Erythritol attenuates the diabetic oxidative stress through modulating glucose metabolism and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats     

Yokozawa T  Kim HY  Cho EJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(19):5485-5489

We investigated the effects of erythritol on rats with streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes mellitus. Oral administration of erythritol [100, 200, or 400 mg (kg body weight)(-1) day(-1) for 10 days] to rats with STZ-induced diabetes resulted in significant decreases in the glucose levels of serum, liver, and kidney. Erythritol also reduced the elevated serum 5-hydroxymethylfurfural level that is glycosylated with protein as an indicator of oxidative stress. In addition, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels of serum and liver and kidney mitochondria were dose-dependently lower in the erythritol-treated groups than in the control diabetic group. Furthermore, the serum creatinine level was reduced by oral administration of erythritol in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that erythritol affects glucose metabolism and reduces lipid peroxidation, thereby improving the damage caused by oxidative stress involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes.  相似文献   

Influence of green tea polyphenol in rats with arginine-induced renal failure     

Yokozawa T  Cho EJ  Nakagawa T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(8):2421-2425

To determine whether green tea polyphenol ameliorates the pathological conditions induced by excessive dietary arginine, green tea polyphenol was administered to rats at a daily dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight for 30 days with a 2% w/w arginine diet. In arginine-fed control rats, urinary and/or serum levels of guanidino compounds, nitric oxide (NO), urea, protein, and glucose increased significantly, while the renal activities of the oxygen species-scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase decreased, compared with casein-fed rats. However, rats given green tea polyphenol showed significant and dose-dependent decreases in serum levels of creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen and urinary excretion of Cr, and they exerted a slight reduction of nitrite plus nitrate, indicating that green tea polyphenol reduced the production of uremic toxins and NO. In addition, in arginine-fed rats the urinary urea, protein, and glucose level increases were reversed by the administration of green tea polyphenol. Moreover, in rats given green tea polyphenol the SOD and catalase activities suppressed by excessive arginine administration increased dose-dependently, implying the biological defense system was augmented as a result of free radical scavenging. These results suggest that green tea polyphenol would ameliorate renal failure induced by excessive dietary arginine by decreasing uremic toxin, and NO production and increasing radical-scavenging enzyme activity.  相似文献   

Ethylene formation from ethyl moiety of ethionine   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

K Shimokawa  Z Kasai 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,156(780):1362-1363

In plants, ethylene is formed in the presence of light and flavin mononucleotide from ethionine and S-ethylcysteine. The ethylene is formed from the ethyl moiety of ethionine.  相似文献   

The Physcomitrella genome reveals evolutionary insights into the conquest of land by plants     

Rensing SA  Lang D  Zimmer AD  Terry A  Salamov A  Shapiro H  Nishiyama T  Perroud PF  Lindquist EA  Kamisugi Y  Tanahashi T  Sakakibara K  Fujita T  Oishi K  Shin-I T  Kuroki Y  Toyoda A  Suzuki Y  Hashimoto S  Yamaguchi K  Sugano S  Kohara Y  Fujiyama A  Anterola A  Aoki S  Ashton N  Barbazuk WB  Barker E  Bennetzen JL  Blankenship R  Cho SH  Dutcher SK  Estelle M  Fawcett JA  Gundlach H  Hanada K  Heyl A  Hicks KA  Hughes J  Lohr M  Mayer K  Melkozernov A  Murata T  Nelson DR  Pils B  Prigge M  Reiss B  Renner T  Rombauts S  Rushton PJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5859):64-69

We report the draft genome sequence of the model moss Physcomitrella patens and compare its features with those of flowering plants, from which it is separated by more than 400 million years, and unicellular aquatic algae. This comparison reveals genomic changes concomitant with the evolutionary movement to land, including a general increase in gene family complexity; loss of genes associated with aquatic environments (e.g., flagellar arms); acquisition of genes for tolerating terrestrial stresses (e.g., variation in temperature and water availability); and the development of the auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways for coordinating multicellular growth and dehydration response. The Physcomitrella genome provides a resource for phylogenetic inferences about gene function and for experimental analysis of plant processes through this plant's unique facility for reverse genetics.  相似文献   

Efficient approach for simultaneous estimation of multiple health-promoting effects of foods     

Nagahama K  Eto N  Yamamori K  Nishiyama K  Sakakibara Y  Iwata T  Uchida A  Yoshihara I  Suiko M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(16):8575-8588

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Characterization and partial purification of a bacteriocin‐like substance produced by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis H1 isolated from cow manure compost     

Takako SASAKI  Chika TADA  Yutaka NAKAI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(2):340-351

The production and partial characterization of bacteriocin‐like substances (BLSs) produced by bacteria isolated from cow manure compost were investigated. Eight BLS producers, which exhibited inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria, were isolated from cow manure compost at different stages of the composting process. The pile temperature ranged from 9.1°C to 73.2°C. The BLSs showed thermostability, but the BLS producers were not thermostable except for the H1 producer. Thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis H1 was further characterized. The culture supernatant of B. licheniformis H1 exhibited antagonistic activity against various species of Gram‐positive bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes ATCC19111 but not against Gram‐negative bacteria except Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC11251. Inactivation of bacteriocin‐like activity by α‐chymotrypsin, trypsin, and papain was highly significant (P < 0.001). The BLS was found to be stable under a pH range from 3 to 9 and at temperatures up to 75°C for 60 min, but it lost activity after being autoclaved at 121°C for 15 min. The optimum production of BLS by B. licheniformis H1 was obtained at a temperature of 55°C. Sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide electrophoresis analysis of concentrated partially purified supernatants collected after resting the bacterial cells at 55°C revealed a bacteriocin‐like protein with a molecular mass of approximately 3.5 kDa. This study is the first report of a BLS from thermophilic B. licheniformis with an animal compost origin.  相似文献   

Effects of medium‐chain fatty acid‐cyclodextrin complexes on ruminal methane production in vitro     

Noriko AJISAKA  Nazimuddin MOHAMMED  Koji HARA  Katsuhiko MIKUNI  Kozo HARA  Hitoshi HASHIMOTO  Takako KUMATA  Shuhei KANDA  Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):479-484

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate effects of medium‐chain fatty acid‐cyclodextrin (CD) complexes on ruminal methane and volatile fatty acid production, and protozoal activity in vitro. Medium‐chain fatty acid‐CDs used in this study were caprylic acid (C8)‐αCD or ‐βCD, capric acid (C10)‐αCD or ‐βCD, and lauric acid (C12)‐αCD or ‐βCD. A 60‐mL of diluted rumen fluid was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 h with the addition of the complex (10–40 mg as fatty acid). Each of the fatty acid‐CDs reduced the number of protozoa, with the order C10 > C12 > C8, and βCD complexes were more effective than αCD complexes. Molar proportions of acetic acid remained unchanged with the addition of fatty acid‐CD, while that of propionic acid increased, being significant for C8‐αCD and βCD, and C10‐αCD and βCD (P < 0.05). Hydrogen production decreased by about 70% of control with the addition of 40 mg of C8 and C10‐CD, on the other hand, it tended to increase with the addition of C12‐CD in both αCD and βCD. Methane production decreased by about 20% with the addition of 40 mg of complexes, except for C10‐βCD, which significantly reduced methane production by about 60%. In conclusion, the addition of C8 or C10‐CD to ruminant diets may be effective in reducing methane production.  相似文献   

Sexual mating preferences in vitro and in planta among Japanese isolates of Phytophthora infestans     

Kiyotaka Gotoh  Seishi Akino  Takako Kiyoshi  Shigeo Naito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(1):29-32

The sexual preferences of Japanese isolates of Phytophthora infestans were determined by mating on agar, in broth, or in plants. The influence of their sexual preference was confirmed in the host tissues. Three wild-type isolates and a -glucuronidase (GUS) transformant were co-cultured to identify the origin of antheridia and oogonia. Japanese A1 isolate had a unique sexual preference compared with foreign isolates. It produced self-fertile oospores with about 40% of total gametangia but tended to form antheridia on V-8 agar medium. In addition, oospores were formed in plants, but their sexual preference could not be reflected in vitro.  相似文献   

Clinical observations of Babesia gibsoni infection with low parasitaemia confirmed by PCR in dogs     

Inokuma H  Okuda M  Yoshizaki Y  Hiraoka H  Miyama T  Itamoto K  Une S  Nakaichi M  Taura Y 《The Veterinary record》2005,156(4):116-118

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Epidemiological survey of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs in eastern Japan     

Miyama T  Sakata Y  Shimada Y  Ogino S  Watanabe M  Itamoto K  Okuda M  Verdida RA  Xuan X  Nagasawa H  Inokuma H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(5):467-471

To determine the distribution of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs in the eastern part of Japan, an epidemiological survey of dogs suspected of having B. gibsoni infection was attempted using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thirty-five of 115 such dogs (30.4%) were positive by PCR and/or ELISA. The 35 positive dogs consisted of 28 Tosa dogs, 4 American Pit Bull Terriers, and 3 mongrel dogs in Aomori, Fukushima, Ibaraki, Gunma, Chiba, Tokyo, Kanagawa, and Nagano Prefectures. The positive dogs had a significantly lower rate of tick exposure and a higher rate of bites by other dogs. Twenty-two of 35 B. gibsoni-positive dogs were infected with hemoplasma, and the rate of infection was significantly higher than that of B. gibsoni-negative dogs.  相似文献