Early central andean metalworking from mina perdida, peru     

RL Burger  RB Gordon 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5391):1108-1111

Copper and gold artifacts in contexts dated to approximately 3120 to 3020 carbon-14 years before the present ( approximately 1410 to 1090 calendar years B.C.) recovered in excavations at Mina Perdida, Lurin Valley, Peru, show that artisans hammered native metals into thin foils, in some cases with intermediate anneals. They gilded copper artifacts by attaching gold foil. The artifacts show that fundamental elements of the Andean metallurgical tradition were developed before the Chavin horizon, and that on the Peruvian coast the working of native copper preceded the production of smelted copper objects.  相似文献   

Swinepox in pigs in northern Western Australia     

TF JUBB  TM ELLIS  RL PEET  J. PARKINSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(4):99-99

  相似文献   

Synergistic effects of regional climate patterns and local water management on freshwater mussel communities     

Heather S. Galbraith  Daniel E. Spooner  Caryn C. Vaughn 《Biological conservation》2010,143(5):1175-1183

Human alterations to aquatic ecosystems are leading to decreases in species richness and biomass and subsequent changes in community composition. In many cases species losses are non-random: species with traits poorly adapted to the new environmental conditions suffer greater losses. We used long-term data from a southern US river, the Kiamichi River, to evaluate the synergistic effects of regional climate patterns coupled with water management practices on freshwater mussel communities. Mussel communities in the river changed over the 15 year period of this study, with overall densities and species richness decreasing and community structure shifting from assemblages dominated by thermally sensitive to thermally tolerant species. These changes corresponded with a period of very low flows in the river caused by a combination of climate patterns (a regional drought) and local water management practices (decreased reservoir releases). These low flows, coupled with high summer air temperatures, changed the river in many locations from a continuously flowing river to a series of shallow, isolated pools where water temperatures sometimes exceeded 40 °C. Altered conditions led to higher mortality rates of thermally sensitive compared to tolerant species. We predict future shifts in river ecosystem function as mussel communities change in response to changing climate and water management.  相似文献   

Case-control study of orf in preweaned lambs and an assessment of the financial impact of the disease     

Lovatt FM  Barker WJ  Brown D  Spooner RK 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(26):673

Orf, a viral disease which causes proliferative skin lesions around the mouths of lambs and on the teats of ewes, has long been assumed to have production-limiting consequences. This case-control study involved the collection of data from naturally occurring outbreaks of orf in young lambs on eight commercial farms in north-east England. Measurements of weight were taken and orf lesions were scored on a numerical scale for 44 orf-affected lambs, matched to unaffected controls within the same group. Data from corresponding ewes were available from five farms. Paired t tests showed that affected lambs weighed approximately 10 per cent less than their unaffected controls for a period of at least five weeks following the start of the outbreak. The effects were highly significant whether the orf lesions affected the mouth or were found elsewhere on the body. If a lamb had orf, then there was a 82 per cent chance that its mother also had orf on its udder or teats. The financial consequences of orf in young lambs were estimated using average UK figures and conservative assumptions based on the results of this study.  相似文献   

Expression of mRNA Encoding the LH Receptor (LHR) and LHR Binding Protein in Granulosa Cells from Nelore (Bos indicus) Heifers Around Follicle Deviation          下载免费PDF全文

RL Ereno  B Loureiro  ACS Castilho  MF Machado  MF Pegorer  RA Satrapa  MFG Nogueira  J Buratini  CM Barros 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(6):952-957

  相似文献   

Effects of soil disturbance from roadworks on roadside shrubs in a fragmented agricultural landscape   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter G. Spooner  Ian D. Lunt  David Freudenberger 《Biological conservation》2004,117(4):393-406

We investigated how soil disturbance from roadworks affects the population structures of roadside shrubs in an agricultural landscape of southern New South Wales, Australia. Size structures of Acacia pycnantha, A. montana and A. decora were assessed, and a separate dendroecological study undertaken. On a regional scale, populations were expanding, but classification of structures showed distinct groups of colonising, stable and senescent populations. Soil disturbance from previous roadworks was recorded in 88% of populations, and there was a significant relationship between major recruitment and roadworks events in Acacia populations situated along bitumen roads. For Acacia species, soil disturbance from roadworks are analogous to periodic disturbance from a natural fire regime, which in conjunction with historical changes in grazing pressure, are suggested as the main causes of increased Acacia recruitment. Ongoing management of disturbance regimes in roadside environments may be critical to Acacia persistence and associated fauna habitat.  相似文献   

The use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tropical theileriosis research in Morocco     

M. Kachani  E. J. Flach  S. Williamson  H. Ouhelli  M. El Hasnaoui  R. L. Spooner 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1996,26(3-4):329-339

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using sonicated purified Theileria annulata piroplasms was compared with an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) during a vaccination trial in cattle to test different doses and passage numbers of an attenuated T. annulata-infected lymphoblastoid cell-line, and also with Giemsa-stained blood smears during an epidemiological field study of tropical theileriosis in Morocco. The sensitivities of both the ELISA (0.56) and the IFAT using T. annulata piroplasm antigen (0.56) were lower than the IFAT using schizont antigen (0.94) for detecting serum antibodies from 18 cattle immunised 38 days previously with cell-line. The ELISA was, however, the most sensitive test after 180 days (0.50 compared with 0.06 for the piroplasm IFAT and 0.39 for the schizont IFAT), and each test detected antibodies in all sera after challenge with live T. annulata sporozoites. There were minor differences in the ability of blood smear examinations and the ELISA to detect infected and uninfected cattle in the field study at the start and end of the disease season. Initially, the sensitivity and specificity of blood smears were both 0.96 and for the ELISA were 0.83 and 0.86, whereas at the end of the season sensitivity and specificity of blood smears were 0.96 and 0.86 and for the ELISA were 0.95 and 0.94. The specificity of the ELISA was affected by the presence of calves with colostral antibodies, and if these were disregarded the specificities before and after the season were 0.94 and 1.00.  相似文献   

Plant genetic resources of Nepal: A guide for plant breeders of agricultural, horticultural and forestry crops     

Pramod K. Jha  Krishna K. Shrestha  Madhusudan P. Upadhyay  Dennis P. Stimart  David M. Spooner 《Euphytica》1996,87(3):189-210

Summary Nepal is rich in indigenous wild and landrace plant genetic resources for agronomic, horticultural, forestry, or medicinal uses, but much of this germplasm remains uncollected and awaits economic development. We list 485 entries (species, or genera for ornamental plants) in 14 categories, and compare these to existing germplasm collections in Nepal and the United States to highlight collection and conservation needs. To help plant plant collecting, we outline the key botanical and logistical data and legal framework for planning field work in Nepal.  相似文献   

PEAR BLIGHT WIND BORNE     

Stevens FL  Ruth WA  Spooner CS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1918,48(1244):449-450

  相似文献   

Revaccination with the sameTheileria annulata infected cell line may not be feasible for boosting immunity against tropical theileriosis     

Nichani  Anil K.  Brown  C. G. D.  Spooner  Roger L. 《Tropical animal health and production》1997,29(4):114S-118S

Tropical Animal Health and Production - A model for studying re-immunisation using skin grafting was developed as the allogeneic responses produced byT. annulata cell lines were similar to those...  相似文献