Radiographic determination of proventricular diameter in psittacine birds     

Dennison SE  Paul-Murphy JR  Adams WM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(5):709-714

OBJECTIVE: To establish an objective method of determining proventricular diameter in psittacine birds by assessment of lateral whole-body radiographic views. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. ANIMALS: 100 parrots with no signs of gastric disease and 19 parrots with signs of gastric disease. PROCEDURES: Measurements were obtained for the following variables: proventricular diameter at the level of the junction between the last thoracic vertebra and synsacrum, maximum distance between the dorsal serosa of the proximal aspect of the proventriculus and dorsal border of the sternum, maximum coelomic cavity height at the level of the proximal aspect of the proventriculus, and maximum dorsoventral height of the keel of the sternum. The ratio of proventricular diameter to each of those measurements was calculated and compared among species within the group without signs of gastric disease and between the gastric and nongastric disease groups. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen among species of parrots without signs of gastric disease for any ratio, but there were significant differences between parrots with gastric signs and those without gastric signs for all ratios. Only the proventricular diameterto-maximum dorsoventral height of the keel of the sternum ratio had no numeric overlap between groups. Sensitivity and specificity of the ratio for detection of proventricular enlargement were both 100%. Six causes associated with proventricular enlargement were identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Evaluation of the proventricular diameter-to-keel height ratio is a new method for evaluating proventricular size in psittacines. Ratio values < 0.48 indicate normal proventricular diameter and the absence of proventricular disease.  相似文献   

Palatal sclerotherapy: a potentially useful treatment of intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate in juvenile standardbred racehorses     

Marcoux M  Picandet V  Céleste C  Macieira S  Morisset S  Rossier Y  Schambourg M  Jean D 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2008,49(6):587-591

This study was aimed at evaluating the tolerability and the efficacy of palatal sclerotherapy in juvenile standardbred racehorses with easily audible "snoring-like" respiratory noises suspected to be the result of intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate. The palate of 8 horses was injected with sodium tetradecyl sulfate under videoendoscopic guidance. Palatal sclerotherapy resulted in resolution of the respiratory noise in 7 horses, improvement of performance in 6 horses, and mild side effects in only 3 horses. This preliminary study suggests that palatal sclerotherapy is a safe, repeatable, inexpensive, and promising technique that should be considered as an alternative to existing treatments of intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate.  相似文献   

Arthroscopic surgical approach and intra-articular anatomy of the equine suprapatellar pouch     

Vinardell T  David F  Morisset S 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2008,37(4):350-356

Objective— To describe a direct arthroscopic approach to the suprapatellar pouch (SPP), its intra-articular anatomy, and report our clinical experience with SPP arthroscopy.
Study Design— (1) Experimental study and (2) retrospective clinical study.
Animals— (1) Cadaveric equine hind limbs (n=24; 14 horses) and (2) 5 horses.
Methods— Four femoropatellar joints (FPJ) were dissected or injected with latex to document surface landmarks and topographic anatomy. (1) Arthroscopic exploration of 20 SPP (10 equine cadavers) was performed and described, followed by dissection. (2) Medical records of horses that had FPJ arthroscopy were reviewed for cases where SPP portals were required.
Results— (1) The optimal arthroscopic portal was located ∼10 cm lateral to the longitudinal patellar axis and 2 cm proximal to the patellar base in the intermuscular septum between the biceps femoris and vastus lateralis muscles. This approach allowed arthroscopic observation of the proximal aspect of the lateral and medial femoral trochlear ridges, the intertrochlear groove, the patellar base, and the synovial recess of the SPP. (2) Additional arthroscopic and instrument suprapatellar portals were used in 5 of 25 horses to complete lavage/debridement in osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and septic arthritis.
Conclusion— Suprapatellar arthroscopy improved arthroscopic observation of structures located proximally in the FPJ and facilitated surgical access to the SPP.
Clinical Relevance— SPP arthroscopy is a safe and complementary approach to traditional distal FPJ arthroscopy that could be helpful for inspection and removal of free fragments/debris/fibrin located in the SPP, for OCD lesions extending proximally, and fracture(s) involving the proximal aspect of the patella.  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of cytokine transcript profiles within mediastinal lymph node compartments of pigs after infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome genotype 1 strains differing in pathogenicity     

Obdulio García-Nicolás  Rubén S Rosales  Francisco J Pallarés  David Risco  Juan J Quereda  Simon P Graham  Jean-Pierre Frossard  Sophie B Morgan  Falko Steinbach  Trevor W Drew  Tony S Strickland  Francisco J Salguero 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)

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Hemodynamic effects of an intravenous infusion of medetomidine at six different dose regimens in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs     

Kaartinen J  Pang D  Moreau M  Vainio O  Beaudry F  Del Castillo J  Lamont L  Cuvelliez S  Troncy E 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2010,11(1):E1-E16

This study investigated the dose dependency of the hemodynamic effects of IV medetomidine (MED) constant-rate infusion (CRI) during isoflurane anesthesia. Twenty-four healthy beagles randomly received one of six MED CRI regimens. A loading dose of MED was administered IV at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.7, 4.0, or 12.0 ug/kg-1 for 10 minutes, followed by a maintenance CRI providing identical dose amounts over 60 minutes. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded, blood gases were analyzed, and cardiac index (CI) was determined. Statistical analysis involved a repeated measures linear model. Baseline CI demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease as the MED dose increased, with decreases of 14.9% (SD, 12.7%), 21.7% (17.9%), 27.1% (13.2%), 44.2% (9.7%), 47.9% (8.1%), and 61.2% (14.1%) at doses of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.7, 4.0, and 12.0 ug/kg-1, respectively. The four lowest doses induced limited and transient changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and CI. Further investigation into potential perioperative uses of MED CRI is warranted.  相似文献   

Avian influenza in backyard poultry of the Mopti region,Mali     

Sophie Molia  Abdallah Traoré  Patricia Gil  Saliha Hammoumi  Stéphanie Lesceu  Renata Servan de Almeida  Emmanuel Albina  Véronique Chevalier 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(5):807-809

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Modelling feed intake and milk yield responses to different grass ley harvesting strategies     

Degong Pang  Sophie J. Krizsan  Auvo Sairanen  Juha Nousiainen  Pekka Huhtanen 《Grass and Forage Science》2019,74(3):509-524

A meta‐analysis of feeding trials using grass silages was conducted to predict production responses for dairy cows fed grass silage. They were divided into two subsets: 69 diets from 11 studies were used for comparison of silages made from primary growth and regrowth grass (harvesting subset), and another 157 diets from 24 studies were used for comparison of digestibility influenced by the maturity of grass ensiled (D‐value, digestible organic matter in dry matter) (maturity subset). The minimum prerequisite for an experiment to be included in the data set was that milk production, feed intake, silage characteristics and concentrate ingredients were reported. Both subsets were analysed using the mixed model procedures of SAS. The mean response in dry‐matter intake (DMI) and silage DMI to improved silage D‐value was 0.0175 and 0.0161 kg per unit D‐value (g/kg DM) respectively. The average increase in milk and energy‐corrected milk yield was 0.30 and 0.37 kg per 10‐unit increase in silage D‐value respectively. Milk protein concentration increased, and fat concentration tended to increase with enhanced silage D‐value. Each 10‐unit increase in D‐value reduced milk yield by 0.092 kg at a given dietary metabolizable energy intake (MEI), suggesting that the ME concentration of high D‐value silages was overestimated. Cows fed regrowth silage produced 0.55 kg/day more energy‐corrected milk than those fed primary growth silage at a given dietary MEI. The prediction models can be used to improve ration formulation systems or incorporated into economic models for optimizing milk production in various farming systems.  相似文献   

Senescence of Manilkara zapota trees and implications for large frugivorous birds in the Southern Yucatan Peninsula,Mexico     

Martinus Jacobus Antonius Weterings  Suzanne Maria Weterings-Schonck  Henricus Franciscus Maria Vester  Sophie Calmé 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008

It has long been established that mature forests are mosaics of patches in different development phases but it has seldom explicitly been taken into account in ecological studies. We demonstrate here that these development phases, which are related to the population dynamics of trees, play an important role in the distribution of fauna based on observations on frugivorous birds. In an area close to the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in Mexico, we studied the abundance of large forest bird species in relation to forest development phases, with a methodology that seems promising for ecological diagnosis and prognosis in forest management planning. Fine-scale forest mapping and bird counts were carried out in two block-transects of 40 m × 3000 m. Tree sampling in a sub-transect was used to generate population characteristics of trees. Large bird species preferred mature or senescent forest patches, whereas relatively young, growing forest patches were avoided. Important large tree species such as Manilkara zapota, Thouinia paucidentata, Guaiacum sanctum and Esenbeckia pentaphylla, characteristic of older forest patches, showed skewed size distributions indicating stress or overexploitation. The population of M. zapota, a key fruiting species that accounted for 26.5% of the total woody biomass, was most heavily affected by stress. A future collapse in the population of M. zapota, a decrease of the total area of older forest, and a decline in the abundance of large birds is likely if stress on the system continues at this level.  相似文献   

Marine Structure Derived Calcium Phosphate–Polymer Biocomposites for Local Antibiotic Delivery     

Innocent J. Macha  Sophie Cazalbou  Besim Ben-Nissan  Kate L. Harvey  Bruce Milthorpe 《Marine drugs》2015,13(1):666-680

Hydrothermally converted coralline hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles loaded with medically active substances were used to develop polylactic acid (PLA) thin film composites for slow drug delivery systems. The effects of HAp particles within PLA matrix on the gentamicin (GM) release and release kinetics were studied. The gentamicin release kinetics seemed to follow Power law Korsmeyer Peppas model with mainly diffusional process with a number of different drug transport mechanisms. Statistical analysis shows very significant difference on the release of gentamicin between GM containing PLA (PLAGM) and GM containing HAp microspheres within PLA matrix (PLAHApGM) devices, which PLAHApGM displays lower release rates. The use of HAp particles improved drug stabilization and higher drug encapsulation efficiency of the carrier. HAp is also the source of Ca²⁺ for the regeneration and repair of diseased bone tissue. The release profiles, exhibited a steady state release rate with significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (SH1000) even at high concentration of bacteria. The devices also indicated significant ability to control the growth of bacterial even after four weeks of drug release. Clinical release profiles can be easily tuned from drug-HAp physicochemical interactions and degradation kinetics of polymer matrix. The developed systems could be applied to prevent microbial adhesion to medical implant surfaces and to treat infections mainly caused by S. aureus in surgery.  相似文献   

The growth of larval cod and haddock in the Irish Sea: a model with temperature,prey size and turbulence forcing     

Sophie G. Pitois  Mike Armstrong 《Fisheries Oceanography》2014,23(5):417-435

We applied a physiological individual‐based model for the foraging and growth of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae, using observed temperature and prey fields data from the Irish Sea, collected during the 2006 spawning season. We used the model to estimate larval growth and survival and explore the different productivities of the cod and haddock stocks encountered in the Irish Sea. The larvae of both species showed similar responses to changes in environmental conditions (temperature, wind, prey availability, daylight hours) and better survival was predicted in the western Irish Sea, covering the spawning ground for haddock and about half of that for cod. Larval growth was predicted to be mostly prey‐limited, but exploration of stock recruitment data suggests that other factors are important to ensure successful recruitment. We suggest that the presence of a cyclonic gyre in the western Irish Sea, influencing the retention and/or dispersal of larvae from their spawning grounds, and the increasing abundance of clupeids adding predatory pressure on the eggs and larvae; both may play a key role. These two processes deserve more attention if we want to understand the mechanisms behind the recruitment of cod and haddock in the Irish Sea. For the ecosystem‐based management approach, there is a need to achieve a greater understanding of the interactions between species on the scale a fish stock is managed, and to work toward integrated fisheries management in particular when considering the effects of advection from spawning grounds and prey–predator reversal on the recovery of depleted stocks.  相似文献