甘蔗体内的蔗糖积累     

赵丽宏  王俊刚  杨本鹏  张树珍  蔡文伟  吴转娣 《广西农业生物科学》2009,(2):385-390

成熟甘蔗茎秆积累高浓度蔗糖,其蔗糖积累涉及到蔗糖的合成、分解和运输等生理过程,而调控甘蔗茎中蔗糖积累的关键性因素是存在于快速发育的茎细胞中蔗糖糖代谢相关酶的活性和蔗糖的跨膜运输能力,而不是作为源叶输出光合产物的能力和韧皮部运输蔗糖的效率。为此,本文主要从蔗糖进入茎节的途径、蔗糖在液泡中的积累及其调控等方面作了概述,并指出运用分子生物学、反向遗传学和细胞生物学手段研究有关酶基因、功能性蛋白、糖信号对甘蔗蔗糖运输和积累的作用将是今后的重要研究方向。  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with alfalfa in Serbian soils     

Olivera Stajkovi?-Srbinovi?  Sofie E. De Meyer  Bogi? Mili?i?  Du?ica Deli?  Anne Willems 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(5):531-545

We have evaluated the genetic diversity and phylogeny of alfalfa rhizobia, originating from different types of soils in Serbia and their ability to establish an effective symbiosis with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). A collection of 65 strains isolated from root nodules of alfalfa were characterized by rep-PCR analysis, partial and complete 16S rDNA gene and recA gene sequencing, as well as atpD gene sequencing and DNA–DNA hybridizations. The results of the sequence analyses revealed that Sinorhizobium meliloti is the dominant species in alfalfa nodules. Only one strain was identified as Sinorhizobium medicae, two strains as Rhizobium tibeticum and one strain as Rhizobium sp. Despite the fact that the majority of strains were identified as S. meliloti, a high genetic diversity at strain level was detected. Almost all isolates shared the ability to nodulate and fix nitrogen with M. sativa, except 11 of them, which were incapable of fixing nitrogen with this species. About 50% of the isolates showed values of symbiotic effectiveness (SE) above 50%, while 10% of the strains were highly effective with SE values above 70%. Some of the strains which were highly effective in nitrogen fixation at the same time could intensively solubilize phosphates, offering a possibility for multipurpose inoculum development. This was the first genetic study of rhizobia isolated from this region and also the first report of natural presence of R. tibeticum in root nodules of M. sativa.  相似文献   

不同含水率下日光温室土壤温度变化规律的峰拟合法拟合   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

塔娜  五十六  马文娟  陈斌  朱英开 《农业工程学报》2014,30(20):204-210

为了探讨中国西北寒冷干旱地区冬季日光温室内土壤含水率和温度变化规律,该文对内蒙古呼和浩特市日光温室内土壤温度和含水率进行了测试,并利用峰拟合法对不同含水率下的土壤温度进行了拟合。试验表明,在强蒸发条件下,随着土壤温度的升高,土壤非饱和导水率提高,从而将干湿发生面下方的液态水引入干湿发生面。峰拟合函数的最小拟合度为0.95907。通过计算得知,降低含水率能提高白天和夜间的土壤平均温度。验证估计Extreme函数得知,只要确定偏移y0、中心xc、宽度w、幅值A即可得土壤温度对时间的变化函数。该方法可以有效地减少测试点的数量,并把离散的数据点转化为连续函数从而进行微积分分析,提高检测效率。  相似文献   

乳酸菌固态混合发酵研究     

方芳  张恒  贾建波  赵玉萍  张海宁  吕华清 《饲料工业》2011,32(23)

以玉米粉、豆粕、麦麸为基质,以保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌为发酵菌种,采用固态发酵技术,以活菌数为指标,通过单因素和L9(34)正交试验确定了三种菌混合发酵的最佳条件,并对其发酵产物的常规营养成分进行分析测定。结果表明:固态基质中玉米粉:豆粕:麦麸=1:1:1、培养基初始含水量80%p、H值6.3、接种量为10%、三种菌接种比例为1:1:1、发酵温度40℃时的发酵效果最好。在此条件下,保加利亚乳杆菌数为3.0×109 CFU/g,嗜酸乳杆菌数为4.6×109 CFU/g,嗜热链球菌数为5.8×109 CFU/g,发酵产物粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和氨基酸态氮含量分别是发酵前的1.16、1.12和6.94倍。为开发一种新型生物饲料打下基础。  相似文献   

Field efficacy of different vaccines against infectious bursal disease in broiler flocks     

Zorman Rojs O  Krapež U  Slavec B  Juršič-Cizerl R  Poljanec T 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2011,59(3):385-398

A field study was performed to determine the efficacy of three commercially available vaccines against infectious bursal disease (IBD) in commercial broilers raised in a high IBD virus (IBDV) risk area. Live attenuated intermediate and intermediate plus vaccines were used in four flocks. Birds were vaccinated orally at the estimated vaccination time. Three broiler flocks were vaccinated subcutaneously with a turkey herpesvirus (HVT)-IBD vector vaccine at one day old. Evaluation of the efficacy of different vaccines was focused on humoral immune response, bursa/body weight (B/Bw) ratio, molecular detection of IBDV in ileocaecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricius, and production parameters. The serological results showed that although the uptake of all three vaccine strains was confirmed in the lymphoid organs, no significant antibody response to vaccination was detected in flocks vaccinated with intermediate and intermediate plus vaccines. A significant increase in antibody titres detected in flocks vaccinated with the vector vaccine indicated its ability to induce an immune response in birds with a high level of maternally derived antibodies. Observations obtained in this field trial did not confirm the expected reduction of the B/Bw ratio in flocks vaccinated with less attenuated vaccines. No significant differences were observed between birds vaccinated with the vector vaccine and those immunised with the intermediate plus vaccine. Very virulent IBDV was confirmed in the flock vaccinated with the intermediate vaccine. The infection induced reduced B/Bw and moderate mortality but did not affect the production parameters. Field infection was not detected in broilers vaccinated with the intermediate plus vaccine and the vector vaccine.  相似文献   

The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on large pig breeding farms in Croatia     

Habrun B  Račić I  Beck R  Budimir A  Benić M  Kompes G  Spičić S  Cvetnić Z 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2011,59(4):419-425

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have emerged worldwide and have become resistant to a variety of antibiotics. MRSA colonisation in pigs was first reported from the Netherlands in 2005, where pigs were implicated as a source of human MRSA infections (Voss et al., 2005). This paper presents the first report on the presence of MRSA on large pig breeding farms in Croatia, together with the determination of the mecA gene, the results of spa typing and susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials. Dust samples (7-11 per farm) were collected from eight large pig farms in Croatia. Of the total 68 swabs, the mecA gene was detected in 24 isolates growing on the MRSA agar. All isolates were resistant to oxacillin, tetracycline and streptomycin, and susceptible only to vancomycin, while 92% of the strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Genotyping of the MRSA strains was performed by spa typing, and revealed t011 (n = 17), t034 (n = 5) and t1451 (n = 2). The results presented here predict that MRSA is present on a large number of pig farms in Croatia.  相似文献   

New Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR assay for the biovar typing of Brucella suis and the discrimination of Brucella suis and Brucella canis     

López-Goñi I  García-Yoldi D  Marín CM  de Miguel MJ  Barquero-Calvo E  Guzmán-Verri C  Albert D  Garin-Bastuji B 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,154(1-2):152-155

Rapid and specific identification of Brucella suis at the biovar level is necessary because some of the biovars that infect animals are pathogenic for humans. None of the molecular typing methods described so far are able to discriminate B. suis biovars in a single test and differentiation of B. suis from Brucella canis by molecular approaches can be difficult. This article describes a new multiplex PCR assay, Suis-ladder, for fast and accurate identification of B. suis at the biovar level and the differentiation of B. suis, B. canis and Brucella microti. An advancement of the original Bruce-ladder PCR protocol which allows the correct discrimination of all known Brucella species is also described.  相似文献   

Heavy Metals Removal in a Horizontal Rotating Tubular Bioreactor     

Ton?i Rezi?  Michaela Zeiner  Bo?idar ?antek  Sr?an Novak 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,214(1-4):343-355

Mixed microbial culture was isolated from heavy metal-contaminated ground soils located inside iron, vinyl and cement factory area. Isolated mixed microbial culture was used for the heavy metal ions (Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺) removal process in horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor (HRTB). In this research, the effect of bioreactor process parameters on the bioprocess dynamics in the HRTB was studied. Results of this research have shown that profiles of heavy metals concentration were gradually reduced along HRTB at all combinations of bioreactor process parameters [inflow rates (0.5?C2.0 L?h^-1) and rotation speed (5?C30 min^-1)]. Hydrodynamic conditions and biomass sorption capacity have main impact on the metal ions removal efficiency that was varied in the range of 38.1% to 95.5%. Notable pH gradient (cca 0.7 pH unit) along the HRTB was only observed at the inflow rate of 2.0 L?h^-1. On the basis of obtained results, it is clear that medium inflow rate (F) has higher impact on the heavy metal removal process than bioreactor rotation speed (n) due to the fact that increase of inflow rate was related to the reduction of equilibrium time for all examined metal ions. Furthermore, equilibrium times for all metal ions are significantly shorter than medium residence times at all examined combinations of bioreactor process parameters. The main impact on the biofilm sorption capacity has covalent index of metal ions and biofilm volumetric density. The sorption capacity of suspended microbial biomass is closely related to its concentration. Results of this research have also shown that the removal of heavy metals ion can be successfully conducted in an HRTB as a one-step process.  相似文献   

Comparison of hydroponic culture and culture in a peat/sand mixture and the influence of nutrient solution and plant density on seed potato yields     

J. Muro  V. Díaz  J. L. Goñi  Carmen Lamsfus 《Potato Research》1997,40(4):431-438

Summary Two culture systems for propagating first generation potatoes were compared; the traditional system used a peat/sand mixture with mineral fertilizer, and hydroponic culture used perlite and nutrient solution. Total production and the number of tubers obtained using the hydroponic system were significantly higher than using the traditional culture system. Tuber yields from in vitro plants and minitubers depended upon time of year. During the autumn/winter cycle yield from minitubers was double that from in vitro plants, whereas the reverse was true during the spring/summer cycle. Four hydroponic test cultures were carried out to study the influence of seed density. The number of tubers obtained increased significantly with seed density but there was no decrease in the number of large-diameter tubers.  相似文献   

绵羊X染色体59194976位点多态分析及其与尾（臀）脂性状相关性研究     

王世银  张伟  沈敏  李欢  梁耀伟  杨井泉  高磊  甘尚权  王新华 《广西农业生物科学》2013,(5):575-580

尾脂沉积能力在脂尾型绵羊和瘦尾型绵羊问存在很大的差异,但其沉积脂肪的遗传特性与分子机制仍不明晰。为此,本研究选择尾型极端差异的阿勒泰羊（巨型脂臀）、湖羊（短脂尾）和黑萨福克羊（长瘦尾）,采用PCR-RFLP方法检测绵羊X染色体59194976位点多态性,分析其与尾（臀）脂沉积能力的相关性。结果表明：在阿勒泰羊群体中G等位基因属优势等位基因,其两等位基因比值（G／A）分别是湖羊和黑萨福克羊的6倍和68倍,且G等位基因在阿勒泰羊中趋于纯合。卡方检验结果表明,阿勒泰羊在该位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（p〉0．05）,而湖羊和黑萨福克羊在该位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg极不平衡状态（p〈0．01）。以上结果提示,绵羊x染色体59194976位点SNP可作为理想的分子标记应用于高、低脂绵羊品种选育。  相似文献