymes in Apple and Protects from Fire Blight   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Marie-Noëlle Brisset  Sophie Cesbron  Sherman V. Thomson  Jean-Pierre Paulin 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(6):529-536

Acibenzolar-S-methyl (Novartis) is a chemical inducer of systemic acquired resistance in several annual plants. The ability of this novel chemical to induce resistance was studied in a perennial plant (apple) affected by fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora. Acibenzolar-S-methyl (100 and 200mg/l active ingredient) protected Golden Delicious seedlings, scions and trees from artificial infection when applied before inoculation. The protection of apple seedlings was similar to the protection obtained with the standard for fire blight control, plantomycin (100mg/l streptomycin sulfate), applied immediately before inoculation. The mean levels of control in scions in the greenhouse and in trees in orchards were approximately 69% and 50%, respectively. The protection of apple seedlings was constantly associated with the activation of two families of defense-related enzymes, peroxidases and -1,3-glucanases. Accumulation of both enzymes was induced locally in treated leaves and systemically, especially for -1,3-glucanases, in upper untreated leaves, and was sustained for at least 17 days. These results suggest that acibenzolar-S-methyl promotes induced systemic resistance in apple by increasing defense-related compounds. This chemical could provide a new approach of control of fire blight but its practical use needs further investigation.  相似文献   

Metabolism of [14C]-2,4-dichlorophenol in edible plants     

Laurent F  Debrauwer L  Pascal-Lorber S 《Pest management science》2006,62(6):558-564

Several 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-sensitive plants have been modified by genetic engineering with tfdA gene to acquire 2,4-D tolerance. The expression product of this gene degrades 2,4-D to 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), which is less phytotoxic but could cause a problem of food safety. After a comparison of 2,4-D and DCP metabolism in transgenic 2,4-D-tolerant and wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), a direct study of DCP metabolism in edible plants was performed. After petiolar uptake of a [U-phenyl-(14)C]-DCP solution followed by a 48 h water chase, aqueous extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Metabolites were thereafter isolated and their structural identities were determined by enzymatic and chemical hydrolyses and mass spectrometry analyses. The metabolic fate of DCP was equivalent to 2,4-D metabolism in transgenic 2,4-D-tolerant cotton. In addition, DCP metabolism was similar in transgenic and wild cotton. The major terminal metabolites were DCP-saccharide conjugates in all species, essentially DCP-(6-O-malonyl)-glucoside or its precursor DCP-glucose. The significance of this metabolic pathway with regard to food safety is discussed.  相似文献   

Population structure and virulence content of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from outbreaks in Sri Lanka     

D.R.A. Dissanayake  Sophie Octavia  Ruiting Lan 《Veterinary microbiology》2014,168(2-4):403-412

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes economically significant infections in poultry. The genetic diversity of APEC and phylogenetic relationships within and between APEC and other pathogenic E. coli are not yet well understood. We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST), PCR-based phylogrouping and virulence genotyping to analyse 75 avian E. coli strains, including 55 isolated from outbreaks of colisepticaemia and 20 from healthy chickens. Isolates were collected from 42 commercial layer and broiler chicken farms in Sri Lanka. MLST identified 61 sequence types (ST) with 44 being novel. The most frequent ST, ST48, was represented by only six isolates followed by ST117 with four isolates. Phylogenetic clusters based on MLST sequences were mostly comparable to phylogrouping by PCR and MLST further differentiated phylogroups B1 and D into two subgroups. Genotyping of 16 APEC associated virulence genes found that 27 of the clinical isolates and one isolate from a healthy chicken belonged to highly virulent genotype according to previously established classification schemes. We found that a combination of four genes, ompT, hlyF, iroN and papC, gave a comparable prediction to that of using five and nine genes by other studies. Four STs (ST10, ST48, ST117 and ST2016) contained APEC isolates from this study and human UPEC isolates reported by others, suggesting that these STs are potentially zoonotic. Our results enhanced the understanding of APEC population structure and virulence association.  相似文献   

C-cadherin ectodomain structure and implications for cell adhesion mechanisms     

Boggon TJ  Murray J  Chappuis-Flament S  Wong E  Gumbiner BM  Shapiro L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5571):1308-1313

Cadherins are transmembrane proteins that mediate adhesion between cells in the solid tissues of animals. Here we present the 3.1 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the whole, functional extracellular domain from C-cadherin, a representative "classical" cadherin. The structure suggests a molecular mechanism for adhesion between cells by classical cadherins, and it provides a new framework for understanding both cis (same cell) and trans (juxtaposed cell) cadherin interactions. The trans adhesive interface is a twofold symmetric interaction defined by a conserved tryptophan side chain at the membrane-distal end of a cadherin molecule from one cell, which inserts into a hydrophobic pocket at the membrane-distal end of a cadherin molecule from the opposing cell.  相似文献   

Identifying kinetic barriers to mechanical unfolding of the T. thermophila ribozyme     

Onoa B  Dumont S  Liphardt J  Smith SB  Tinoco I  Bustamante C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5614):1892-1895

Mechanical unfolding trajectories for single molecules of the Tetrahymena thermophila ribozyme display eight intermediates corresponding to discrete kinetic barriers that oppose mechanical unfolding with lifetimes of seconds and rupture forces between 10 and 30 piconewtons. Barriers are magnesium dependent and correspond to known intra- and interdomain interactions. Several barrier structures are "brittle," breakage requiring high forces but small (1 to 3 nanometers) deformations. Barrier crossing is stochastic, leading to variable unfolding paths. The response of complex RNA structures to locally applied mechanical forces may be analogous to the responses of RNA during translation, messenger RNA export from the nucleus, and viral replication.  相似文献   

Wetlands in Central Europe – Soil Organisms,Soil Ecological Processes and Trace Gas Emissions. By G. Broll,W. Merbach,and E.‐M. Pfeiffer (eds.)     

Sophie Zechmeister‐Boltenstern 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(2):270-270

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Species diversity and seasonal abundance of Collembola in turfgrass ecosystems of North America   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sophie Rochefort  Fernand Therrien  David J. Shetlar  Jacques Brodeur   《Pedobiologia》2006,50(1):61-68

In North America, lawns are the most widely used plantings in urban areas. However, despite the ubiquity and ecological roles of turfgrass soil arthropods, many aspects of their composition and diversity have been neglected. We investigated assemblages of Collembola and their seasonal fluctuations in a newly established lawn and a 10-year old lawn located in Québec City, Canada. Collembola were sampled every month from May to October in 2003 and 2004 by extracting individuals from soil cores using a modified Berlese funnel. A total of 21 species representing 17 genera and nine families were identified. Four species are new records for the province of Quebec: Brachystomella parvula, Mesaphorura simplex, Isotomodes productus, and Sphaeridia pumilis. Turfgrass supports mainly three cosmopolitan species from the Isotomidae family, which represent 73.5% of all Collembola collected during the survey: Parisotoma notabilis, Isotoma viridis, and Cryptopygus thermophilus. Collembola were twice more abundant at the newly established site, but there were minor differences in species diversity between sites and years. No clear patterns of seasonal relative abundance were observed for the whole Collembola populations, as well as for the three dominant species. Turfgrass ecosystem provides a suitable habitat for epedaphic and hemiedaphic Collembola, such as the Isotomidae, most likely because turfgrass mowing and natural leaf, stem and root replacement produces large amounts of decaying organic matter.  相似文献   

The SAHGA model to calculate the Spatial Ammoniacal Heterogeneity at the soil surface after fertiliser Granule Application     

Edith?Le?CadreEmail author  Sophie?Génermont  Farooq?Azam  Sylvie?Recous 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2004,40(3):178-180

After dissolution of fertiliser granules, a high nitrogen concentration is recovered in the immediate vicinity of granules, which may enhance damaging processes like nitrite accumulation or ammonia volatilisation. Based on the diffusion equations of Cranck, the granule-soil microsite was modelled to obtain the actual fertilised surface plot and the effective rate of N application on this surface. Parameterisation of the diffusion coefficient of solutes consisted of a temperature and soil texture correction. The model was tested against an experimental data set obtained from soil incubations at two soil water contents (21.2% m³ m^–3 and 28.3% m³ m^–3) and two temperatures (4°C and 25°C) by comparing NH₄⁺ recovery at various distances from the granules. The simulated radius of the granule-soil microsite was more affected by the water content than by the temperature. The model is very accurate because 95–100% of total NH₄⁺ applied was recovered in the modelled surface depending on the experimental conditions (temperature and water content). The model was simple enough to be easily integrated into larger models dealing with surface-applied granule fertilisers.  相似文献