Sequence of the canine c-yes proto-oncogene     

D. M. Zhao  S. Tateyama  N. Miyoshi  K. Uchida  R. Yamaguchi  T. Yamagami  T. Hayashi 《Research in veterinary science》1995,59(3)

Cloning of the canine yes oncogene was attempted from a c library derived from a healthy canine spleen using a human c-yes-1 probe. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that the canine yes gene contained an open reading frame consisting of 539 amino acids. Its product had a molecular mass of 60,368 Daltons and showed 95·9 per cent and 90·4 per cent homology with human and chick p61^c-yes, respectively. Moreover, the product had a myristylation signal, src homology region (SH) 3, SH2, and tyrosine kinase domains showing 98·8 per cent and 96·0 per cent homology with those of human beings and chickens, respectively. These findings indicate that the products of the canine yes gene may have non-receptor-type tyrosine kinase activity on the cell membrane, as is the case in human and chick p61^c-yes  相似文献   

Long-term lack of transmission of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) in a chronically infected Swedish weaner pig producing herd     

Marie Engel  David W. Hird  Tim E. Carpenter  Martin Wierup 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1995,24(4):245-252

A cohort of 53 swine seronegative to Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) was monitored in a 1 year study of a chronically infected commercial Swedish weaner pig producing herd. Serum samples were acquired from all 134 adult swine and analyzed by enzyme-linked immmunosorbent assay (ELISA). Animals testing negative, along with introduced replacement gilts, were followed serologically every second month. Movements of animals were recorded for 319 days and exposure to seropositive animals was calculated for each seronegative pig in the cohort. The accumulated daily pig contact between the 53 ADV-non-infected swine and 43 infected swine was 35 660 days and the median number of days in contact for the non-infected swine with infected was 222. Despite the frequent contact with seropositive pigs, no seronegative animals seroconverted during the first 11 months of observation. Forty-six of 53 pigs seroconverted after a clinical outbreak during the twelfth month of observation.  相似文献   

Inflammation and increased numbers of bacteria in the lower respiratory tract of horses within 6 to 12 hours of confinement with the head elevated   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

SHARANNE L. RAIDAL  DARIA N. LOVE  GD BAILEY 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(2):45-50

SUMMARY: Confinement of horses with their heads elevated for periods up to 24 hours was used to evaluate the extent and the effects of bacterial contamination of the equine lower respiratory tract. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in bacterial numbers (up to 10⁹ colony forming units/mL in transtracheal aspirate derived samples) occurred within 6 or 12 hours in most horses. Pasteurella/Actinobacillus spp and Streptococcus spp were most commonly isolated. Lowering of the head for 30 minutes every 6 hours to facilitate postural drainage did not prevent multiplication of organisms to levels equivalent to those achieved by horses where the head was elevated for 24 hours. When horses were released from confinement and heads were no longer maintained in an elevated position, clearance of accumulated secretions and bacteria occurred within 8 to 12 hours. Thus, confinement with the head elevated resulted in significant bacterial contamination and multiplication within the lower respiratory tract during a period often encountered in routine management procedures, such as transportation. The clearance of accumulated secretions occurred over a prolonged period after release from such confinement.  相似文献   

State intervention and farmer creativity: Integrated pest management among rice farmers in Subang,West Java     

Yunita T. Winarto 《Agriculture and Human Values》1995,12(4):47-57

The 1989 National Integrated Pest Management Program in Indonesia is a case of a breakthrough in national policy to enhance the ecological balance by conserving natural enemies and diminishing the indiscriminate use of pesticides in the protection of food crops. The Program provided training to agricultural officials and farmers to shift their perspectives in pesticide use through “knowledge transmission” rather than the transferal of “technological packages.” This paper examines how farmers, with the novel understanding they had, responded to the persisting top-down policy of the “complete credit packages” from the government rice intensification agencies and the recurrent outbreak of pests in 1990–1992. IPM knowledge and training provided initial understanding of, and the stimulus to discover, unknown phenomena on the basis of which farmers improved their knowledge and learning capacity. Constraints largely came from the inflexibility of the subsidized scheme of inputs and the inadequate explanation and extension services provided to farmers  相似文献   

Change in spatial characteristics of forest openings in the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California,USA   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Carl N. Skinner 《Landscape Ecology》1995,10(4):219-228

Change in the spatial characteristics of forest openings was investigated in three forested watersheds in north-western Siskiyou County, California totalling approximately 24,600 hectares. Watersheds with minimal human disturbance were chosen for study. However, fire suppression has been pervasive throughout. Characteristics of forest openings (area, perimeter, distance between neighboring openings) were measured on aerial photographs taken 41 years apart. An index of regional form was determined for the landscape. Shape complexity for each opening was calculated using two indices based upon fractals. Significant differences were found using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test between the perimeters, areas, distance from sample point to nearest opening, and distance between neighboring openings. The perimeters and areas became smaller, and the distances from the sample point to the nearest opening and between neighboring openings became greater over the 41 years between aerial photo sets. The estimated area occupied by openings decreased from 25.8 % to 15.6 % of the study area. No significant difference was found in the shape of the openings except as the shape indices were influenced by changes in size of the openings.This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and it is therefore in the public domain and not subject to copyright.  相似文献   

The combined effect of fenbendazole treatment and a move to aftermath 7 or 9 weeks after turnout on Dictyocaulus viviparus infections in calves     

M. Eysker  J. H. Boersema  F. N. J. Kooyman  T. J. G. M. Lam 《Veterinary parasitology》1995,60(3-4):339-348

A grazing study was performed with the main objective of examining the effect of fenbendazole (FBZ) in a ‘dose and move’ system on nematode infections in calves with special emphasis on Dictyocaulus viviparus.

Three groups of six calves were grazed from May to October 1993. One group (DM7) was treated with FBZ and moved to aftermath (pasture which had only been mown) 7 weeks after turnout. The second group (DM9) was similarly treated and moved 9 weeks after turnout and the third group served as untreated pasture control group (PC) and was moved to aftermath 9 weeks after turnout.

FBZ treatment removed adult lungworms from DM7 and DM9. Tracer calves grazed during the first 7 or the first 9 weeks after turnout acquired mean burdens of 18 and 125 lungworms, respectively. In PC faecal larval counts increased until the end of August. Most of the animals in this group were then suffering from lungworm disease and emergency treatment with ivermectin was given. In both FBZ-treated groups, larvae reappeared in the faeces of some of the calves 4–5 weeks after treatment. Subsequent reinfection resulted in higher mean faecal larval counts in both groups 2 months after treatment, although variation in faecal larval counts was high. In DM7 values tended to be higher than in DM9. These higher larval counts were associated with mild signs of parasitic bronchitis in some calves of DM7, whereas no signs were seen in DM9.

At the end of the experiment, all calves, and also a group of six permanently housed non-infected control calves (HC), were infected experimentally with 5000 D. viviparus larvae to evaluate development of immunity. The worm counts at necropsy showed that all calves on pasture had developed immunity.  相似文献   

Equine Melanocytic Tumors: A Retrospective Study of 53 Horses (1988 to 1991)     

Beth A. Valentine 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1995,9(5):291-297

A study of 57 cutaneous melanocytic tumors from 53 horses revealed 4 distinct clinical syndromes: melanocytic nevus, dermal melanoma, dermal melanomatosis, and anaplastic malignant melanoma. Melanocytic nevus and anaplastic melanoma each had histopathologic features that distinguished them from dermal melanoma and dermal melanomatosis. Dermal melanoma and dermal melanomatosis were histologically similar but could be differentiated by their clinical features. Melanocytic nevi were diagnosed in 29 horses with an average age of 5 years; they were solitary, superficial masses that occurred in both grey and nongrey horses, and in which surgical excision was generally curative. Dermal melanomas were diagnosed in 20 horses with an average age of 13 years; all horses of known coat color were grey. Eight horses with an average age of 7 years had 1 or 2 discrete dermal melanomas. Follow-up information was available for 6 horses; metastases occurred in 2 horses, and surgical excision was apparently curative in 4 horses. Dermal melanomatosis was diagnosed in 12 grey horses with an average age of 17 years; all 6 of these horses evaluated had internal metastases. In 2 aged nongrey horses with anaplastic malignant melanoma, the tumors metastasized within 1 year of diagnosis. Two tumors with features of both melanocytic nevus and dermal melanoma remained unclassified.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in rabbits   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. OGDEN  R.C. WILSON†  C.H. CLARK†  E.D COLBY† 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1995,18(2):156-159

  相似文献   

Relationships between catch and effort in Fijian multispecies reef fisheries subject to different levels of exploitation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. JENNINGS  N.V.C. POLUNIN 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》1995,2(2):89-101

Abstract The catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and value-of-catch-per-unit-effort (VPUE) of reef-associated fish species from six Fijian native fishing grounds ( qoliqoli ) subject to different fishing intensities were determined using records of fishing activity from a voluntary logbook scheme. Line and spear fishing techniques were used for more than half the total fishing time (h person^-1 d^-1) in all qoliqoli , and yet the favoured technique in a given qoliqoli was frequently less efficient (lower CPUE) than other techniques. The popularity of relatively ineffective fishing methods implies that fishermen did not always attempt to maximize their catch rates. To compare fishing effort in different qoliqoli , all effort was rescaled on the basis of its recorded efficiency (measured as multispecies CPUE) and expressed as hours equivalent to boat-based spear fishing over coral by day to catch fish for sale. Total fishing intensity in the six qoliqoli ranged from 72 to 4310 h km^-2 reef year^-1. The relationship between catch and effort was linear at all fishing intensities, suggesting that the qoliqoli were all fished on a sustainable basis. Furthermore, whilst there was a significant difference in CPUE and VPUE between the one or two qoliqoli with lowest fishing intensity and all the others, there were no significant differences between these other qoliqoli in terms of the VPUE of the saleable multispecies boat catch or the CPUE of species from piscivorous and carnivorous genera ( Epinephelus, Lethrinus and Plectropomus ) which the fishermen prefer to catch.  相似文献   

Storage of Non-structural Carbohydrates in Sweet Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.]: Comparison of Sterile and Fertile Lines     

R. Fortmeier  S. Schubert 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1995,175(3):189-193

The accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in vegetative parts of sweet sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) represents an intermediate reserve pool for grain filling as well as an irreversible storage up to maturity. In order to study the effect of Sterility on soluble sugar accumulation in vegetative parts, two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines of sweet sorghum were compared with their corresponding fertile mamtainers for non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in shoots. Plants were harvested at four different physiological stages. The lines showed significant differences in the yield of non-structural carbohydrates. At maturity, the yields of soluble carbohydrates from vegetative parts of the two sterile lines were 93 % and 43 % higher than the yield of the two corresponding fertile lines. At that stage, sucrose represented about 80 % of total soluble carbohydrates and the higher yield of soluble carbohydrates of sterile lines was mainly due to the higher yield of sucrose. This indicates that the yield of extractable carbohydrates, especially sucrose, in vegetative parts of sweet sorghum could be considerably improved by using sterile lines which are utilized in hybrid production.  相似文献