Lippia gracilis essential oil in β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: an environmentally safe formulation to control Aedes aegypti larvae     

Juliana G Galvo  Patrícia Cerpe  Darlisson A Santos  Joyce KMC Gonsalves  Adriana J Santos  Rafaela KV Nunes  Ana AM Lira  Pricles B Alves  Roseli La Corte  Arie F Blank  Gabriel F Silva  Scrates CH Cavalcanti  Rogria S Nunes 《Pest management science》2019,75(2):452-459

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Application of Tamarind Waste Extracts to Improve the Antioxidant Properties of Tamarind Nectars     

Souza  Danilo Santos  Souza  Jane Delane Reis Pimentel  Coutinho  Janclei Pereira  da Silveira  Tayse Ferreira Ferreira  Ballus  Cristiano Augusto  Filho  José Teixeira  Bolini  Helena Maria Andre  Godoy  Helena Teixeira 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(1):70-75

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Tamarind fruits are consumed worldwide and their seeds have an underexploited potential. We assessed the effect of the addition of a freeze-dried aqueous of...  相似文献   

Colletotrichum species causing grape ripe rot disease in Vitis labrusca and V. vinifera varieties in the highlands of southern Brazil     

Sergio Echeverrigaray  Fernando J. Scariot  Gabrielli Fontanella  Francesco Favaron  Luca Sella  Murilo C. Santos  Joséli Schwambach  Carine Pedrotti  Ana Paula L. Delamare 《Plant pathology》2020,69(8):1504-1512

Ripe rot is one of the most important bunch diseases of grapes in the highlands of southern Brazil and a matter of concern for winegrowers. Sixty-one strains isolated from berries of Vitis labrusca and V. vinifera varieties with symptoms were classified by phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of β-tubulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, D1/D2 domain of 28S rDNA, and rDNA internal transcribed spacer. They were also characterized by morphology, and their pathogenicity was evaluated. The combined molecular data allowed identification of six Colletotrichum species: C. fructicola, C. kahawae and C. viniferum (gloeosporioides complex), C. limitticola, C. nymphaeae (acutatum complex), and C. karstii (boninense complex). This is the first report of C. karstii and C. limitticola associated with the ripe rot of grapes. Morphological characteristics varied within and among species, confirming their separation at the complex level. Pathogenicity tests on V. vinifera berries showed that the most prevalent species, C. viniferum (37.8%) and C. fructicola (36.1%), were more virulent than the less prevalent species C. limitticola and C. karstii. Our findings indicate that there is a high diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with ripe rot disease of grapes in Brazil. There were no clear differences in the distribution of Colletotrichum species between V. labrusca and V. vinifera varieties. The determination of fungal species responsible for grape ripe rot in Brazilian vineyards may contribute to further epidemiological studies and the development of more efficient prophylactic methods for ripe rot management.  相似文献   

Analysis of Colletotrichum musae populations from Brazil reveals the presence of isolates with high competitive ability and reduced sensitivity to postharvest fungicides     

Iris C. H. L. Leite  Renata A. Silva  José E. C. C. Santos  Rejane L. Freitas-Lopes  Marcos P. S. Câmara  Sami J. Michereff  Ueder P. Lopes 《Plant pathology》2020,69(8):1529-1539

In this study, the sensitivity of 218 isolates of Colletotrichum musae to imazalil and thiabendazole was evaluated, as well the fitness and competitive ability of less sensitive isolates. There was a positive correlation between the sensitivity to the two fungicides, but the isolates were more sensitive to imazalil. The estimated effective concentration of the fungicide able to inhibit mycelial growth by 50% (EC₅₀) was used to select four isolates with the lowest and the highest values for both fungicides, which were considered as sensitive (S) and less sensitive (LS), respectively. The level of sensitivity was maintained after 10 successive transfers on fungicide-free medium. Both fungicides were effective in controlling the disease caused by S isolates of C. musae in detached banana fruit when recommended doses were used. However, only imazalil was able to control the disease caused by LS isolates. For both fungicides, analysis of fitness-related variables (mycelial growth, sporulation, germination, and virulence) showed no difference between the groups of S and LS isolates, but a large variation was observed within the group. The LS isolates to thiabendazole that showed a mutation (F200Y) in the β-tubulin gene did not have fitness penalties. Our results allow a better understanding of the sensitivity and fitness of isolates of C. musae from Brazil, and demonstrate the importance of periodic monitoring to determine the frequency of LS isolates in populations, aiming at more effective management of anthracnose in banana orchards in Brazil.  相似文献   

Effect of Dietary Essential Oils Supplementation on Growth Performance,Nutrient Utilization,and Protein Digestibility of Juvenile Gilthead Seabream Fed a Low‐Fishmeal Diet          下载免费PDF全文

Vera Rodrigues  Rita Colen  Laura Ribeiro  Gonçalo Santos  Rui A. Gonçalves  Jorge Dias 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(4):676-685

The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of supplemental plant essential oils (PEOs) on the growth performance and digestive processes of juvenile gilthead seabream. Three experimental diets were tested: (1) a control (CTRL) diet formulated with low marine‐derived protein level (19%); (2) CTRL diet supplemented with a blend of anise, citrus, and oregano essential oils at 1.2 g/kg (diet Phyto C); and (3) CTRL diet supplemented with a similar blend at 0.2 g/kg, but in encapsulated form (diet Phyto E). Triplicate groups of 20 fish (mean initial body weight = 27.9 ± 2.1 g) were fed the experimental diets over 63 d. Results showed that specific growth rate, voluntary feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly affected by the two dietary supplements. The commercial blend of PEOs tested here can be successfully incorporated into a low‐fishmeal diet to maximize protein and fat retention and to minimize nitrogenous losses in seabream juveniles. Phyto E presented a decrease in nitrogenous metabolic and fecal losses. The practical implications of including this plant‐based blend in aquafeeds can potentially include faster fish growth and improved production time, but these remain to be tested in a longer experimental trial.  相似文献   

Phosphorus availability and grass growth in biochar-modified acid soil: A study excluding the effects of soil pH     

Aymbiré Angeletti Fonseca  Danilo Andrade Santos  Renato Ribeiro Passos  Felipe Vaz Andrade  Otacílio José Passos Rangel 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(4):714-725

The low efficiency of phosphorus fertilization in weathered soils can limit plant development. The application of biochars in these areas has been seen as an important way to increase the efficiency of phosphorus fertilization and to promote better plant growth. However, biochars are alkaline materials that can increase soil pH and thus change the nutrient dynamics, which has been often ignored in studies of this nature. Here, all treatments had their pH standardized at 6.1 to eliminate the influence of pH on biochar application responses. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the real potential of coffee straw and eucalyptus bark biochars, produced under different pyrolysis temperatures, in the optimization of phosphorus fertilization and the development of Brachiaria brizantha. A greenhouse experiment was set up in a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial scheme, conducted for 120 days. The biochars, prepared from coffee straw and eucalyptus bark at 350 and 600°C, were applied at five rates in a Red-Yellow Oxisol. The application of biochars may reduce the demand for nutrients and correctives, optimize phosphorus fertilization and improve the development of Brachiaria brizantha, but this ability depends on the raw material and the pyrolysis temperature used in its production. All analysed biochars can contribute to higher tillering and dry matter production, but only coffee straw biochars and eucalyptus bark biochar produced at 350°C were efficient in the optimization of phosphorus fertilization until 120 days of cultivation of Brachiaria brizantha.  相似文献   

Land use capability classification adaptation in low and intermediate technology farming systems: A soil erosion indicator     

Luís R. S. Taveira  David C. Weindorf  Michele D. De Menezes  Teotonio Soares de Carvalho  Paulo Emílio F. Da Motta  Anita Fernanda dos Santos Teixeira  Nilton Curi 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):164-180

Land classification assists in identifying optimal crop selection for a given field, and land use capability gives an indication of potential agronomic productivity. However, these approaches are most germane to farming systems managed with high technology. This study sought to adapt land use capability to farming systems managed with low and intermediate levels of technology. Assessment of the classification criteria was conducted using erosion data as a primary indicator. The adapted (and currently in effect) criteria were compared in three regions in Minas Gerais, Brazil, each one representing one of the management levels. Erosion often results from inappropriate practices in land use or management. Therefore, maps of adequacy of land use and management were used to measure how well each one corresponded to the erosion map. The adapted criteria changed the spatial distribution of the classes of land use capability in different ways. Correspondence between the land use/management map and the erosion map increased from 71% to 88.5% when the criteria adapted to an intermediate level of management were used. It also increased from 62.9% to 66.7% when the criteria adapted to a low level of management were considered, better reflecting current erosion. Therefore, adopting adapted classification criteria is recommended for planning land use in locations where farming systems with low and intermediate levels of management are common, requiring re‐adaptation and reassessment depending on socio‐environmental factors.  相似文献   

Representativeness of national parks in protecting freshwater biodiversity: A case of Brazilian savanna     

Ruanny Casarim  Yuri Malta Caldeira  Paulo Santos Pompeu 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(4):705-721

The establishment of national parks are an important and often-used tool to protect biodiversity. However, when considering freshwater ecosystems, many of these areas in Brazil are habitat mosaics in which a small part of the ecosystem is protected and strongly influenced by the surrounding environment. By assessing the fish fauna and their diversity patterns in five national parks (NPs) within the Brazilian savanna, we discuss whether the establishment of new NPs or the expansion of their current conservation limits would potentially conserve additional species. We selected all national parks within the third largest drainage area in Brazil. To sample fish communities, we explored 60 streams through a standardised field protocol. We also simulated the potential impact of the enlargement or implementation of a new national park. Our results reinforce the importance of national parks and their surrounding areas to preserve fish species. The enlargement of national parks would result in an increase of potentially protected species; however, the same achievement would be obtained if their buffer zones were effectively managed and protected. We recommend an alternative conservation approach to increase protection of tropical savanna fish biodiversity, especially in developing countries such as Brazil with scarce financial resources available for management, monitoring and creation of protected areas.  相似文献   

Fractionation and Distribution of Metals in Guadiamar River Sediments (SW Spain)     

Antonio Santos  Juan Luis Santos  Irene Aparicio  Esteban Alonso 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,207(1-4):103-113

Traditionally, the Guadiamar River (Seville, Southwest Spain) has received pollution from two different sources, in its upper section, from a pyrite exploitation (Los Frailes mine) and, in its lower section, from untreated urban and industrial wastes and from intensive agricultural activities. In 1998, the accidental spillage of about 6 million m³ of acid water and sludge from mine tailings to Guadiamar River worsened the pollution of an already contaminated area. The main polluting agents of the spillage were heavy metals. The total concentration of a metal provides scarce information about the effects on environmental processes or about the toxicity of the sediment samples. A more sophisticated fractionation of the sediment samples based on a species distribution can help to understand the behaviour and fate of the metals. This article describes a distribution study of the metals Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn by fractionation analysis of sediments from eleven sample sites alongside the Guadiamar Riverbed. The samples were collected in summer 2002, four years after the spillage and after the area had been cleaned. Sequential extraction analysis resulted in the definition of four fraction categories: exchangeable metal (the most available fraction), reducible metal (bound to hydrous oxides of Fe and Mn), oxidizable metal (bound to organic matter and sulphides) and a residual fraction (bound to minerals). Significant increases in the available fraction of several potentially toxic metal ions like Cd, Mn and Zn were found. The distribution pattern was variable along the River. At the site closest to the mineworks, the soluble forms of Cd, Mn and Zn were significantly more abundant that those downstream. Cu and Pb were present in the reducible fraction while Fe was present associated in the residual fraction.  相似文献   

Elemental characterization of commercial mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) before and after hot water infusion using ion beam techniques     

Giulian R  Santos CE  Shubeita Sde M  Silva LM  Dias JF  Yoneama ML 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(3):741-746

Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. is used to prepare a traditional tealike beverage widely appreciated in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil. In these countries, the tea is popularly known as mate or chimarr?o. The aim of this work is to characterize the elemental composition of commercial Ilex paraguariensis and determine the portion of each element present in the leaves that is eluted in the water during the infusion process and consequently ingested by the drinker. Using the particle-induced X-ray emission technique, we verified the presence of Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Rb at different concentrations, which accounts for about 3.4% of the total mass. The results show a loss of about 90% of K and Cl, 50% of Mg and P, and 20% of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Rb by the leaves after the infusion. The volume of water used in the infusion affects only the concentration of elements such as Cl, P, K, and Mg until the first 600 mL of water, where a steep decrease in the concentration of these elements was observed in brewed leaves. Furthermore, higher water temperatures (typical temperatures used in infusions, between 80 and 100 degrees C) favor the extraction of K and Cl into the infusion, while the concentration of other elements remains practically constant as a function of temperature.  相似文献