Detection of genes with moderate effects on disease resistance using ovine mhc and resistance to nematodes as an example     

Stear MJ  Belch A  Donskow-Schmelter K  Fitton LA  Innocent GT  Ishikane C  Mateus A  Murphy L  Rennie K  Smith A  Sayers G 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,120(1-2):3-9

Detecting some of the genes that influence disease resistance would improve our understanding of the processes that cause disease and also simplify disease control. Genes within the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) are strong candidates for disease resistance and they have been intensely studied for the last 30 years. Recently, several groups working independently have reported the existence of alleles within the mhc that are associated with enhanced resistance to nematode infection. This article uses hindsight to describe some of the potential pitfalls that hinder the search for valid disease resistance genes. The search requires a good understanding of disease biology, molecular genetics, statistical genetics and especially, the design and analysis of experiments. The power to detect mhc effects is quite low and is quite sensitive to the frequency of the putative resistance alleles.  相似文献   

Crop and soil response to subsoil loosening, deep incorporation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and subsequent soil management on a range of soil types.: Part 2: Soil structural conditions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

G.C. Soane  R.J. Godwin  MJ. Marks  G. Spoor 《Soil Use and Management》1987,3(3):123-130

Abstract. In a series of experiments on 16 sites both a power-driven rotary-tine Wye Double Digger and a rigid tine winged subsoiler produced significant subsoil loosening and fissuring. The Double Digger consistently produced the greatest clod breakdown together with the least soil bulk densities and cone penetration resistances. Management strategies after loosening had an important influence on the longevity of the loosening effect. The rate of recompaction was least with controlled traffic and bed systems and increased with random traffic and with the growing of root crops. No significant differences in crop response were monitored between the two loosening treatments, yield response depending largely on the extent of moisture stress experienced by the crop. Loosening on silty soils reduced yields in wet seasons and this was associated with soil structural instability. Visual soil profile examination is necessary to support bulk density and cone penetration resistance measurements when assessing soil compaction.  相似文献   

Reply     

MJ STUDDERT 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(1):40-40

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The antibody response to bovine lymphocyte alloantigens     

M J Newman  M J Stear 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1983,4(5-6):615-631

Antibodies were raised against lymphocyte cell-surface antigens by multiple immunisations with purified lymphocytes or by the exchange of skin allografts. Eighteen of 21 cattle immunised with lymphocytes raised a detectable cytotoxic antibody response. The serum antibody from 10 responders recognized only common lymphocyte antigens, those antigens which are present on all peripheral blood lymphocytes. One animal responded only to B lymphocyte antigens while 7 others responded to both classes of antigens. The amount of antibody produced varied greatly between individuals; antibody titres ranged from 1 to 1028. Antibody raised early in the response was sensitive to treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) suggesting that IgM was the predominant class of immunoglobulin. Subsequently antibody became resistant to this treatment suggesting the appearance of IgG. The antibody responses following the exchange of skin grafts were very similar in all 12 cattle studied. High titred antibody to common lymphocyte antigens was detected in the serum 14 days after grafting. The early antibody activity was sensitive to 2-ME treatment but became totally resistant within 14 days. Total peak antibody titres ranged from 128-2048. Antibody to B lymphocyte antigens was identified in 8 of the 12 cattle. The responses to B lymphocyte antigens were similar to those against the more widely distributed common lymphocyte antigens with respect to time of antibody appearance, time of peak titre and sensitivity to 2-ME. Peak titres ranged from 2 to 32. The change in antibody specificity with time was also studied. Sera from 11 of the 18 cattle which had responded against lymphocytes showed an increase or broadening in reaction frequency as immunisations increased, suggesting the production of antibody to secondary specificities. In the cattle which had been skin grafted, the broadest reaction patterns were seen 14 to 21 days after grafting. The broadest reaction patterns were seen when the antibody responses were at their highest titre levels and narrowed as titres decreased.  相似文献   

Serotypes of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in Australian pigs, small ruminants, poultry, and captive wild birds and animals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GJ EAMENS  MJ TURNER  RE CATT 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(8):249-252

Serotypes of 93 Australian isolates of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from diseased domestic animals and poultry and a variety of captive wild birds and animals were determined by double diffusion gel precipitation. Two isolates, from the faeces of a swallow were also examined. Serotypes 1a, 1b and 2 were isolated from pigs and serotypes 1a, 1b, 2, 5, 15 and 21 from sheep or goats. Erysipelas in poultry was attributed to serotypes 1b, 5, 15 and 16. In captive wild birds serotypes 1b, 5, 6, 8, 14, 21 and an isolate reactive with antiserum to strain Seehecht were associated with septicaemic deaths. Single isolates from tissues of a bilby (Macrotis lagotis), black rat (Rattus rattus), brown snake (Pseudechis australis) and a bandicoot (Isoodon macrouris) were classified as serotypes 4, 4, 7, and 10 respectively. Six isolates were not able to be typed. Serotype 1b was the most widely distributed and most common (28%), being associated with disease in pigs, sheep, poultry and wild birds. Serotypes 1a or 2 were found in a more restricted range of animals, being commonly associated with erysipelas in pigs, less commonly in sheep and infrequently in other species. From diseased pigs, 26 of 33 isolates (79%) were serotypes 1a and 1b.  相似文献   

Letter: Efficacy of modified live-virus equine rhinopneumonitis vaccine.     

R L Stear  E P Bass  W H Beckenhauer 《American journal of veterinary research》1976,37(3):349-351

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Preparation of B lymphocyte-specific alloantisera by skin implant immunization of cattle.     

J T Mackie  M J Stear 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1992,30(2-3):305-311

B lymphocyte-specific antisera were prepared by immunizing cattle on either one or two occasions with a subcutaneous implant of allogeneic skin and subsequently absorbing the antisera with platelets. After absorption 15/26 antisera displayed B lymphocyte-specific activity. Titres against B-enriched cells were 8-64 while residual titres against B-depleted cells were 1-8. In comparison, 3-6 immunizations with allogeneic leucocytes produced antisera of similar peak cytotoxic titres against donor PBL, and after platelet absorption 8/15 antisera displayed B lymphocyte-specific activity. Titres against B-enriched cells were 8-64 while residual titres against B-depleted cells were 2-8. The skin implant method was less time-consuming than the leucocyte immunization method.  相似文献   

Osteochondrosis of the elbow: a review of the pathogenesis and a new approach to treatment     

MJ THOMSON  GM ROBINS 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(10):375-378

SUMMARY To test the hypothesis that joint incongruity contributes to the pathogenesis of elbow osteochondrosis, the left and right radius and ulna of 20 young large breed dogs were measured to determine any variation in length and to observe any incongruity of the elbow joint. Both lame and normal dogs were included in the study. Nine of the 20 dogs had marked disparity in radial and ulnar lengths yet only one had obvious elbow joint incongruity. The use of a sliding osteotomy for the treatment of fragmented coronoid process and a lengthening osteotomy for the treatment of an ununited anconeal process is also discussed. All four dogs treated with a sliding osteotomy showed a marked clinical improvement, and two of the three dogs treated with a lengthening osteotomy showed radiographic fusion of the anconeal process.  相似文献   

Papilloma of the ears of calves following tattooing     

MJ STUDDERT  K. McCOY  MB ALLWORTH  P. STAPLES 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(12):399-399

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Feline lymphosarcoma treatment trial     

MJ STUDDERT 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(10):351-351

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