Materials science. Fluctuations in plasticity at the microscale     

Miguel MC  Zapperi S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5777):1151-1152

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The effect of crate height on the behavior of female turkeys during commercial pre‐slaughter transportation          下载免费PDF全文

Guido Di Martino  Katia Capello  Anna Lisa Stefani  Luca Tripepi  Angelica Garbo  Marina Speri  Matteo Trolese  Michele Brichese  Stefano Marangon  Lebana Bonfanti 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(10):1651-1657

Limited information is available on suitable height of transport crates for turkeys. We compared behaviors and physiological indicators of four groups of 10 female turkeys each confined in either conventional (38.5 cm height) or experimental (77 cm height) crates during six commercial pre‐slaughter transportations for 86 km (76 ± 4 min) along two tracts with one‐lane streets, crossroads, bends, roundabouts (S1 and S2) and a highway tract (H) between S1 and S2. Only 36% of birds in the higher crates maintained a standing position. In conventional versus experimental crates, the frequency of rising attempts was five/bird/hour versus less than one/bird/hour, while wing flapping was seven/bird/hour versus 20/bird/hour, and balance loss was one versus four/bird/hour. The behaviors of both groups differed significantly according to the route tract, with a lower frequency of stress‐related behaviors at H. No scratches, fractures or hematomas were detected in any birds after transportation. Crate height had no significant effect on hemato‐biochemical markers. These results suggest that crates enabling a standing position may increase potentially dangerous behaviors. Moreover, busy and curvy routes should be avoided, as they may contribute to increasing the frequency of stress‐related behaviors.  相似文献   

Identification of candidate genes for paratuberculosis resistance in the native Italian Garfagnina goat breed     

Francesca Cecchi  Claudia Russo  Daniela Iamartino  Alessia Galiero  Barbara Turchi  Filippo Fratini  Sara Degl’Innocenti  Raffaele Mazza  Stefano Biffani  Giovanna Preziuso  Carlo Cantile 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(6):1135-1142

Paratuberculosis disease is a chronic bacterial disease infection of ruminants of global relevance, caused by MAP (Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis). The present study was conducted on the Garfagnina goat breed that is an Italian native goat population registered on the Tuscan regional repertory of genetic resources at risk of extinction. Forty-eight adult goats (27 serologically positive to MAP-positive and 21 serologically negative to MAP-negative) belonging to a single flock that had experienced annual mortalities due to MAP infection were identified and genotyped with the Illumina GoatSNP60 BeadChip. Diagnosis was achieved by serological tests, as well as post-mortem examination of affected animals. A genome-wide scan was then performed on the individual marker genotypes, in an attempt to identify genomic regions associated with MAP infection disease. Nine significant markers were highlighted and they were located within, or nearby, annotated genes. Two genes found in this study encode are linked to protein kinases that are among the most important enzymes involved in the immune response to Johne’s disease, and four genes are involved in the functions of the Golgi complex.  相似文献   

An environmentally sustainable approach for the management of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaeoacremonium minimum</Emphasis>, the main agent of wood diseases in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Actinidia deliciosa</Emphasis>     

Roberta Roberti  Fabio Osti  Gloria Innocenti  Adamo Domenico Rombolà  Stefano Di Marco 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(1):151-162

Among the fungi associated with the kiwi wood diseases, the vascular pathogen Phaeoacremonium minimum can infect plants already at nursery stage, without any external symptoms. At the moment, there are not effective control strategies. The effect of soil treatments applicable in organic agriculture was evaluated in two-years experiments on potted kiwi plants artificially inoculated with P. minimum. The soil treatments were based on commercial formulations of iron chelate, silicon, neem paste, Trichoderma afroharzianum strain T22, and cover cropping with selected perennial Poaceae. Cover cropping and iron chelate treatments enhanced the iron availability for the plants and significantly reduced wood necrosis caused by the pathogen. Both treatments also produced an increase of hairy root proliferation, so the plants were able to better cope with stress conditions. Laboratory assays showed the role of iron on the pathogen growth and its pathogenesis enzyme activities.  相似文献   

Preliminary investigation for quali-quantitative characterization of soils contaminated with 241Am and 152Eu by low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with small size γ-ray spectrometer: detection efficiency and minimum detectable activity (MDA) concentration assessment     

Falciglia  Pietro P.  Biondi  Lorena  Catalano  Roberto  Immè  Giuseppina  Romano  Stefano  Vagliasindi  Federico G. A. 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(6):2399-2409

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Localization and quali-quantitative characterization of radionuclide-contaminated soils are essential for healthcare and remediation activities. However,...  相似文献   

Relationships among cultivated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Opuntia ficus</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">indica</Emphasis> genotypes and related species assessed by cytoplasmic markers     

Giuseppina Las Casas  Gaetano Distefano  Marco Caruso  Elisabetta Nicolosi  Alessandra Gentile  Stefano La Malfa 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(3):759-773

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Genetic diversity and changes in phenolic contents and antiradical activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vaccinium myrtillus</Emphasis> berries from its southernmost growing area in Italy     

Edgardo Giordani  Stefano Biricolti  Claudia Ancillotti  William Antonio Petrucci  Massimo Gori  Elisa Calistri  Serena Orlandini  Sandra Furlanetto  Massimo Del Bubba 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(4):1173-1186

In this study, we evaluated by the RAPD technique the genetic diversity of 42 individual Vaccinium myrtillus L. plant samples, collected from different locations of Tuscan Apennines (Italy), which represent the southernmost growing latitude of this plant. Total polyphenols, total anthocyanins and radical scavenging activity were also determined in two successive harvesting years on bilberry samples obtained from the same individuals characterized by molecular analysis. The RAPD analysis indicated a highly prevalent gamic propagation of bilberry in the investigated area, and, in accordance with genetic findings elsewhere reported for populations of Central and Northern Europe, suggested the presence, from North-to-South Europe, of a clonal-to-gamic genetic gradient of the propagation strategy. In the context of a quite homogeneous panorama of biochemical data, significant variations were occasionally evidenced by comparing closely-located individuals. We tentatively attributed such variations mainly to genetics, due to the very close location of biomes exhibiting different biochemical attributes. However, molecular clustering by RAPD did not show any relationship with biochemical diversity. Strong variations of climatic conditions were probable responsible of the remarkable variability of the investigated biochemical parameters in the two harvesting years.  相似文献   

Functionalization of a nanostructured hydroxyapatite with Cu(II) compounds as a pesticide: in situ transmission electron microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy observations of treated Vitis vinifera L. leaves          下载免费PDF全文

Enrico Battiston  Maria C Salvatici  Alessandro Lavacchi  Antonietta Gatti  Stefano Di Marco  Laura Mugnai 《Pest management science》2018,74(8):1903-1915

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Standardization of canine meningioma grading: Validation of new guidelines for reproducible histopathologic criteria     

Sara Belluco  Giuseppe Marano  Thibaut Lurier  Giancarlo Avallone  Chiara Brachelente  Stefano Di Palma  Roberta Rasotto  Kerstin Baiker  Andreas Beineke  Anna Oevermann  Frauke Seehusen  Fabiano José Ferreira de Sant'Ana  Patrizia Boracchi  Martí Pumarola  Maria Teresa Mandara 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2023,21(4):685-699

Canine meningiomas are currently graded using the human grading system. Recently published guidelines have adapted the human grading system for use in dogs. The goal of this study was to validate the new guidelines for canine meningiomas. To evaluate the inter-observer agreement, 5 veterinary surgical pathologists graded 158 canine meningiomas following the human grading system alone or with the new guidelines. The inter-observer agreement for histologic grade and each of the grading criteria (mitotic grade, invasion, spontaneous necrosis, macronucleoli, small cells, hypercellularity, pattern loss and anaplasia) was evaluated using the Fleiss kappa index. The diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) was assessed by comparing the diagnoses obtained with the 2 grading systems with a consensus grade (considered the reference classification). The consensus histologic grade was obtained by agreement between 4 experienced veterinary neuropathologists following the guidelines. Compared with the human grading alone, the canine-specific guidelines increased the inter-observer agreement for: histologic grade (κ = 0.52); invasion (κ = 0.67); necrosis (κ = 0.62); small cells (κ = 0.36); pattern loss (κ = 0.49) and anaplasia (κ = 0.55). Mitotic grade agreement remained substantial (κ = 0.63). The guidelines improved the sensitivity in identifying grade 1 (95.6%) and the specificity in identifying grade 2 (96.2%) meningiomas. In conclusion, the new grading guidelines for canine meningiomas are associated with an overall improvement in the inter-observer agreement and higher diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing grade 1 and grade 2 meningiomas.  相似文献