GOAnnotator: linking protein GO annotations to evidence text     

Francisco M Couto  Mário J Silva  Vivian Lee  Emily Dimmer  Evelyn Camon  Rolf Apweiler  Harald Kirsch  Dietrich Rebholz-Schuhmann 《Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration》2006,1(1):19

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Environmental factors at different spatial scales governing soil fauna community patterns in fragmented forests   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pedro Martins da Silva  Matty P. Berg  Artur R. M. Serrano  Florence Dubs  José Paulo Sousa 《Landscape Ecology》2012,27(9):1337-1349

Spatial and temporal changes in community structure of soil organisms may result from a myriad of processes operating at a hierarchy of spatial scales, from small-scale habitat conditions to species movements among patches and large-sale landscape features. To disentangle the relative importance of spatial and environmental factors at different scales (plot, patch and landscape), we analyzed changes in Collembola community structure along a gradient of forest fragmentation, testing predictions of the Hierarchical Patch Dynamics Paradigm (HPDP) in different European biogeographic regions (Boreal, Continental, Atlantic, Mediterranean, Alpine). Using variance partitioning methods, based on partial CCAs, we observed that the independent effect of environmental processes was significantly explaining Collembola community variance in all regions, while the relative effect of spatial variables was not significant, due to the observed high levels of landscape heterogeneity along the gradient. Environmental factors at the patch and plot scales were generally significant and explained the larger part of community changes. Landscape variables were not significant across all study sites. Yet, at the landscape level, an increase in forest habitat and proximity of forest patches were showed to have an indirect influence on local community changes, by influencing microhabitat heterogeneity at lower spatial scales in all studied regions. In line with HPDP, large-scale landscape features influenced spatio-temporal changes in soil fauna communities by constraining small-scale environmental processes. In turn, these provided mechanistic understanding for diversity patterns operating at the patch scale, via shifts in community weighted mean of Collembola life-forms occurring in local communities along the fragmentation gradient.  相似文献   

Heart rate variability parameters of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs with and without heart failure obtained using 24-hour Holter electrocardiography     

Oliveira MS  Muzzi RA  Araújo RB  Muzzi LA  Ferreira DF  Nogueira R  Silva EF 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(24):622

Time-domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and the correlation between echocardiography and Holter examinations in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) were determined. Holter examination was also performed at different time frames: an entire 24-hour period, a four-hour period during sleep, and a four-hour period while awake. Ten healthy (control group) and 28 MMVD dogs, 15 with and 13 without heart failure, were evaluated. The SDANN (sd of the mean normal RR intervals for all five-minute segments during 24-hour Holter) and pNN(50) (percentage of differences between adjacent normal RR intervals that are >50 ms computed over 24-hour Holter) variables were significantly lower in the dogs with MMVD heart failure. The differences in HRV between the groups were only detected during the 24-hour evaluation period (P<0.05). There were high correlations (canonical analysis) between Holter and echocardiography examinations when considering pNN(50), SDANN, and LA/AO (left atrial to aortic root ratio) (r=0.92; P<0.05), indicating that both are important in evaluating MMVD dogs. SDANN and pNN(50) are measures of parasympathetic control of the heart, and thus, it is possible to infer that the MMVD dogs exhibit parasympathetic withdrawal during the development of heart failure.  相似文献   

Tifton hay, soybean hulls, and whole cottonseed as fiber source in spineless cactus diets for sheep     

Suellen Brandão de Miranda Costa  Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira  Ricardo A. Silva Pessoa  Ângela Maria Vieira Batista  Alenice Ozino Ramos  Maria Gabriela da Conceição  Luiz Henrique dos Santos Gomes 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(8):1993-2000

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of three different sources of fiber (tifton hay, soybean hulls, and whole cottonseed) in spineless cactus diets for sheep in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Twenty-one sheep in finishing phase with indeterminate breed, non-castrated, and with initial weight of 18.90?±?1.07 kg were randomly distributed to individual stalls where they were confined for the duration of the experiment. The intakes of dry and organic matter, total carbohydrates, and total digestive nutrients were not influenced (P?>?0.10) by the different fiber sources (1.10, 0.97, 0.73, and 0.80 kg/day, respectively). However, sheep which received the whole cottonseed diet were characterized by a lower (P?<?0.10) intake of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber and greater (P?<?0.10) intake of ether extract (0.11, 0.29, and 0.048 kg/day, respectively). The different sources of fiber resulted in similar times spent feeding (P?>?0.10), although the rumination time was greater for tifton hay (P?<?0.10) (429.05 min/day). The digestibility coefficient of dry and organic matter differed between the treatments (P?<?0.10), with the soybean hull diet showing a higher level of digestion (83.23 and 86.72 %, respectively). The whole cottonseed diet gave the smallest digestibility coefficient of crude protein (68.95 %) and greatest for ether extract (85.94 %). The daily weight gain of animals fed on whole cottonseed was significantly lower (P?<?0.10). On the basis of these findings, we recommend the use of tifton hay or soybean hulls as important additional source of fiber in forage spineless cactus diets for sheep in finishing phase.  相似文献   

Ingestive behavior of pastured crossbred dairy cows offered different supplement types     

Aline Medeiros de Paula Mendes  Dulciene Karla de Andrade Silva  Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira  Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Veras  Geane Dias Gonçalves Ferreira  Ricardo Brauer Vigoderis  Helton Gregory Santos Arcanjo  Jarbas Miguel Silva Jr.  Josimar Santos de Almeida  Anna Christine Alencar Fotius  Glébio de Almeida Farias 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):231-237

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different supplements on the behavior variables of crossbred dairy cows that were in pasture that comprised two 4?×?4 Latin squares (four periods, four treatments, and four animals). Each experimental period lasted 15 days (10 days to adapt animals to treatments and 5 days for data collection). The animals were supplemented twice a day, with different forage (corn silage and cactus pear) and concentrate sources (soy mea + wheat meal + corn meal + cotton seed together and soy meal as a single constituent of the concentrate). A significant difference (p?<?0.10) was observed for the percentage of time spent consuming the supplement and for idleness, rumination, and bite rate at the time of supplementation. The supplement intake period was greater for the cactus pear-based supplements due to the lower dry matter content. Those based on corn silage resulted in longer rumination periods than those consisting of cactus pear; however, the opposite was observed for supplements based on the cactus, which showed higher percentages of time for idleness. The supplementation influenced the ingestive behavior of crossbred dairy cows.  相似文献   

Economical and financial analysis of lamb finishing fed with diets formulated according to the NRC (1985) and the NRC (2007)     

Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro Rogério  Eliane Minervina de Castro  Espedito Cezário Martins  Jomar Patrício Monteiro  Kleibe de Moraes Silva  Magno José Duarte Cândido  Tereza Cristina Lacerda Gomes  Antoine Francis Roux Bloc  Ângela Maria de Vasconcelos  Eneas Reis Leite  Hélio Henrique Araújo Costa 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):259-266

This study compares both versions of the nutritional requirement system determined by the National Research Council (NRC) version 1985 (NRC85) and NRC version 2007 (NRC07), for finishing lambs in feedlots. Nineteen crossbred lambs were divided in four groups representing four experimental treatments: one diet according to NRC85 and three diets according to NRC07. The diets recommended by NRC07 considers crude protein intake relative to ruminal undegradable protein at 20, 40, and 60 % levels (NRC07/20, NRC07/40, and NRC07/60). Diets were composed of Brazilian semi-arid native grass silage, soybean meal, corn, annatto byproduct, and limestone. Purchases and sales of lambs were done according to average market prices in Brazil. The economic indicators considered pointed that all treatments were viable but NRC07/20 and NRC07/60 were more profitable with similar net present values (NPVs) and internal return rates (IRRs). NRC07/20 was the best option showing an IRR of 17.20 % and a payback period (PP) of 5.07 considering a fixed annual interest rate of 6 %. Sensitivity analysis considering a 10 % raise in variable costs showed negative NPVs, IRRs inferior to the opportunity cost rates adopted and PPs that exceeded the planning horizon of 7 years for both NRC85 and NRC07/40.  相似文献   

Molecular detection of Streptococcus agalactiae in bovine raw milk samples obtained directly from bulk tanks     

Elias AO  Cortez A  Brandão PE  da Silva RC  Langoni H 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):34-38

Mastitis is the most common infectious disease affecting dairy cattle; in addition, it remains the most economically important disease of dairy industries around the world. Streptococcus agalactiae, a contagious pathogen associated with subclinical mastitis, is highly infectious. This bacterium can cause an increase in bulk tank bacterial counts (BTBC) and bulk tank somatic cell counts (BTSCC). The microbiological identification of S. agalactiae in samples from bulk tanks is an auxiliary method to control contagious mastitis. Thus, there are some limitations for time-consuming cultures or identification methods and additional concerns about the conservation and transport of samples. Bulk tank samples from 247 dairy farms were cultured and compared through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), directed to 16S rRNA genes of S. agalactiae, followed by BTBC and S. agalactiae isolation. The mean value of BTBC was 1.08×10(6) CFU mL(-1) and the bacterium was identified through the microbiological method in 98 (39.7%; CI(95%)=33.8-45.9%) and through PCR in 110 (44.5%; CI(95%)=38.5-50.8%) samples. Results indicated sensitivity of 0.8571±0.0353 (CI(95%)=0.7719-0.9196) and specificity of 0.8255±0.0311 (CI(95%)=0.7549-0.8827). The lack of significant difference between microbiological and molecular results (κ=0.6686±0.0477 and CI(95%)=0.5752-0.7620) indicated substantial agreement between the methods. This suggests that PCR can be used for bulk tank samples to detect contagious mastitis caused by S. agalactiae.  相似文献   

PAF increases phagocytic capacity and superoxide anion production in equine alveolar macrophages and blood neutrophils     

Muehlmann LA  Michelotto PV  Nunes EA  Grando FC  da Silva FT  Nishiyama A 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):393-397

Phagocytosis exerted by alveolar macrophages and neutrophils is crucial in the clearance of exogenous particles deposited in the airways. Therefore, substances that activate these phagocytes in the airways can exert important effects on the particle clearance rate. PAF, particularly, was proved to be a potent activator of several immune cells and was shown to be present in the equine lower airways in specific conditions, such as after exercise. The present study aimed to investigate if PAF is able to increase the phagocytic capacity and the production of superoxide anion in equine alveolar macrophage and blood neutrophils. The results show that PAF increased these parameters in both phagocytes even in concentrations as low as 0.1 and 1.0 nM. On that ground, the present work suggests that PAF is involved in the process of particle clearance in equine lower airways.  相似文献   

Intake,digestibility, performance,and carcass traits of beef cattle of different gender     

Lage IN  Paulino PV  Pires CV  Villela SD  Duarte Mde S  Valadares Filho Sde C  Paulino MF  Maia BA  Silva LH  Teixeira CR 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):361-367

The performance, intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits of beef cattle from different gender profile were assessed. Fifteen animals (five steers, five spayed heifers, and five intact heifers) with ±250 kg of initial body weight were randomly assigned in individual pens and fed the same diet for 106 days. At the end of the trial, all the animals were slaughtered and the pH, temperature, and weight of the carcass were recorded. The right side of each carcass was then separated into chuck, shoulder, flank sirloin, and round for evaluation of commercial cuts yield. The left carcass sides were ribbed between the 12th and 13th ribs where the rib eye area and fat thickness measurements were taken. The 9th–11th rib section was removed from the left half carcass and then dissected into muscle, fat, and bones in order to estimate carcass composition. Gender had no effect (P > 0.05) on performance, intake, digestibility of dry matter and all the nutrients evaluated, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics. It can be concluded that steers and heifers (spayed or not) have the same potential to produce beef. From a productive and welfare standpoint, there is no reason to spay heifers.  相似文献   

Expression of genes associated with the antigen presentation and processing pathway are consistently regulated in early Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection     

Purdie AC  Plain KM  Begg DJ  de Silva K  Whittington RJ 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2012,35(2):151-162

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate early gene expression profiles associated with paratuberculosis in cattle exposed to known infectious doses of Mycobacterium avium sub-species paratuberculosis (MAP). A Johne's disease experimental infection field trial was conducted on a mixed population of Holstein and Holstein Red cattle. Blood samples from four MAP exposed and four unexposed cattle, selected based on IFNγ expressions were taken at 9, 13 and 21 weeks and RNA processed to Affymetrix GeneChip? Bovine Genome arrays. Ontological analysis revealed consistent differences in gene expression between MAP exposed and control animals. A stark variation was observed in expression of a number of genes along antigen presentation pathways, suggesting that MAP exposure potentially results in the host immune response switching to a CD8(+) biased antigen presentation profile. This requires further in-depth analysis since it exposes a hitherto unconfirmed association between MAP exposure and in vivo MHC gene modulation.  相似文献