Hydroxyethyl starch: extracellular cryophylactic agent for erythrocytes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C T Knorpp  W R Merchant  P W Gikas  H H Spencer  N W Thompson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,157(794):1312-1313

Studies in vitro indicate that hydroxyethyl starch is an effective extracellular cryoprotective agent for erythrocytes. It is as effective as polyvinylpyrrolidone in cryophylactic ability. It is degraded to glucose units in the circulation, is not retained in tissues, and is inexpensive to produce. Changes in the size and degree of hydroxyethylation of the branched-chain starch may result in a more effective cryoprotective agent.  相似文献   

INTERPRETATIONS OF THE ANOMALIES OF GRAVITY     

Spencer JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1914,39(1009):645-646

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The Iroquois Beach.--A Chapter in the History of Lake Ontario     

Spencer JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1888,11(260):49-50

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SIDE ISSUES BEARING ON THE AGE OF NIAGARA FALLS     

Spencer JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1908,28(726):754-759

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Pattern in escalations in insurgent and terrorist activity     

Johnson N  Carran S  Botner J  Fontaine K  Laxague N  Nuetzel P  Turnley J  Tivnan B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6038):81-84

In military planning, it is important to be able to estimate not only the number of fatalities but how often attacks that result in fatalities will take place. We uncovered a simple dynamical pattern that may be used to estimate the escalation rate and timing of fatal attacks. The time difference between fatal attacks by insurgent groups within individual provinces in both Afghanistan and Iraq, and by terrorist groups operating worldwide, gives a potent indicator of the later pace of lethal activity.  相似文献   

Cool water: demonstration of a clean and efficient new coal technology     

Spencer DF  Alpert SB  Gilman HH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4750):609-612

Cool Water, the world's first commercial-scale, integrated coal gasification combined cycle power plant, has been operating successfully since May 1984 near Barstow, California. The 100-megawatt plant, which was completed ahead of schedule and under budget, is probably the cleanest coal-fired power generating facility now in commercial operation. An ongoing demonstration program at Cool Water shows that future baseload power plants that use this technology can be built modularly in increments of a few hundred megawatts and compete economically with much larger, conventional coal-fired power plants equipped for flue gas desulfurization.  相似文献   

Comment on "Organics captured from comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft"     

Spencer MK  Zare RN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5845):1680; author reply 1680

Sandford et al. (Reports, 15 December 2006, p. 1720) reported on organic compounds captured from Comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft. We emphasize the difficulty in assigning the origin of compounds detected diffusely along particle impact tracks and show that rapid heating of aerogel that has never been exposed to cometary particle capture can generate complex aromatic molecules from low-mass carbon impurities present in the aerogel.  相似文献   

Manned Mars expedition     

Spencer KC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4828):732

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Materials science. Sweet, hairy, soft, and slippery     

Lee S  Spencer ND 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5863):575-576

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Electrons in finite-sized water cavities: hydration dynamics observed in real time     

Paik DH  Lee IR  Yang DS  Baskin JS  Zewail AH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5696):672-675

We directly observed the hydration dynamics of an excess electron in the finite-sized water clusters of (H2O)n- with n = 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35. We initiated the solvent motion by exciting the hydrated electron in the cluster. By resolving the binding energy of the excess electron in real time with femtosecond resolution, we captured the ultrafast dynamics of the electron in the presolvated ("wet") and hydrated states and obtained, as a function of cluster size, the subsequent relaxation times. The solvation time (300 femtoseconds) after the internal conversion [140 femtoseconds for (H2O)35-] was similar to that of bulk water, indicating the dominant role of the local water structure in the dynamics of hydration. In contrast, the relaxation in other nuclear coordinates was on a much longer time scale (2 to 10 picoseconds) and depended critically on cluster size.  相似文献