Lectin histochemistry of respiratory mucosa in the Pacific white-sided dolphin     

Shimokawa T  Doihara T  Makara M  Miyawaki K  Nabeka H  Wakisaka H  Kobayashi N  Matsuda S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(9):1233-1236

Sugars in the glycocalyx play an important role in the attachment of infectious agents to the respiratory mucosa. We examined the histochemistry of 23 lectins to survey the sugar expression in the glycocalyx of the respiratory mucosa of the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens. The ciliated and basal cells were positive for all of the lectins studied. SBA, WFA, GSL-II, STL, S-WGA, and PNA staining in the cytoplasm showed different intensities between basal cells and ciliated cells. These results suggest that multiple terminal glycosylation occurs on ciliated and basal cells, such as GalNAc, GlcNAc, NeuNAc, galactose, glucose/mannose, oligosaccharide, and fucose, and that sugar residue expression changes during cell differentiation. The Pacific white-sided dolphin respiratory mucosa might express multiple sugar residues in the glycocalyx, to prevent the attachment and colonisation of infectious agents.  相似文献   

Expression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bruguiera gymnorhiza</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">BgARP1</Emphasis> enhances salt tolerance in transgenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis> plants     

Masashi Miyama  Yuichi Tada 《Euphytica》2011,177(3):383-392

We have previously reported that expression of salt-responsive genes, including Bruguiera gymnorhiza ankyrin repeat protein 1 (BgARP1), enhances salt tolerance in both Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Arabidopsis. In this report, we further characterized BgARP1-expressing Arabidopsis to elucidate the role of BgARP1 in salt tolerance. BgARP1-expressing plants exhibited more vigorous growth than wild-type plants on MS plates containing 125–175 mM NaCl. Real-time PCR analysis showed enhanced induction of osmotin34 in the 2-week-old transformants under 125 mM NaCl. It was also showed that induction of typical salt-responsive genes, including RD29A, RD29B, and RD22, was blunted and delayed in the 4-week-old transformants during 24 h after 200 mM NaCl treatment. Ion content analysis showed that transgenic plants contained more K⁺, Ca²⁺, and NO₃ ⁻, and less NH₄ ⁺, than wild-type plants grown in 200 mM NaCl. Our results suggest that BgARP1-expressing plants may reduce salt stress by up-regulating osmotin34 gene expression and maintaining K⁺ homeostasis and regulating Ca²⁺ content. These results indicate that BgARP1 is functional on a heterogeneous background.  相似文献   

L‐carnitine improves hydrogen peroxide‐induced impairment of nuclear maturation in porcine oocytes     

Takako Yazaki  Yuki Hiradate  Yumi Hoshino  Kentaro Tanemura  Eimei Sato 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(5):395-402

We investigated the effect of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) on lipid peroxide (LPO) level and nuclear maturation in porcine oocytes cultured with or without cumulus cells. After 22 h of pre‐culture, oocytes with attached cumulus cells (COC group) or denuded oocytes (DO group) were cultured with H₂O₂, and intra‐oocyte H₂O₂ and LPO levels were quantitatively analyzed using immunofluorescence. This is the first report evaluating LPO levels in porcine oocytes. After H₂O₂ supplementation, the DO group showed severe accumulation of H₂O₂ and LPO in the oocytes. Similarly, while inhibition of progression of nuclear maturation was observed in both groups, the effect was more severe in the DO group. These results demonstrate that cumulus cells reduce the accumulation of H₂O₂ stress in oocytes. Furthermore, we attempted to reduce the oxidative stress by H₂O₂ with L‐carnitine, a H₂O₂ scavenger. L‐carnitine decreased H₂O₂ and LPO levels in the oocytes in both groups, and improvement in the progression of impaired nuclear maturation was observed. These effects were different by the presence of cumulus cells. Our results provide that L‐carnitine is useful for alleviating H₂O₂‐induced oxidative stress by reducing LPO levels and improving the progression of nuclear maturation.  相似文献   

Nocturnal isoprene emission from mature trees and diurnal acceleration of isoprene oxidation rates near Quercus serrata Thunb. leaves     

Takafumi Miyama  Motonori Okumura  Yuji Kominami  Kennichi Yoshimura  Mioko Ataka  Akira Tani 《Journal of Forest Research》2013,18(1):4-12

Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray is a widespread deciduous oak in China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan, and a strong isoprene emitter. Establishing accurate inventories of this species and estimating net carbon budgets, including biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), necessitates detailed evaluation of BVOC emission and oxidation characteristics. Emissions of isoprene, the most abundant BVOC, presumably contribute to atmospheric chemistry through the formation of photochemical oxidants and secondary organic aerosols. We built an isoprene flux monitoring system to simultaneously reveal characteristics of the flux and fate of isoprene at multiple locations in Q. serrata forests. We used proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and an automated closed chamber to measure isoprene emissions from soil and leaves in a warm-temperate Q. serrata forest. We used a relaxed eddy accumulation system with PTR-MS to simultaneously measure the canopy flux. In continuous foliage chamber measurements, we observed daily variations of isoprene emissions and continuous nocturnal emissions from leaves. Nocturnal emissions exceeded 25 % of total daily leaf emissions and were relatively high at sunset and low at sunrise. These results suggest that nocturnal emissions from mature trees may not be negligible. When leaf emissions were high in the daytime, the canopy isoprene flux tended to plateau at an upper limit. Observations of isoprene concentrations and gradients suggest that the plateau was caused by acceleration of isoprene oxidation, and sequential formation of secondary organic aerosols may occur near the leaf just after emission. Elucidation of these linkages may require continuous field measurements with a simultaneous multi-flux monitoring system.  相似文献   

Lectin histochemistry for sugars on the mucosal surface of the uterus in pregnant mice     

Yasunaga Y  Takeuchi T  Shimokawa T  Matsuu A  Ohta Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(5):617-620

Expression patterns of sugars on the mucosal surface of the uterus in pregnant mice were investigated by using 21 kinds of lectins. In the uterine mucosa, the GlcNAc group tended to express a positive reaction before pregnant day 10, but the glucose/mannose group generally expressed a positive reaction after pregnant day 10. On the other hand, the fucose group expressed a negative reaction during all periods in pregnancy. These findings were almost the same on both the mesometrial side and anti-mesometrial side of the uterus. These differences of sugar expression probably reflect the functional change of the mucosa during pregnancy and the alteration of sugar expression may give a chance for pathogens to infect in the uterus with limited periods.  相似文献   

Influence of volcanic activity on vegetation succession and growth environment on the hillslope of Sakurajima Volcano in southern Kyushu,Japan     

Yukiyoshi Teramoto  Etsuro Shimokawa  Tsugio Ezaki  Kun-Woo Chun  Suk-Woo Kim  Youn-Tae Lee 《林业研究》2017,28(2):309-317

This study was conducted in order to examine the influence of long-term volcanic activity on vegetative succession and growth on the slope of Sakurajima in southern Kyushu, Japan. We investigated the vegetation,depth of the volcanic ash layer, and dry density and p H of the surface soil at six places on the north-northwestern slope, 2.3–3.4 km from the Minami-dake crater, where a layer of pumice stone was deposited by the Taisho eruption in 1914. The height and diameter at breast height(DBH) of the trees increased with increasing distance from the Minami-dake crater, as did the number of individuals and species, and basal area. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index(H') demonstrates that vegetative succession is significantly affected by distance from the Minami-dake crater, as areas farther from the crater exhibited later seral stages. Comparison of the diversity index and species number of the crater region with that of the climax forest in Kagoshima indicates that vegetative growth alone cannot advance succession in the study area, as the local vegetative community is heavily influenced by the harsh environmental conditions associated with continual exposure to long-term volcanic activity. Seral stage, ash layer depth,dry density, and p H of the soil surface layer are governed by distance from the Minami-dake crater. The results of this study indicate that conditions for vegetative growth and succession improve with increasing distance from the source of constant volcanic activity. Thus, soil development is promoted by the acidification of the soil, which decreases the dry density and p H of the soil surface layer.The introduction of plant species resistant to volcanic ash and gas is recommended to promote soil development and improve the infiltration capacity of the soil.  相似文献   

The effect of a herbal paste and oil extract on the lipid content of canine hair fibres          下载免费PDF全文

Yutaka Momota  Kenichiro Shimada  Chihiro Kadoya  Azusa Gin  Jun Kobayashi  Yuka Nakamura  Takako Matsubara  Toshinori Sako 《Veterinary dermatology》2017,28(4):337-e73

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Detoxification of phytotoxic compounds by TiO2 photocatalysis in a recycling hydroponic cultivation system of asparagus     

Sunada K  Ding XG  Utami MS  Kawashima Y  Miyama Y  Hashimoto K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(12):4819-4824

TiO 2 photocatalytic decomposition and detoxification of phytotoxic compounds released by the roots of asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L.) were investigated from the viewpoint of conservation-oriented cultivation. The phytotoxically active fraction was extracted either from dried asparagus roots or from the recycled nutrient solution of an asparagus hydroponic cultivation system. We found that the phytotoxic activity gradually decreased in the fraction with TiO 2 powder under irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light at an intensity of 1.0 mW/cm (2). The growth of asparagus plants under actual cultivation conditions was also investigated by comparing asparagus grown in a hydroponic system where recycled waste nutrient solution was photocatalytically treated with solar light and a system with untreated recycled waste nutrient solution. The results showed, as measured by growth indices such as stem length and stem thickness, that asparagus growth in the photocatalytically treated system was superior to the untreated one. Furthermore, the yield of asparagus spears was 1.6-fold greater in the photocatalytically treated system, demonstrating the detoxification effect on the phytotoxic compounds and also the killing effect on pathogenic microorganisms.  相似文献   

Comparison of physicochemical properties of 7S and 11S globulins from pea, fava bean, cowpea, and French bean with those of soybean--French bean 7S globulin exhibits excellent properties     

Kimura A  Fukuda T  Zhang M  Motoyama S  Maruyama N  Utsumi S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):10273-10279

Legume seeds contain 7S and/or 11S globulins as major storage proteins. The amino acid sequences of them from many legumes are similar to each other in the species but different from each other, meaning that some of these proteins from some crops exhibit excellent functional properties. To demonstrate this, we compared protein chemical and functional properties (thermal stability, surface hydrophobicity, solubility as a function of pH, and emulsifying properties) of these proteins from pea, fava bean, cowpea, and French bean with those of soybean as a control at the same conditions. The comparison clearly indicated that the 7S globulin of French bean exhibited excellent solubility (100%) at pH 4.2-7.0 even at a low ionic strength condition (mu = 0.08) and excellent emulsion stability (a little phase separation after 3 days) at pH 7.6 and mu = 0.08, although the emulsions from most of the other proteins separated in 1 h. These results indicate that our assumption is correct.  相似文献   

Successful production of blastocysts following ultrarapid vitrification with step-wise equilibriation of germinal vesicle-stage mouse oocytes   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Aono N  Naganuma T  Abe Y  Hara K  Sasada H  Sato E  Yoshida H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2003,49(6):501-506

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability and subsequent developmental ability of murine germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes ultrarapidly vitrified after step-wise exposure to cryoprotectants (CPAs). Oocytes were transferred to a vitrification solution composed of 15% ethylene glycol, 15% dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.5 M sucrose in a direct manner (non-preequilibrium) or in a step-wise manner (single-, two-, or ten-step preequilibrium). After ultrarapid vitrification and storage in liquid nitrogen, the oocytes were thawed, washed by diluting the CPAs in five steps, and then subjected to in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture. In the non-preequilibrium group, the rates of post-thawed oocytes surviving, maturing to metaphase-II, developing to blastocysts and to hatching/hatched blastocysts were 91.8, 87.1, 15.9 and 2.3%, respectively. In the single- and two-step groups, the corresponding rates were 97.0-98.2%, 92.2-95.0%, 22.0-29.4% and 8.8-15.6%, whereas in the ten-step group they were 98.2, 91.8, 38.6 and 22.8%, respectively. In the non-vitrified control group, the rates of oocytes maturing to metaphase-II, developing to blastocysts and to hatching/hatched blastocysts were 90.2, 75.2 and 51.5%, respectively. The present study shows that the ultrarapid vitrification of murine GV oocytes by a step-wise manner involving 10 steps preequilibrium may have an advantage in maintaining the viability and subsequent production of blastocysts.  相似文献