Duodenal obstruction caused by duodenal sigmoid flexure volvulus in dairy cattle: 29 cases (2006-2010)     

SR Vogel  S Nichols  S Buczinski  A Desrochers  M Babkine  M Veillette  D Francoz  E Doré  G Fecteau  AM Bélanger  M Badillo 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,241(5):621-625

Objective-To characterize duodenal sigmoid flexure volvulus (DSFV) and determine the prognosis for affected cattle undergoing surgery. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-29 dairy cattle. Procedures-The medical records were analyzed for history, signalment, clinical signs, medical management, surgical findings, and outcome. Results-29 cattle were determined to have DSFV between December 2006 and August 2010. Twenty cattle had had an omentopexy or pyloropexy performed 1 day to 2 years before initial evaluation. Cattle were afebrile, tachycardic, and moderately dehydrated, with a small zone of percussion with a ping at the 10th to 12th right intercostal spaces and associated succussion. Biochemical changes were a severe hypokalemic (mean ± SD, 2.9 ± 0.5 mmol/L; median, 3.1 mmol/L; range, 2.08 to 3.92 mmol/L), hypochloremic (mean, 69.7 ± 11.1 mmol/L; median, 71.7 mmol/L; range, 49.1 to 94.1 mmol/L) metabolic alkalosis (mean total CO(2), 44.5 ± 7.4 mmol/L; median, 45.3 mmol/L; range, 31.5 to 59.6 mmol/L) and hyperbilirubinemia (mean, 32.4 ± 29.0 μmol/L; median, 20.5 μmol/L; range, 7.8 to 107 μmol/L). Surgical findings for DSFV included an empty descending duodenum adjacent to a dorsally displaced and dilated cranial segment of the duodenum, distended abomasum and gallbladder, and a tight volvulus at the base of the duodenal sigmoid flexure. Manual reduction was considered successful if the descending duodenum filled after cranial duodenal massage. Twenty-two patients were successfully treated; the remaining 7 died or were euthanized within 4 days after surgery. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-A condition clinically resembling abomasal volvulus but affecting the duodenal sigmoid flexure has been recognized in dairy cattle. When a focal, dorsal right-sided ping and succussion are present combined with severe hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis and high bilirubin concentration, DSFV should be suspected, especially when there is a history of prior abomasal fixation. After surgical correction, the prognosis is fair to good.  相似文献   

Ultrasound evaluation of tympanic bulla in calves     

Véronique Bernier Gosselin  Marie Babkine  Sylvain Nichols  André Desrochers 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(8):849-854

An ultrasonographic approach for the tympanic bulla in calves is described. Ultrasound evaluation was performed through a lateral approach on 7 fetuses, 2 newborn calves, and 4 living calves of various ages. The probe was positioned caudal to the vertical mandibular ramus, ventral to the base of the ear. Three different positions of the probe were used. The tympanic bulla and adjacent structures were successfully identified and their ultrasonographic appearance described. Fluid within the tympanic bulla was visualized in 12 bullae in the cadavers and in 6 bullae in live calves. Ultrasound imaging has been shown to be useful but its diagnostic value remains to be studied in clinical cases of otitis media in calves.  相似文献   

Cetacean-reconstituted severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice respond to vaccination with canine distemper vaccine     

De Guise S  Levin MJ 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,97(3-4):177-186

Morbillivirus infections have been responsible for mass mortalities in several species of marine mammals. Nevertheless, relatively little is known on the pathogenesis of the disease and the immune response to the agent, especially in cetaceans, hindering the treatment of individuals and the development of appropriate vaccines, given the difficulty of performing experimental work in marine mammals. The reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which do not have the ability to reject grafts, with lymphocytes from different species has been used with increasing success as a surrogate species model to study the immune system. We injected NOD/SCID mice with lymphocytes from different species of cetaceans and further vaccinated those mice with a commercial canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccine to develop a practical model to study cetacean immune response to a morbillivirus. Reconstitution was detected in 10/20 mice reconstituted with harbor porpoise spleen, 6/10 mice reconstituted with harbor porpoise lymph node cells, 8/10 mice reconstituted with fresh beluga PBMCs and none of the mice reconstituted with neonate bottlenose dolphin spleen or thymus cells when assessed 42-63 days after reconstitution. While a humoral immune response was detected in none of the reconstituted mice, a cell-mediated immune response to the CDV vaccine was detected in 6/15 (40%) and 2/18 (11%) of the SCID mice after reconstitution with cetacean immune cells after a single or booster vaccination, respectively, for a combined total of 8/33 (24%). This represents the first demonstration of successful reconstitution of SCID mice with marine mammal cells, and to the authors' knowledge, the first direct demonstration of a primary antigen-specific cell-mediated immune response in reconstituted SCID mice. This model will be useful for further research on the physiology of the marine mammal immune system and its response to infectious agents and vaccines, with possible important outcomes in conservation issues.  相似文献   

Clostridium botulinum type C intoxication in feedlot steers being fed ensiled poultry litter.          下载免费PDF全文

D Jean  G Fecteau  D Scott  R Higgins    S Quessy 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1995,36(10):626-628

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Pharyngeal trauma in dairy cattle: 27 cases     

Diego E. Gomez  Andr Desrochers  David Francoz  Sylvain Nichols  Marie Babkine  Gilles Fecteau 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(4):1833-1839

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Teat laceration repair in cattle.     

Sylvain Nichols 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2008,24(2):295-305, vi-vii

Teat injuries are common in dairy cattle, and, compared with other frequently occurring diseases, these injuries often result in premature culling of affected cows. Teat injuries can be divided into two categories (external or internal injuries). All the different types of injuries/diseases, diagnostic approaches, and therapies have been described in a previous chapter. This chapter focuses only on teat lacerations (external injury).  相似文献   

Emission rates and physico-chemical characteristics of Mn particles emitted by vehicles using Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) as an octane improver     

Ardeleanu  Adriana  Loranger  Sylvain  Kennedy  Greg  L'Espérance  Gilles  Zayed  Joseph 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1999,115(1-4):411-427

Since 1990, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) has been added to all gasoline in Canada as an antiknock agent. The objective of this study is to determine the percentage of manganese emitted by different types of automobiles and to evaluate the size and chemical characteristics of the Mn-containing particles. Nine vehicles with different mileage and engine capacity were tested using standard procedures for urban and highway driving cycles. One ran on gasoline without MMT and served as a control. The particles were collected using two separate systems: a trapping device consisting of a water tank connected to the tailpipe and a pumping device linked to a cassette containing Teflon filters. Water samples were analyzed by neutron activation to determine the amount of Mn emitted at the tailpipe for each test. Teflon filters were analyzed by electron microscopy to determine the size and the chemical characteristics of the particles. The amount of manganese emitted from the tailpipe varied from 4 to 41% of the manganese consumed, depending on the driving cycle and the vehicle. For the urban cycle, the emission rate was positively correlated with previous mileage. Almost all particles found on teflon filters had a size less than 5 μm. They appeared to be mainly Mn oxides but other elements could be masked by the gold and paladium peaks.  相似文献   

Immunomodulatory Effects of Domoic Acid Differ Between In vivo and In vitro Exposure in Mice          下载免费PDF全文

Milton Levin  Heather Leibrecht  James Ryan  Frances Van Dolah    Sylvain De Guise 《Marine drugs》2008,6(4):636-659

The immunotoxic potential of domoic acid (DA), a well-characterized neurotoxin, has not been fully investigated. Phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation were evaluated following in vitro and in vivo exposure to assay direct vs indirect effects. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of DA (2.5 μg/g b.w.) and sampled after 12, 24, or 48 hr. In a separate experiment, leukocytes and splenocytes were exposed in vitro to 0, 1, 10, or 100 μM DA. In vivo exposure resulted in a significant increase in monocyte phagocytosis (12-hr), a significant decrease in neutrophil phagocytosis (24-hr), a significant decrease in monocyte phagocytosis (48-hr), and a significant reduction in T-cell mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation (24-hr). In vitro exposure significantly reduced neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis at 1 μM. B- and T-cell mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation were both significantly increased at 1 and 10 μM, and significantly decreased at 100 μM. Differences between in vitro and in vivo results suggest that DA may exert its immunotoxic effects both directly and indirectly. Modulation of cytosolic calcium suggests that DA exerts its effects through ionotropic glutamate subtype surface receptors at least on monocytes. This study is the first to identify DA as an immunotoxic chemical in a mammalian species.  相似文献   

An economic comparison of risk handling measures against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hylobius abietis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heterobasidion annosum</Emphasis> in the Landes de Gascogne Forest     

Marielle Brunette  Sylvain Caurla 《Annals of Forest Science》2016,73(3):777-787

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Low intra-tree variability in resistance to embolism in four Pinaceae species     

Pauline S. Bouche  Steven Jansen  Julia Cruz Sabalera  Hervé Cochard  Régis Burlett  Sylvain Delzon 《Annals of Forest Science》2016,73(3):681-689

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