The Effects of the Periodical Use of In-feed Chlortetracycline on the Reproductive Performance of Gilts and Sows of a Commercial Pig Farm with a History of Clinical and Subclinical Viral and Bacterial Infections   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C Alexopoulos  GC Fthenakis  A Burriel  E Bourtzi-Hatzopoulou  SK Kritas  A Sbiraki  SC Kyriakis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2003,38(3):187-192

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of in‐feed chlortetracycline (CTC) as a measure of preventing or minimizing infectious problems of reproductive failure in gilts and sows. In a farm of 400 Large White × Landrace gilts and sows with a clinical history of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS) virus, the animals were treated with CTC. Treatment consisted of 10 g CTC sow/day for 15 days every 3 months. It improved the health status of sows by decreasing post‐farrowing clinical mastitis and vaginal discharges, abortions, return‐to‐oestrus and irregular return‐to‐oestrus rates. These beneficial effects had a positive impact on the performance of the litter. More piglets were born live and weaned. These positive effects improved with repeated use of CTC. The serological evidence of PRRS virus, Leptospira spp. and Chlamydia spp. and the subsequent beneficial use of the antimicrobial agent indicate that reproductive failure, possibly resulting from the bacterial agents can be controlled with in‐feed use of broad spectrum antimicrobials.  相似文献   

Blood concentrations of 2,3-butanedione monoxime and some blood biochemical changes inbubalus bubalis after intramuscular administration of this cholinesterase reactivator     

J. K. Malik  A. K. Srivastava 《Veterinary research communications》1987,11(3):275-280

The blood levels of cholinesterase reactivator 2,3-butanedione monoxime were determined in buffalo calves following single intramuscular doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg body weight. Blood cholinesterases and other enzymatic activities were monitored at various times. The drug was rapidly absorbed with half-life of 0.09–0.12 h. The peak 2,3-butanedione monoxime blood concentrations of 24.7±0.3 and 38.9±1.7 ug/ml occurred at 10 min after 20 and 50 mg/kg doses, respectively. The elimination half-life varied between 3.05±0.12 and 3.80±0.19 h. Lack of adverse effect of 2,3-butanedione monoxime on blood cholinesterases and other enzymes indicated that intramuscular doses as high as 50 mg/kg may be safely employed in buffaloes.  相似文献   

The role of ascorbic acid and cysteine hydrochloride on fertility rates of liquid semen.     

N S Tomar  K C Sharma  K B Sharma  K N Srivastava  B P Singh 《The Indian veterinary journal》1979,56(3):163-167

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The role of lipoteichoic acids on the adherence of Streptococcus equi to epithelial cells     

Satish K. Srivastava  Donald A. Barnum 《Veterinary microbiology》1983,8(5):485-492

The effect of the presence of lipoteichoic acids (LTA) on a strain of Streptococcus equi was investigated. The LTA were extracted in a crude form from the S. equi strain and were found to sensitize sheep red blood cells so that they agglutinated with antibodies specific to purified LTA of group A streptococci. The crude LTA preparation was also able to inhibit the specific haemagglutination reaction involving group A streptococcal LTA and LTA antibodies. Neither the purified LTA from group A streptococci nor the anti-LTA serum interfered with the adherence of S. equi to equine epithelial cells.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of cefotaxime in cross-bred calves following single intramuscular administration     

S. K. Sharma  A. K. Srivastava 《Veterinary research communications》1994,18(4):313-318

The pharmacokinetics, penetration into erythrocytes and plasma protein binding of cefotaxime were investigated in cross-bred calves. Following a single intramuscular dose of cefotaxime (10 mg/kg), the absorption half-life and elimination half-life were 0.13±0.03 h and 2.97±0.72 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance were 3.28±0.72 L/kg and 0.78±0.08 L/kg per h, respectively. The extent of penetration into erythrocytes was 24–40% of the total blood concentration. Cefotaxime was bound to plasma proteins of calves to the extent of 25.5–33.6%. A satisfactory intramuscular dosage regimen for cefotaxime in calves would be 11 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg at 7 h intervals.Abbreviations ATCC American type cell culture - MIC minimum inhibitory concentration - PCV packed cell volume  相似文献   

Cell Membrane Stability in Relation to Drought Tolerance in Wheat Genotypes     

M. Singh    J. P. Srivastava  A. Kumar 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1992,168(3):186-190

Genotyptc differences in wheat were observed in cell membrane with respect to injury caused by osmotic shock created with 40 per cent polyethylene glycol-6000. In general, genotypes with high cell membrane injury also registered much reduction in leaf water potential and osmotic potential. Cell membrane injury measured at 25 days after germination was found to be related with genotypic performance under drought conditions in field. Cell membrane stability measurements of normal plants, even at a very early stage of growth, is reported as criteria for selecting drought tolerant wheat genotypes.  相似文献   

Prevalent Serotypes of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Different Animal and Avian Species in India     

Kumar AA  Shivachandra SB  Biswas A  Singh VP  Singh VP  Srivastava SK 《Veterinary research communications》2004,28(8):657-667

Identification and estimation of the prevalence of Pasteurella multocida organisms in different animal and avian species in India during November 2000 to July 2003 was carried out. Out of 418 samples collected from different outbreaks suspected to be caused by P. multocida, a total of 206 bacterial cultures were identified as P. multocida on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. All the 206 cultures were isolated from different domestic animal species (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and rabbit), avian species (chicken, duck, quail, turkey, goose) and wild animals such as leopard and deer. Serotyping of P. multocida cultures revealed the presence of various serotypes (A:1, A:3, A:1,3, A:4, B:2, D:1 and -:1) among the livestock population. P. multocida polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay applied on different forms of bacterial cultures (bacterial culture lysate, direct bacterial colony and mixed bacterial culture lysate) yielded an amplified product of approximately 460 bp specific for P. multocida. The results of PCR assay correlated well with conventional methods of identification. The present investigation revealed the presence of varied serotypes among livestock and PCR assay was found to be useful for rapid, sensitive and specific diagnosis of pasteurellosis in animals and avian species.  相似文献   

Identification of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida in India by conventional and PCR assays   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shivachandra SB  Kumar AA  Gautam R  Singh VP  Saxena MK  Srivastava SK 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,172(3):561-564

The prevalence of capsular and somatic serotypes were studied among 123 Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from chickens (n = 94), ducks (22), quails (4), turkeys (2) and geese (1) from different geographical regions of India. All strains exhibited similar cultural and morphological characteristics. Ninety-two of the isolates belonged to serotype A:1, the most prevalent serotype, with serotypes A:3, A:1,3, D:3 and F:3 having two isolates each. Only one isolate was positive for serotypes A:4 and D:1. Twenty isolates were untyped. A multiplex capsular PCR assay generated amplicons of sizes 460, 1044, 657 and 854 bp in 106 isolates identified as capsular serotype-A, 15 in serotype D and two in serotype F. Capsular types B and E were not detected in any of the avian isolates studied. The present findings suggest that a multiplex capsular PCR assay may be suitable for the rapid initial identification serotypes P. multocida during epidemiological studies of fowl cholera.  相似文献   

Predators accelerate nutrient cycling in a bromeliad ecosystem     

Ngai JT  Srivastava DS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5801):963

Conventional ecological theory predicts that predators affect nutrient cycling by decreasing the abundance or activity of prey. By using a predator-detritivore-detritus food chain in bromeliads, we show that predators can increase nutrient cycling by a previously undescribed, but broadly applicable, mechanism: reducing nutrient export by prey emigration. Contrary to expectations, predation on detritivores increases detrital nitrogen uptake by bromeliads. Predation reduces detritivore emergence and hence export of nitrogen from the system. Detritivores therefore benefit their host plant, but only when predators are present. More generally, our results show that predator loss or extinction can dramatically and unexpectedly affect ecosystem functioning.  相似文献   

Bioactivity guided isolation of antipsychotic constituents from the leaves of Rauwolfia tetraphylla L     

Gupta S  Khanna VK  Maurya A  Bawankule DU  Shukla RK  Pal A  Srivastava SK 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(6):1092-1099

This study was undertaken to ascertain the antipsychotic properties of Rauwolfia tetraphylla L. leaves and to isolate and characterize the antipsychotic constituents. Among the MeOH extract and some alkaloidal fractions at different pHs, the alkaloidal CHCl(3) fraction at pH-9 (2C) showed the highest antipsychotic activity against dopaminergic (DA-D(2)) and serotonergic (5-HT(2A)) receptors in-vitro and amphetamine induced hyperactive mouse model in-vivo. The activity guided isolation of CHCl(3) fraction (2C) afforded six indole alkaloids: 10-methoxytetrahydroalstonine (1), isoreserpiline (2), an isomeric mixture of 11-demethoxyreserpiline (3) and 10-demethoxyreserpiline (4), α-yohimbine (5) and reserpiline (6). Given orally, alkaloids 3-6 showed significant antipsychotic activity in a dose dependent manner. None of the extract, alkaloidal fractions or alkaloids showed any extra pyramidal symptoms at the tested doses. It was also observed that MeOH extract was behaving similar to other clinically used novel atypical antipsychotics in having 5-HT(2A) occupancy greater than the DA-D(2) receptor at the tested doses. Further toxicity and safety evaluation studies of MeOH extracts of R. tetraphylla leaves at different doses (10, 100, 300 and 2000 mg/kg) on female Swiss albino mice showed that MeOH extract is non toxic. The isolated alkaloids, 3-6 could serve as a promising lead structure for drug development of treating psychotic conditions in human.  相似文献