Impact of ovariohysterectomy and food intake on body composition, physical activity, and adipose gene expression in cats     

Belsito KR  Vester BM  Keel T  Graves TK  Swanson KS 《Journal of animal science》2009,87(2):594-602

The mechanisms contributing to BW gain following ovariohysterectomy in domestic cats are poorly understood. Moreover, the effects of food restriction to maintain BW following spaying have been poorly studied. Thus, our primary objective was to determine the effects of spaying and food restriction to maintain BW on adipose and skeletal muscle mRNA abundance and activity levels in cats. After a 4-wk baseline period (wk 0), 8 adult (approximately 1.5 yr old) domestic shorthair cats were spayed and fed to maintain BW for 12 wk. After 12 wk, cats were fed ad libitum for an additional 12 wk. Body composition was determined, activity levels were measured, and adipose and muscle biopsies were collected at wk 0, 12, and 24. Fasting blood samples were collected at wk 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24. To maintain BW post-spay, food intake was decreased (P < 0.05) by 30%. During this phase, mRNA abundance of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase and leptin was decreased (P < 0.05), representing only 52 and 23% of baseline expression, respectively. Interleukin-6 mRNA, however, was increased (P < 0.05) 2-fold. Physical activity was decreased (P < 0.05) by wk 12, most dramatically during the dark period (approximately 20% of baseline activity). During ad libitum feeding (wk 12 to 24), food intake, BW, body fat percentage, and total fat mass were greatly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with wk 0, circulating leptin concentrations tended to increase (P < 0.10) by wk 18 and 24 (4.45 vs. 10.02 and 9.14 ng/mL, respectively), whereas glucose (91 vs. 162 mg/dL) and triacylglyceride (30 vs. 48 mg/dL) concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) by wk 24. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase, hormone sensitive lipase, and adiponectin mRNA were decreased (P < 0.05) at wk 24. Adipose interleukin-6 mRNA was increased (P < 0.05) at 24 wk. Physical activity was further decreased (P < 0.05) by wk 24, during the light (60% of baseline) and dark (33% of baseline) periods. In summary, spaying and food restriction affect physical activity levels and several genes associated with lipid metabolism (decreased lipoprotein lipase), food intake (decreased leptin expression), and insulin insensitivity (increased interleukin-6). By identifying these changes, targets for nutritional intervention or lifestyle management have been identified that may curb the risk of obesity and related disorders in spayed cats.  相似文献   

The use of historical range and variability (HRV) in landscape management     

Robert E. Keane  Paul F. Hessburg  Peter B. Landres  Fred J. Swanson 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

This paper examines the past, present, and future use of the concept of historical range and variability (HRV) in land management. The history, central concepts, benefits, and limitations of HRV are presented along with a discussion on the value of HRV in a changing world with rapid climate warming, exotic species invasions, and increased land development. This paper is meant as a reference on the strengths and limitations of applying HRV in land management. Applications of the HRV concept have specific contexts, constraints, and conditions that are relevant to any application and are influential to the extent to which the concept is applied. These conditions notwithstanding, we suggest that the HRV concept offers an objective reference for many applications, and it still offers a comprehensive reference for the short-term and possible long-term management of our nation's landscapes until advances in technology and ecological research provide more suitable and viable approaches in theory and application.  相似文献   

The hemodynamic effects of medetomidine continuous rate infusions in the dog     

Jennifer E Carter  Nigel B Campbell  Lysa P Posner  Cliff Swanson 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2010,37(3):197-206

ObjectiveTo characterize the hemodynamic effects of continuous rate infusions (CRI) of medetomidine administered at doses ranging from 0 to 3 μg kg^?1 hour^?1.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized experimental trial.AnimalsSix adult purpose-bred mongrel dogs.MethodsAnesthesia was induced with sevoflurane for placement of arterial and venous catheters. Dogs recovered from anesthesia after which baseline hemodynamic measurements were obtained via lithium dilution cardiac output (CO) determination, with subsequent measurements via pulse power analysis to provide continuous CO determinations. Medetomidine, 1, 2, or 3 μg kg^?1 hour^?1 or a volume equivalent placebo, was administered via CRI for 60 minutes. Systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate (HR), CO and stroke volume were measured and stroke index (SI), cardiac index (CI), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) were calculated at 3, 7, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes from the start of the infusion.ResultsIncrease in dose decreased SI by 25%, 19%, and 30%, HR by 33%, 57%, and 60%, CI by 50%, 65%, 70% and increased TPRI by 109%, 235%, and 222% from baseline to the 60-minute measurement for the 1, 2, and 3 μg kg^?1 hour^?1 doses, respectively. HR, TPRI, and CI all showed significant differences over the duration of the study from the placebo treatment.ConclusionsMedetomidine CRI produces clinically relevant changes in CO, TPR, and HR. The demonstrated decrease in CO is largely because of bradycardia and the degree of cardiovascular depression appears to be dose-dependent. These findings are consistent with previously described hemodynamic changes with single bolus administration of medetomidine.Clinical relevanceLow-dose medetomidine CRIs produce clinically relevant hemodynamic depression at doses as low as 1 μg kg^?1 hour^?1 and should be used cautiously in dogs.  相似文献   

Companion animals symposium: microbes and health     

Swanson KS  Suchodolski JS  Turnbaugh PJ 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(5):1496-1497

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Implications of future climate- and land-change scenarios on grassland bird abundance and biodiversity in the Upper Missouri River Basin     

Baltensperger  A. P.  Dixon  M. D.  Swanson  D. L. 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(8):1757-1773

Landscape Ecology - Over the past decades, numerous threats from climate- and land-use change to ecosystems have been identified. Grassland ecosystems are among the most endangered in the world and...  相似文献   

Bacillus piliformis infection (Tyzzer's disease) in a Colorado foal     

J B Nold  T Swanson  T R Spraker 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,185(3):306-307

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Preliminary study of the pharmacokinetics and toxicopathy of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) in swine     

R W Coppock  S P Swanson  H B Gelberg  G D Koritz  W E Hoffman  W B Buck  R F Vesonder 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(1):169-174

Study was made of the pharmacokinetics and toxicopathy of deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) given IV to swine. In the 24 hours after swine were given DON, clinical signs of vomiting, diarrhea, muscular weakness, tremors, and twilight coma were similar to those observed with other 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes. Hypoglycemia and pancreatic islet cell lesions were observed which indicated that DON-induced changes in intermediary metabolism may be an insidious aspect of DON intoxication. Histopathologic examination of all organ systems revealed pancreatic acinar and islet cell necrosis and mild lympholysis of the mesenteric lymph nodes. The renal excretion of DON was altered by IV infusion of saline solution. Pharmacokinetic findings may indicate that DON was both secreted and reabsorbed by the renal tubules. The half-life of DON ranged from 2.08 to 3.65 hours. Residues of DON were not found in skeletal muscle of swine at 24 hours after dosing.  相似文献   

Population and cholinesterase responses in fish exposed to malathion sprays     

W.L. Lockhart  D.A. Metner  F.J. Ward  G.M. Swanson 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1985,24(1):12-18

A population of young walleye in a shallow pond in Winnipeg was exposed to malathion after two aerial applications of this pesticide for mosquito control. The population was sampled frequently throughout the season for survival and growth estimates, and also for brain cholinesterase measurements since that enzyme was known to respond to malathion poisoning. Cholinesterase activity fell to about 25% of prespray values within 12 hr after the first spray, and then gradually recovered to about 80% of prespray values over 2 weeks. The same pattern was evident after the second spray, but the inhibition of cholinesterase activity was not quite as large. Fish captured for analysis showed no indication of the symptoms of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. There have been a number of reports published linking cholinesterase inhibition with lethal and sublethal responses in exposed groups, but we are unaware of previous cases in which strong cholinesterase inhibition has been observed in a field population for which growth and survival statistics were available. This case, then, offered an opportunity to evaluate the biochemical response in terms of population parameters. The population statistics indicated small temporary decreases in both catch per unit effort and weight gains after the first spray. Evidently a reduction in cholinesterase activity to about 25% of preexposure levels was the approximate threshold for population effects.  相似文献   

Neural circuitry: chemical neuroanatomy     

Swanson LW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,224(4650):739-740

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Plant Community Factors Correlated with Wyoming Big Sagebrush Site Responses to Fire     

John C. Swanson  Peter J. Murphy  Sherman R. Swanson  Brad W. Schultz  J. Kent McAdoo 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2018,71(1):67-76

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