In vitro effect of ventriculocordectomy before laryngoplasty on abduction of the equine arytenoid cartilage     

Perkins JD  Meighan H  Windley Z  Troester S  Piercy R  Schumacher J 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(3):305-310

Objective: To determine whether ventriculocordectomy (VCE) performed before prosthetic laryngoplasty (PL) results in increased rima glottidis size compared with PL alone. Study Design: Experimental study. Animals: Equine cadaver larynges (n=13). Methods: Right arytenoid cartilages were maximally abducted using a standard PL technique. Standard PLs were then performed on the left side and the force required to maximally abduct the left arytenoid cartilage recorded (F_max). Photographs were taken of the rima glottidis at zero force and at five equal levels of force up to F_max. The force applied was released, left VCE performed, and photographs repeated. Arytenoid left:right angle quotients (LRQ) and glottic cross‐sectional area ratios (CSAR) were calculated at each force level in each condition (PL and VCE‐PL). Results: Mean LRQ and CSAR for both PL and VCE‐PL increased with increasing force, initially rapidly before plateauing at ～50% of F_max. LRQ and CSAR were significantly greater for VCE‐PL than for PL (P<.001). When VCE was performed before PL, 12% less force was required to achieve an LRQ of 0.8, and 45% less for a CSAR of 0.8. Conclusions: In vitro, VCE performed before PL enables the arytenoid cartilage to be abducted to a greater degree for a given PL suture force.  相似文献   

Gene flow among different teosinte taxa and into the domesticated maize gene pool     

Marilyn L. Warburton  Garrison Wilkes  S. Taba  Alain Charcosset  Celine Mir  Fabrice Dumas  Delphine Madur  Susanne Dreisigacker  Claudia Bedoya  B. M. Prasanna  C. X. Xie  Sarah Hearne  Jorge Franco 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(8):1243-1261

Maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) was domesticated from one wild species ancestor, the Balsas teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) about 9000 years ago. Higher levels of gene diversity are found in teosinte taxa compared to maize, following domestication and selection bottlenecks. Diversity in maize can be increased via gene flow from teosinte, which has certainly occurred from various taxa, but the rate of flow from different teosinte taxa and the final impact on maize evolution has been difficult to measure. One hundred populations from six Zea taxa, both domesticated (maize) and wild (teosinte), including domesticated landraces from Asia, Africa, and the Americas, were genotyped with 17 SSR markers using 15 individuals per population. Overall levels of diversity were high, and populations could be distinguished based on markers. Relationships between populations followed most published reports, or can now help resolve previously conflicting reports. Gene flow into maize from different teosinte groups, and gene flow between different teosintes, was estimated. Evidence for contributions from the Balsas teosintes and from Chalco teosintes (Z. mays ssp. mexicana) to the maize gene pool was found, as well as from Chalco into ssp. mexicana race ??Durango?? and Z. mays ssp. huehuetenengensis. These contributions are almost certainly the result of post-domestication (and ongoing) exchanges. This information must give more impetus to in situ conservation of teosinte species, and use of these teosintes to continue to direct the evolution of maize, especially in response to new diseases, insect pests, and other biotic and abiotic stresses.  相似文献   

Fungal communities in bulk soil and stone compartments of different forest and soil types as revealed by a barcoding ITS rDNA and a functional laccase encoding gene marker     

Sabina Christ  Tesfaye Wubet  Susanne Theuerl  François Buscot 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(6):1292-1299

The soil fungal diversity and community partitioning between the bulk soil and stone compartments was investigated using PCR based approaches targeting the barcoding internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA and the laccase encoding functional gene as genetic markers. Soil samples were collected from the B-horizon of spruce and beech forests at the Hainich Biodiversity Exploratory, central Germany. The targeted markers were amplified from the respective DNA extracts using general fungal primers and basidiomycete laccase gene specific primers, cloned and sequenced. Differences in the fungal community composition between the two forest types and the soil compartments were indicated by both markers. When the effects of ecological factors were considered, the two markers produced different patterns of results. The ITS rDNA marker revealed communities principally influenced by forest type, while those detected with the functional marker were mainly affected by soil pH. The fungal communities detected by the functional marker in particular, differed significantly between soils and stones, indicating that laccase-producing fungi are specifically adapted to degrade organic matter in soils rather than weathering of stones. The study underlines the fact that coherent and complementary results may be obtained with both genetic markers used.  相似文献   

Genome-wide association study for insect bite hypersensitivity susceptibility in horses revealed novel associated loci on chromosome 1     

Merina Shrestha  Marina Solé  Bart J. Ducro  Marie Sundquist  Ruth Thomas  Anouk Schurink  Susanne Eriksson  Gabriella Lindgren 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(2):223-233

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Untersuchungen über Beziehungen zwischen der Verteilung mineralischer P-Fraktionen und dem Bodentyp     

Susanne Markert  Peter Kundler 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(7):645-656

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Earthworms can modify effects of hydrochar on growth of Plantago lanceolata and performance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi     

Mohamed Salem  Josef Kohler  Susanne Wurst  Matthias C. Rillig 《Pedobiologia》2013,56(4-6):219-224

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a method to produce carbonized material at relatively low temperatures (180–250 °C) under pressure and aqueous conditions. The product is called hydrochar and can be used as a soil amendment. However, applied in high dosages it may have detrimental effects on plants or soil biota. The potential impact of hydrochar amendment on beneficial soil organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and earthworms and their interactions are not well understood. The goal of the present study was to determine effects of hydrochar on plant growth and soil biota and to evaluate interactions of earthworms and hydrochar on plant and AMF performance and to identify underlying mechanisms. In a greenhouse experiment, we investigated the effect of hydrochar at different addition rates (control, 1% and 10%, v/v) with or without the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa on the growth of Plantago lanceolata L. and the performance of its AMF. We observed a positive interaction between earthworms and 10% hydrochar on shoot and root biomass: added as a single treatment hydrochar had a negative effect on plant growth at this dosage, but plant biomass increased significantly when hydrochar was added together with earthworms. Root colonization by AMF increased significantly with increasing concentration of hydrochar, but was not affected by earthworms. Contrastingly, extraradical hyphal length of AMF was reduced by earthworms, but not affected by hydrochar. Thus, hydrochar and earthworms affected the performance of AMF, albeit of different AMF structures and in different directions. Our results indicate that earthworms may play an important role in alleviating the negative impacts of high dosages of hydrochar on plant growth; such interactions should move into focus of future research on potential effects of HTC materials.  相似文献   

Combined Effects of Nutrient and Pesticide Management on Soil Microbial Activity in Hybrid Rice Double Annual Cropping System     

XIE Xiao-mei LIAO Min LIU Wei-ping Susanne KLOSE 《水稻科学》2004,11(1)

Combined effects on soil microbial activity of nutrient and pesticide management in hybrid rice double annual cropping system were studied. Results of field experiment demonstrated significant changes in soil microbial biomass phospholipid contents,abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria, electron transport system (ETS)/dehydrogenase activity, soil protein contents under different management practices and at various growth stages. Marked depletions in the soil microbial biomass phospholipid contents were found with the advancement of crop growth stages, while the incorporation of fertilizers and/or pesticides also induced slight changes, and the lowest microbial biomass phospholipid content was found with pesticides application alone. A decline in the bacterial abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria was observed during the continuance of crop growth, while the lowest abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria was found with pesticides application alone, which coincided with the decline of soil microbial biomass. A consistent increase in the electron transport system activity was measured during the different crop growth stages of rice. The use of fertilizers (NPK) alone or combined with pesticides increased it, while a decline was noticed with pesticides application alone as compared with the control.The soil protein content was found to be relatively stable with fertilizers and/or pesticides application at various growth stages in both crops undertaken, but notable changes were detected at different growth stages.  相似文献   

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE NORMAL AND DISEASED FELINE MIDDLE EAR     

Ingrid  Allgoewer  DVM  Susanne  Lucas  DVM  Stephan Albert  Schmitz  MD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(5):413-418

The magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the feline middle ear is described in three healthy cats and in five cats with middle ear disease. Owing to the good spatial resolution, multiplanar slice orientation as well as display high contrast resolution of soft tissue, in particular fluids, MR imaging was helpful prior to surgery. It is superior to radiography which failed to allow identification of the abnormality in two of our five cats. MR imaging for middle ear disease should include dorsal and transverse plane images using T1- and T2-weighted sequences. In the presence of a mass within the bulla or the external ear canal application of contrast medium is helpful.  相似文献   

Combined Effects of Nutrient and Pesticide Management on Soil Microbial Activity in Hybrid Rice Double Annual Cropping System     

XIEXiao-mei LIAOMin LIUWei-ping SusanneKLOSE 《水稻科学》2004,11(3):140-146

Combined effects on soil microbial activity of nutrient and pesticide management in hybrid rice double annual cropping system were studied. Results of field experiment demonstrated significant changes in soil microbial biomass phospholipid contents, abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria, electron transport system (ETS)/dehydrogenase activity, soil protein contents under different management practices and at various growth stages. Marked depletions in the soil microbial biomass phospholipid contents were found with the advancement of crop growth stages, while the incorporation of fertilizers and/or pesticides also induced slight changes, and the lowest microbial biomass phospholipid content was found with pesticides application alone. A decline in the bacterial abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria was observed during the continuance of crop growth, while the lowest abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria was found with pesticides application alone, which coincided with the decline of soil microbial biomass. A consistent increase in the electron transport system activity was measured during the different crop growth stages of rice. The use of fertilizers (NPK) alone or combined with pesticides increased it, while a decline was noticed with pesticides application alone as compared with the control. The soil protein content was found to be relatively stable with fertilizers and/or pesticides application at various growth stages in both crops undertaken, but notable changes were detected at different growth stages.  相似文献   

Presence of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Cattle Tick Boophilus microplus and in Epithelial Tissue Culture Cells of Chironomus tentans     

Andreas Turberg  Iris Schrder  Susanne Wegener  Michael Londershausen 《Pest management science》1996,48(4):389-398

A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) has been demonstrated and partially characterized in larvae of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Its properties are compared with mAChR from an epithelial cell line from the dipteran insect Chironomus tentans. Competition studies with cholinergic ligands of different specificity revealed the muscarinic nature of the cholinergic receptors investigated in both species. In homogenates from tick larvae, specific binding sites for [³H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) with high affinity (1·2±(0·13) nM ; B_max 22·5 pmol mg protein⁻¹) were detected that do not bind nicotinic compounds specifically. The estimated IC₅₀ values for nicotine, imidacloprid and α-bungarotoxin were all in the mM range. Additionally, with tick larvae, high-affinity nicotinic binding sites were detected with [³H]nicotine which could be displaced by high concentrations of imidacloprid or QNB. The estimated IC₅₀ values for nicotine, α-bungarotoxin, imidacloprid and QNB were 43(±8) nM , 0·8(±0·2) μM , 2·8(±0·6) μM and 78(±1·9) μM , respectively. With homogenates of the non-neuronal insect cell line from C. tentans, only high-affinity binding sites for [³H]QNB were found. Muscarinic antagonists selectively displaced [³H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding to tick larvae homogenates. The mAChR of B. microplus preferred pirenzepine (IC₅₀ 2·13(±1·02) μM ) among different subtype-specific mAChR antagonists (4-DAMP had IC₅₀ 49·9(±9·13) μM and methoctramine had IC₅₀ 121(±14·2) μM ) indicating a type of binding site similar to the vertebrate M1 mAChR subtype. The tick muscarinic receptor seems to be a G-protein-coupled receptor, as concluded from the 4·8-fold reduction in receptor affinity for binding of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine M upon treatment with the non-hydrolysable GTP-analogue γ-S-GTP. Binding data for the agonists oxotremorine M (IC₅₀ 71·3(±19·6) μM ) and carbachol (IC₅₀ 253(±87·1) μM ) parallel the biological efficacy of these compounds, in that, while oxotremorine M showed some activity against ticks, carbachol was ineffective.  相似文献