Pathogenicity and trichothecenes production of Fusarium culmorum strains causing head blight on wheat and evaluation of resistance of the varieties cultivated in Algeria     

Sihem Touati-Hattab  Christian Barreau  Marie-Noelle Verdal-Bonnin  Sylvain Chereau  Florence Richard-Forget  S. Hadjout  Leila Mekliche  Zouaoui Bouznad 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,145(4):797-814

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Model study of the enzymatic modification of natural extracts: peroxidase-based removal of eugenol from rose essential oil     

Bouhlel C  Dolhem G  Fernandez X  Antoniotti S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(4):1052-1058

A protocol based on the use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is proposed for the removal of allergenic eugenol from rose essential oil without loss of the organoleptic quality and with a good conservation of the chemical composition. For the first time, an enzyme-based strategy is proposed for essential oils treatment and opens new opportunities in the detoxification of natural extracts used in perfumery and cosmetics. Our results on eugenol in rose essential oil constitute a first step toward the development of efficient and mild processes for the removal of more toxic compounds of natural extracts.  相似文献   

Seed phosphorus remobilization is not a major limiting step for phosphorus nutrition during early growth of maize     

Muhammad Nadeem  Alain Mollier  Christian Morel  Alain Vives  Loïc Prud'homme  Sylvain Pellerin 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(6):805-809

Phosphorus (P) is the least mobile nutrient in the soil as compared to other macronutrients and therefore frequently limits crop growth. During germination and early growth, seed‐phytate hydrolysis and seed‐P remobilization is the major P source for developing seedlings. The objective of this paper was to investigate whether seed‐P hydrolysis and remobilization of nonphytate P are sufficient for seedling P nutrition during early growth stages of maize. A large part of initial maize endogenous seed P reserves are mainly in the form of phytate. Till 70 cumulated degree days after sowing, nearly all the phytate (98%) was hydrolyzed and caused an increase in nonphytate P in seeds. Phytate hydrolysis and remobilization of nonphytate P was the main source of P supply for the newly growing seedlings and was not a limiting step for seedling P nutrition during the first four weeks of early growth.  相似文献   

How mass flow and rotational speed affect fertiliser centrifugal spreading: Potential interpretation in terms of the amount of fertiliser per vane     

Sylvain Villette  Emmanuel PironDenis Miclet  Richard MartinGawain Jones  Jean-Noel PaoliChristelle Gée 《Biosystems Engineering》2012,111(1):133-138

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Compatibility of turkey herpesvirus-infectious bursal disease vector vaccine with Marek's disease rispens vaccine injected into day-old pullets     

Lemiere S  Wong SY  Saint-Gerand AL  Goutebroze S  Le Gros FX 《Avian diseases》2011,55(1):113-118

Mixtures of turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and Rispens poultry vaccines have been used worldwide for over 20 yr, mainly for vaccination of future layers and breeders. With increasing virulence of Marek's disease (MD) virus strains, vaccination strategies are evolving toward the use of vaccines combining HVT and Rispens. A single vaccination either in ovo or at 1 day of age with the HVT + infectious bursal disease (IBD) vector vaccine is efficient against IBD. However, with vaccination programs that include a hatchery administration of the HVT + IBD vaccine, additional protection against very virulent and very virulent-plus MD viruses is needed, especially for layers and breeders. This study looked at the combination of four commercially available Rispens vaccines with the HVT + IBD vector vaccine injected at 1 day of age. MD challenge tests that were superior to 90% in relative score in all the groups vaccinated with both vaccines showed that the mixture of HVT + IBD and Rispens vaccines had no effect on clinical protection against MD, and IBD challenge tests showed that the mixture of HVT + IBD and Rispens vaccines had no effect on clinical protection against IBD, which was equal to 100% protection in all the groups vaccinated with both vaccines.  相似文献   

Congenital enlargement of the suburethral diverticulum in a Holstein calf     

Vogel SR  Doré E  Breteau G  Desrochers A  Babkine M  Nichols S 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(2):173-176

A 3-month-old, female Holstein calf was examined because of marked perineal swelling and tenesmus of 4-days duration. A congenitally enlarged urethral diverticulum was diagnosed using fluoroscopic and ultrasonographic imaging techniques. The urethral diverticulum was surgically resected and the perineal area was reconstructed.  相似文献   

Impact of the genetic diversity of three cyst nematodes on the effectiveness of root exudates to induce hatching     

Gautier  Camille  Montarry  Josselin  Piriou  Christophe  Renault  Lionel  Porte  Catherine  Yvin  Jean-Claude  Nguema-Ona  Eric  Fournet  Sylvain 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2021,161(3):553-563

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Cyst nematodes are sedentary endoparasites of plants which cause important economic losses worldwide. New nematode control measures are needed since the...  相似文献   

Assessment of compost and three biochars associated with Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle for lead and arsenic stabilization in a post-mining Technosol     

Ibrahim ALIDOU-ARZIKA  Manhattan LEBRUN  Florie MIARD  Romain NANDILLON  Gülriz BAYÇU  Sylvain BOURGERIE  Domenico MORABITO 《土壤圈》2021,31(6):944-953

The elevated presence of metal(loid)s in the environment significantly impacts ecosystems and human health and is generally largely due to industrial and mining activities. Thus, in the current study, we investigated and proposed an environmentally friendly method (phytomanagement) aimed at reducing the negative impacts associated with metal(loid) pollution through the use of soil amendments (biochar and compost) to permit Ailanthus altissima growth on a highly contaminated mining Technosol, with arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) contents of 539.06 and 11 453 mg kg^-1, respectively. The objective was to examine the impacts of three biochars and compost on i) the physicochemical characteristics of soil, ii) metal(loid) immobilization in soil, and iii) A. altissima growth. We revealed that the application of biochar as a soil amendment improved soil conditions by increasing soil electrical conductivity, pH, and water-holding capacity. Moreover, concomitantly, we observed a large reduction (99%) in Pb mobility and availability following application of the hardwood biochar in combination with compost (HBCP). Thus, this combined soil amendment was most effective in promoting A. altissima growth. In addition, the HBCP treatment prevented As translocation in the upper parts of plants, although soil pore water As concentration was not diminished by amendment application.  相似文献   

Establishment,survivorship, and growth of yellow birch seedlings after site preparation treatments in large gaps     

François Lorenzetti  Sylvain Delagrange  Daniel Bouffard  Philippe Nolet 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008

The occurrence of yellow birch (YB) in the northeastern forests of North America is a source of concern. Several guidelines suggest ways to favor the regeneration of this species, including creating openings from small gaps to large clearcuts, coupled or not with a variety of soil preparation treatments. However, it is not clear if soil preparation treatment favors YB establishment by simply increasing the availability of good seedbed types, or by also altering competition pressure exerted by interfering species during the period of seedling establishment. For this study, large gaps (900 m²) were created in a 70-year old YB dominated forest, to which three treatments differing in soil disturbance intensities were applied (i.e., soil scarification (i) using a rake [raking]; or (ii) by dragging slash out to the edges of the gap [slash drag]; and (iii) limited to the passage of the harvesting equipment [control]). The proportion of seedbed types reportedly most favorable for YB establishment (i.e., mineral-dominated) increased as the severity of the site preparation increased. The opposite was observed for organic-dominated seedbeds. As a result, the stocking of YB seedlings increased with the severity of site preparation. However, YB stocking was deemed sufficient in all gaps to ensure future canopy dominance, even in the control treatment. Although YB seedlings generally achieved greater heights as site preparation intensity increased, it was clear that this did not reflect vigorous growth as, on average, greater heights coincided with greater seedling height–diameter ratios. At the seedbed level, height–diameter ratio was associated with an increase in surrounding competition pressure and an increase in the incidence of stem apical death (SAD), which in turn decreased height differences among seedbed types by the end of the study. At the gap level, this blurred the advantages of site preparation over a laisser-faire strategy. The incidence of SAD was greatest in the slash drag and the rake treatments. Consequently, we cannot say that intense soil scarification is worth the expenses, especially in stands where YB seed sources are abundant.  相似文献   

The successional status of sugar maple (Acer saccharum), revisited     

Philippe Nolet  Sylvain Delagrange  Daniel Bouffard  Frédérik Doyon  Eric Forget 《Annals of Forest Science》2008,65(2):208-208

Two complementary experimental designs at two contrasting scales (landscape/long term; individual tree/short term) were used for an in-depth evaluation of the successional status of sugar maple (AS: Acer saccharum Marsh.). First, forest disturbances during the 20th century and composition were mapped for two landscapes in the Du Lièvre watershed of southern Quebec. Our results show that, as well as dominating stands in the absence of fire, AS often rapidly developed dominance after fire, especially in the south of our study area. Similarly, a majority of AS-dominated stands clearcut in 1928 continued to be AS-dominated 60 years later. Second, we examined AS seedlings planted under two very contrasting light regimes. AS seedlings showed a combination of traits particularly adapted to tolerate shade under a low light regime. However, owing to a surprisingly high phenotypic plasticity, AS also exhibited efficient development under high light. This suggests the classification of AS as a late-successional species should indeed be revised and that generalist or trans-successional would be a more appropriate designation for this species. We discuss the ramifications of such a status revision, with an emphasis on the implications for its silviculture.  相似文献