High‐oil residue camelina meal,a viable source of protein at low levels in diets for juvenile salmonids     

Minmin Wei  Derek M. Anderson  Zeyu Zhang  Stefanie M. Colombo 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(2):558-567

The oilseed Camelina sativa has been studied as a lipid source for farmed salmonids, but recommended inclusion as a protein source has not been determined. This study evaluated low inclusion of camelina high‐oil residue meal (HORM) at 20, 40 and 60 g/kg of the diet, to determine an adequate level for Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Salmon and trout were fed experimental diets containing up to 60 g/kg HORM for 16 weeks. At 40 g/kg HORM, trout and salmon growth performance were similar to those fed a control diet. However, at 60 g/kg HORM, trout showed lower final weight, weight gain and feed intake than those fed the control diet. Rainbow trout fed 40 and 60 g/kg HORM showed significantly lower whole body ash (p = .005), slightly lower whole body protein levels and higher fat than the control. In salmon fed 60 g/kg HORM diets, whole body ash (p = .024), and the submucosal layer of the intestine was thicker than the control (p = .007). Current results indicate that up to 40 g/kg HORM can be included in diets for rainbow trout and salmon juveniles.  相似文献   

Effects of Corbicula fluminea on the nutrient concentration and phytoplankton biomass of tropical reservoirs     

Chappell  Jessica  Whitmire  Stefanie  Sotomayor-Ramírez  David  Martínez-Rodríguez  Gustavo 《International Aquatic Research》2019,11(4):401-415

International Aquatic Research - Invasive bivalves are known to negatively impact aquatic ecosystems across the globe. Previous research has demonstrated invasive bivalves can shift nutrients from...  相似文献   

Biological activity and organic matter mineralization of soils amended with biowaste composts     

Jens Leifeld  Stefanie Siebert  Ingrid Kgel‐Knabner 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2002,165(2):151-159

This study aims to elucidate the significance of compost and soil characteristics for the biological activity of compost‐amended soils. Two agricultural soils (Ap horizon, loamy arable Orthic Luvisol and Ah horizon, sandy meadow Dystric Cambisol) and a humus‐free sandy mineral substrate were amended with two biowaste composts of different maturity in a controlled microcosm system for 18 months at 5 °C and 14 °C, respectively. Compost application increased the organic matter mineralization, the C_mic : C_org ratio, and the metabolic quotients significantly in all treatments. The total amount of C_org mineralized ranged from < 1 % (control plots) to 20 % (compost amended Dystric Cambisol). Incubation at 14 °C resulted in 2.7‐ to 4‐fold higher cumulative C_org mineralization compared to 5 °C. The C_mic : C_org ratios of the compost‐amended plots declined rapidly during the first 6 months and reached a similar range as the control plots at the end of the experiment. This effect may identify the compost‐derived microbial biomass as an easily degradable C source. Decreasing mineralization rates and metabolic quotients indicated a shift from a compost‐derived to a soil‐adapted microbial community. The C_org mineralization of the compost amended soils was mainly regulated by the compost maturity and the soil texture (higher activity in the sandy textured soils). The pattern of biological activity in the compost‐amended mineral substrate did not differ markedly from that of the compost‐amended agricultural soils, showing that the turnover of compost‐derived organic matter dominated the overall decay process in each soil. However, a priming effect occurring for the Dystric Cambisol indicated, that the effect of compost application may be soil specific.  相似文献   

Welchen Einfluss haben invasive Pflanzenarten auf die Phytodiversität von renaturierten Flusslandschaften?     

Katharina Lapin  Karl-Georg Bernhardt  Peter Lichtenwöhrer  Stefanie Roithmayr 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2015,67(2):75-82

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Diagnosis of Pulmonary Arterio-Venous Fistula and Persistent Left Cranial Vena Cava by 3-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Reconstruction     

S.D. Jenni  M.A. Makara  R. Jenni  S. Ohlerth  T.M. Glaus 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(1):190-195

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Protein adsorption on nano-scaled, rippled TiO2 and Si surfaces     

J Sommerfeld  J Richter  R Niepelt  S Kosan  TF Keller  KD Jandt  C Ronning 《Biointerphases》2012,7(1-4):55

We synthesized nano-scaled periodic ripple patterns on silicon and titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) surfaces by xenon ion irradiation, and performed adsorption experiments with human plasma fibrinogen (HPF) on such surfaces as a function of the ripple wavelength. Atomic force microscopy showed the adsorption of HPF in mostly globular conformation on crystalline and amorphous flat Si surfaces as well as on nano-structured Si with long ripple wavelengths. For short ripple wavelengths the proteins seem to adsorb in a stretched formation and align across or along the ripples. In contrast to that, the proteins adsorb in a globular assembly on flat and long-wavelength rippled TiO(2), but no adsorbed proteins could be observed on TiO(2) with short ripple wavelengths due to a decrease of the adsorption energy caused by surface curvature. Consequently, the adsorption behavior of HPF can be tuned on biomedically interesting materials by introducing a nano-sized morphology while not modifying the stoichiometry/chemistry.  相似文献   

Experimental evaluation of four airway devices in anaesthetized New Zealand White rabbits     

Sandra Wenger  Désirée Müllhaupt  Stefanie Ohlerth  Sarah Prasse  Karina Klein  Bianca da Silva Valente  Martina Mosing 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):529-537

Objective

To compare airway management during induction of anaesthesia, spontaneous ventilation (SV) and controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), using an endotracheal tube (ETT), laryngeal mask (LM), rabbit-specific supraglottic airway device (v-gel) or facemask (FM).

Study design

Prospective randomized crossover experiment.

Animals

Ten New Zealand White rabbits.

Methods

After premedication, rabbits were randomly allocated to four groups: 1) ETT; 2) LM; 3) v-gel or 4) FM. The required dose of propofol, duration and number of attempts to place an airway device and leakage during SV and CMV at different peak inspiratory pressures (6, 10, 12, 14 and 16 cmH₂O) were recorded. Computed tomography (CT) of the head, neck and abdomen were performed before and after CMV.

Results

Significantly less propofol and time [2.0 ± 0.5 mg kg^?1, 82 ± 34 seconds, p < 0.001] were needed to place the FM compared to the three other groups [v-gel 5.1 ± 2.1 mg kg^?1, 302 ± 124 seconds; LM 4.8 ± 1.2 mg kg^?1, 275 ± 89 seconds; ETT 5.5 ± 1.4 mg kg^?1, 315 ± 147 seconds]. A leak > 25% of the tidal volume occurred at the lowest pressure in FM [median (range), 6 (6–8) cmH₂O], which was significantly lower than with v-gel [16 (6–no leak at 16) cmH₂O], LM [>16 (6–no leak at 16)] or ETT [>16 (no leak at 16) cmH₂O] (p < 0.001). On CT images, the height and width of the larynx were significantly smaller with v-gel in comparison to FM and LM (p = 0.004). A significant increase in the amount of gas in the stomach (p = 0.007), but not gastric volume, was detected in FM and LM.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The v-gel is a practical alternative to LM and ETT for airway management and CMV, but can compress the larynx. The FM is easily placed, but significant leakage occurs during CMV.  相似文献   

Analysis of soil microbial communities based on amplicon sequencing of marker genes     

Anne?Sch?ler  Samuel?Jacquiod  Gisle?Vestergaard  Stefanie?Schulz  Michael?SchloterEmail author 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2017,53(5):485-489

The use of cultivation independent methods has revolutionized soil biology in the last decades. Most popular approaches are based on directly extracted DNA from soil and subsequent analysis of PCR-amplified marker genes by next-generation sequencing. While these high-throughput methods offer novel possibilities over cultivation-based approaches, several key points need to be considered to minimize potential biases during library preparation and downstream bioinformatic analysis. This opinion paper highlights crucial steps that should be considered for accurate analysis and data interpretation.  相似文献   

Lack of Native Vegetation Recovery Following Biological Control of Leafy Spurge     

Jack L. Butler  Stefanie D. Wacker 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2010,63(5):553-563

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is an aggressive exotic species that has been successfully suppressed in a variety of situations using classical biological control (flea beetles; Aphthona spp.). This 9-yr study investigated patterns of vegetation responses following significant reductions in leafy spurge cover and density by flea beetles in southeastern Montana. We hypothesized that the vegetation following leafy spurge suppression would be dominated by species and plant functional groups able to persist through heavy infestations. Flea beetles were first released in 1998, and by 2006 leafy spurge foliar cover was reduced 80% to 90% compared to 1998 values on both release and nonrelease plots. Although total cover of the resident vegetation, excluding leafy spurge, increased 72% to 88%, relative cover of the functional groups (native forbs, native sedges, native grasses, and non-native species) was similar among years and between release and nonrelease plots. Mean diversity and mean species richness values did not differ among years or between release and nonrelease plots (P < 0.05), but mean diversity on both release and nonrelease plots was significantly less than noninfested plots, although richness was similar (P < 0.05). Indicator species analysis revealed that non-native Poa spp. replaced leafy spurge as the dominant species on release and nonrelease plots. Conversely, noninfested plots contained a variety of native species with high indicator values. Although total abundance of the resident vegetation in 2006 was significantly greater than 1998, plant species composition and relative cover showed little change for the duration of the study. Failure of the native vegetation to recover to a community that approached nearby noninfested conditions may be attributed to a variety of interacting scenarios, some of which may be ameliorated by treating infestations as soon as possible to avoid long-term residual effects.  相似文献   

Drivers of bryophyte diversity allow implications for forest management with a focus on climate change     

Stefanie Raabe  Jörg Müller  Michael Manthey  Oliver Dürhammer  Ulrich Teuber  Axel Göttlein  Bernhard Förster  Roland Brandl  Claus Bässler 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

Understanding the major drivers of diversity in forests is crucial for ecologists, conservationists, and particularly forest managers. In most forested habitats, bryophytes are diverse and important primary producers. Here we report the first study of the relative importance of regional macroclimate as compared to local variables on abundance, species richness, and community composition of bryophytes growing in soil and in dead wood in a mountain temperate forest. Using PCA axes, we built predictor sets for macroclimate, microclimate, soil attributes, and dead wood availability. The explanatory power of each set was tested using variance partitioning. Abundance and species richness of soil bryophytes was best explained by microclimate, whereas the community composition did not distinctively differ between the environmental sets. In contrast, dead wood bryophyte abundance, species richness, and community composition was clearly driven by macroclimate. Among the single axes, the component represented best by soil moisture was the main driver for soil bryophyte abundance. In contrast, dead wood bryophyte abundance was mostly affected by components correlated with minimum global radiation and minimum temperatures as well as by the component represented by dead wood. The component represented by canopy openness was superior in explaining the community composition of both soil and dead wood bryophytes. We conclude that (1) dead wood amounts should be increased in closed stands to act as a buffer during climate changes, and (2) open canopy, which provides important habitats for soil-inhabiting bryophytes, should be provided by management with slow reforestation after natural or logging openings.  相似文献