An In Vitro Biomechanical Study of a Multiplanar Circular External Fixator Applied to Equine Third Metacarpal Bones     

CARLOS CERVANTES MVZ    JOHN B. MADISON VMD  Diplomate ACVS    GARY J. MILLER PhD  ROBERT S. CASAR PE 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(1):1-5

The biomechanical characteristics of a 4-ring circular multiplanar fixator applied to equine third metacarpal bones with a 5 mm mid-diaphyseal osteotomy gap were studied. Smooth Steinmann pins, either 1/8 inch, 3/16 inch, or 1/4 inch, were driven through pilot holes in the bone in a crossed configuration and full pin fashion and fastened to the fixator rings using cannulated fixation bolts. The third metacarpal bone fixator constructs were tested in three different modes (cranial-caudal four-point bending, axial compression, and torsion). Loads of 2,000 N were applied in bending and axial compression tests and a load of 50 N ± m was applied during testing in torsion. Fixator stiffness was determined by the slope of the load displacement curves. Three constructs for each pin size were tested in each mode. Comparisons between axial stiffness, bending stiffness, and torsional stiffness for each of the three different pin sizes were made using one-way analysis of variance. There was no visually apparent deformation or permanent damage to the fixator frame, and no third metacarpal bone failure in any of the tests. Plastic deformation occurred in the 1/8 inch pins during bending, compression, and torsion testing. The 3/16 inch and 1/4 inch pins elastically deformed in all testing modes. Mean (±SE) axial compressive stiffness for the 1/8 inch, 3/16 inch, and 1/4 inch pin fixator constructs was: 182 ± 16 N/mm, 397 ± 21 N/mm, and 566 ± 8.7 N/mm; bending stiffness was 106 ± 3.3 N/mm, 410 ± 21 N/mm, and 548 ± 12 N/mm; and torsional stiffness was 6.15 ± 0.82 N.m/degree, 7.14 ± 0.0 N±m/degree, and 11.9 ± 1.0 N.m/degree respectively. For statically applied loads our results would indicate that a 4-ring fixator using two 1/4 inch pins per ring may not be stiff enough for repair of an unstable third metacarpal bone fracture in a 450 kg horse.  相似文献   

Motor nerve conduction and spinal reflex measurements as predictors of racing performance in Greyhounds     

PE DAVIS  R MALIK 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(1):24-25

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Effects of Low-Fat High-Fibre Diet and Mitratapide on Body Weight Reduction, Blood Pressure and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Dogs     

Cristina PE?A  Lourdes SUAREZ  Inmaculada BAUTISTA-CASTA?O  M. Candelaria JUSTE  Elena CARRETóN  José Alberto MONTOYA-ALONSO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(9):1305-1308

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Intermediate Filament Proteins Expression and Carbohydrate Moieties in Trophoblast and Decidual Cells of Mature Cat Placenta     

PE Fernández  ME Diessler  A Pachame  HH Ortega  EJ Gimeno  EL Portiansky  CG Barbeito 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(2):263-269

The aim of this study was to characterize cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins and glycoconjugates of syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast and decidual cells of feline endotheliochorial placenta. Samples from 12 normal pregnant female cats, after 45 ± 5 days of gestation, were obtained removing the uterine horns by hysterectomy. Sections were processed for routine observation and for immunohistochemistry using anticytokeratin, antivimentin and antidesmin antibodies. In addition, lectin histochemistry was performed using a panel of several biotinylated lectins to characterize glycosides expression profile. Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast showed immunoreactivity only with acidic and basic cytokeratins. Decidual cells were only positive to vimentin, consistent with their origin from endometrial fibroblasts. Trophoblast expressed a broad population of glycans, highly exposing terminal N‐acetyl glucosamine residues and non‐sialylated galactose and N‐acetyl galactosamine oligomers. Oligosaccharides bound by Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin were the only highly branched N‐linked residues evidenced in cats, and they were restricted to the syncytium. Unlike results reported on humans, mice and rats on lectin affinity of decidual cells, sialid acids and complex N‐linked oligosaccharides were not demonstrated in cats. Glycosylation of proteins determines many of their final properties, thus becoming essential for the embryo‐maternal dialogue during implantation and placentation. Changes in glycosylation pattern have been related to pathological pregnancies in other species. Hence, the knowledge about glycosylation profile of the normal cat placenta may lead to a better understanding of both normal and pathological reproductive events.  相似文献   

Comparison of cyclosporine A with methylprednisolone for treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: a parallel,blinded, randomized controlled trial   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Steffan J  Alexander D  Brovedani F  Fisch RD 《Veterinary dermatology》2003,14(1):11-22

Abstract The objective of this multicentre, parallel, blinded, randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of cyclosporine (CsA group, 117 dogs) in comparison with methylprednisolone (MP group, 59 dogs) in the treatment of atopic dermatitis for 4 months. Mean induction dose of both drugs (5 mg/kg CsA, 0.75 mg/kg MP) was tapered over time according to the clinical response. At the end of the study, the mean estimated percentage reduction from baseline (confidence interval) of lesion scores was 52% (44–59) and 45% (35–56), and the reduction in pruritus score was 36% (27–43) and 33% (23–43) in dogs in the CsA and MP groups, respectively. These percentages were not significantly different between groups. A significantly better overall assessment of efficacy was obtained in the CsA-treated dogs (76 vs. 63% responses excellent or good in the CsA compared with MP group). CsA-treated dogs presented a higher frequency of gastrointestinal disorders, mainly vomiting, but MP dogs tended to be more susceptible to infections. There was no remarkable change over baseline of the haematological and biochemical parameters in the two groups.  相似文献   

Resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in South Australian populations of sheep lice (Bovicola ovis)     

PJ JAMES  PE SAUNDERS  KS COCKRUM  KJ MUNRO 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(3):105-108

SUMMARY Lice were collected from 71 flocks detected as Infested at market Inspection in 1990 and 1991, from 16 flocks where resistance was suspected and from 31 flocks from Kangaroo Island. Susceptibility to cypermethrin was measured by a treated surface technique and survival of lice at 5 ppm or greater was taken as an indication of resistance. The prevalence of resistance was 34% in louse populations from the market inspection sample, 50% in flocks in which resistance was suspected and 68% in flocks from Kangaroo Island. Most resistance factors were in the range 1 to 20 although one louse population with a resistance factor of 91 was found on Kangaroo Island.  相似文献   

Cyclosporin A: a new drug in the field of canine dermatology     

Guaguère E  Steffan J  Olivry T 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(2):61-74

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Remission of the clinical signs of atopic dermatitis in dogs after cessation of treatment with cyclosporin A or methylprednisolone     

Steffan J  Horn J  Gruet P  Strehlau G  Fondati A  Ferrer L  Noli C 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(22):681-684

Seventy-eight dogs with atopic dermatitis were treated for four months with either cyclosporin A or methylprednisolone. During the two months after the treatment ceased, 87 per cent of the dogs treated with methylprednisolone relapsed after a mean period of 27.9 days, whereas only 62 per cent of the dogs treated with cyclosporin A relapsed after a mean period of 40.7 days (P < .0.001). The clinical condition of the dogs was evaluated either when they relapsed, or two months after the treatment ceased if they had not relapsed. Both the skin lesions and pruritus increased significantly more markedly in the dogs treated with methylprednisolone than in those treated with cyclosporin A. At the end of the study the skin lesions were markedly less severe than before the therapy; in the dogs in both groups that did not relapse, the lesion score was improved by 77 per cent two months after the treatment had stopped, and in the dogs that did relapse the lesion scores had improved by 45 per cent and 35 per cent in the dogs treated with cyclosporin A and methylprednisolone, respectively. Pruritus remained well controlled in the dogs that did not relapse, but increased to baseline levels or close to baseline in the dogs that relapsed.  相似文献   

Polymorphism in Plastosciara perniciosa     

Steffan WA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,182(4118):1265-1266

Two widely divergent morphotypes of both adult males and adult females were found in laboratory colonies of Plastosciara perniciosa in Hawaii. Extraordinary modification of all features except the genitalia, with associated behavioral differences, enables the micropterous morphotype to take maximum advantage of a stable larval habitat. Capabilities for migration from adverse habitats, dispersal, and maintenance of gene flow are retained in the macropterous morphotype.  相似文献   

Determination of the dosage of clomipramine for the treatment of urine spraying in cats     

King JN  Steffan J  Heath SE  Simpson BS  Crowell-Davis SL  Harrington LJ  Weiss AB  Seewald W;CLOFUS Study Group 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(6):881-887

OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal dosage of clomipramine for the treatment of urine spraying in cats. DESIGN: Randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial. ANIMALS: 67 neutered cats. PROCEDURE: Cats with a minimum 1-month history of spraying urine against vertical surfaces at least twice per week were randomly assigned to be treated with a placebo or with clomipramine at a dosage of 0.125 to 0.25 mg/kg (0.057 to 0.11 mg/lb), 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg (0.11 to 0.23 mg/lb), or 0.5 to 1 mg/kg (0.23 to 0.45 mg/lb), p.o., every 24 hours for up to 12 weeks. Owners of all cats were given information on behavioral treatment and environmental modification. RESULTS: Prior to treatment, mean number of urine spraying events ranged from 0.9 to 1.3 urine spraying events/d for the 4 groups, and mean percentage of days with urine spraying events ranged from 62% to 69%. All 3 dosages of clomipramine were associated with significant reductions in frequency of urine spraying. Sedation was the most common adverse effect and was identified in 27 of the 50 cats treated with clomipramine; however, treatment was not discontinued in any cat because of sedation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the present study suggest that compared with a placebo, clomipramine significantly reduces the frequency of urine spraying in cats in terms of the number of urine spraying events per day and the number of days with urine spraying events. For cats with urine spraying, the recommended initial dosage of clomipramine is 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg, p.o., every 24 hours.  相似文献