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71.
Koji Tanaka Sayaka Nakatsu Zen-nosuke Katsuba Hiroshi Furuya Takao Tsuchiya Takashi Oku 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(2):144-146
The pathogenic races of 450 cultures of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, isolated from eight locations in the inland mountainous area of Hiroshima Prefecture during 2000 to 2003, were determined with a set of Japanese differentials. The rice cultivars infected with the bacterium are thought to be in the Kinmaze group, which does not have any resistance genes. Five Japanese races IA, IB, II, V, and VII occurred across the area, although the composition of the races in each location altered during the surveyed 4 years. 相似文献
72.
Tetsuro NOMURA Shigeki YAMAGUCHI Fumio MUKAI Aya YAMAMOTO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):435-443
Minimum coancestry mating (MC) is a simple mating system to reduce inbreeding in populations, in which matings are allocated so as to minimize the average inbreeding coefficient of progeny. This system was compared with random mating (RM) in simulated broiler lines. The population structure and genetic parameters were determined on the basis of an existing broiler line. Comparison of mating systems was made under two selection methods. The first method (DIS) was based on selection index for achieving desired genetic gains. In the second method (LPS), a combination of the family index and linear programming technique was applied to obtain the desired genetic gains. The selected traits were body weight at 6 weeks of both sexes and age at sexual maturity of hen. Four schemes by all the possible combinations of selection and mating methods (DIS + RM, DIS + MC, LPS + RM and LPS + MC) were compared in terms of genetic gains and inbreeding during 15 generations of selection and mating. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (i) the four schemes produced similar genetic gains averaged over replicates; (ii) the variations of genetic gains under LPS + RM and LPS + MC schemes were much smaller than under DIS + RM and DIS + MC schemes; (iii) irrespective of the selection methods, MC reduced the average inbreeding coefficients to about 80% of RM and; (iv) the inbreeding coefficients of individuals in the schemes with RM were distributed in a wide range, while the inbreeding coefficients in the schemes with MC showed a high uniformity. From these results, the LPS + MC scheme was recommended as a selection and mating strategy in closed broiler lines. 相似文献
73.
Twenty‐five subpopulations (i.e. populations of prefectures) of more than 2000 Japanese Black cows younger than or equal to 10 years of age were analyzed to evaluate the genetic relationships in the current population. The total number of cows analyzed was 392 346 and their pedigrees were traced back to 1944 or before. Using the pedigree records, the genetic relationships among the subpopulations were estimated by the two different measurements: (i) the average additive relationship coefficients and (ii) Nei's standard genetic distances. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to the matrix of the average additive relationship coefficients, and the factor loadings of subpopulations were plotted on the plane to visualize the genetic configuration of subpopulations. To understand the grouping process of the subpopulations, cluster analysis was applied to the matrix of the Nei's genetic distances, and a dendrogram was constructed. There was a high consistency between the results from PCA and cluster analysis. Eight subpopulations with relatively low migration rates showed their unique genetic compositions, and the other 17 subpopulations with high migration rates formed a single cluster. The major cause of the genetic similarity among the 17 subpopulations was inferred to be the strong genetic influence from one subpopulation (Hyogo prefecture) with prominent characteristics for meat quality. 相似文献
74.
75.
Hirokazu MATSUMOTO Hideaki MARUSE Kanako YOSHIZAWA Shinji SASAZAKI Akira FUJIWARA Takeki KIKUCHI Nobutsune ICHIHARA Fumio MUKAI Hideyuki MANNEN 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(5):476-483
Muscular dystrophies, a group of inherited diseases with the progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle, contain genetically variable diseases. Though chicken muscular dystrophy with abnormal muscle (AM) has long been known, the gene responsible has not yet been identified. In this study, a resource family for AM was established with 487 F2 individuals and 22 gene markers, including microsatellite and insertion–deletion markers, were developed. The haplotypes were analyzed with these markers for the candidate region of GGA2q described in a previous study. The candidate region was successfully narrowed down to approximately 1Mbp. The region included seven functional genes predicted as the most likely AM candidates. 相似文献
76.
Endo H Kimura J Oshida T Stafford BJ Rerkamnuaychoke W Nishida T Sasaki M Hayashida A Hayashi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(3):277-282
The geographical variations of the skulls were osteometrically examined in the gray-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps) from the populations of Korat, Ranong, southernmost Thailand, and Terutau Island. The skull size was larger in northern population than in the southern population in the continental mainland. The zoogeographical influences of the Isthmus of Kra remained unclear, since the plots from Korat population were intermingled with those from southernmost Thailand population in the principal component charts. Although Korat population has been thought to belong to north group, we suggest that Ranong and southernmost Thailand populations may contain individuals from both north and south groups separated by the ancient Kra barrier. Terutau Island population was similar to southernmost Thailand population in skull size, although Terutau population has been isolated in the island and separated from the south group of the Isthmus of Kra. In the proportional analysis the interorbital space was narrower and the binocular sense has been well-developed in Terutau population. It suggests that this population has been highly adapted to arboreal behavior. In contrast, the skull with larger interorbital space was more adaptive for terrestrial life in Korat population. The canonical discriminant analysis could clearly separate the four populations in the scattergrams of discriminant scores. 相似文献
77.
Endo H Kimura J Oshida T Stafford BJ Rerkamnuaychoke W Nishida T Sasaki M Hayashida A Hayashi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(10):1213-1218
We osteometrically examined the skulls of the black giant squirrel (Ratufa bicolor) from three mainland populations (M. Malayan Peninsula, V. South Vietnam, and B. Burma, India and North Thailand) and from two island populations (T. Tioman, and S. Sumatra Islands). The skull in the Malayan peninsula population was significantly smaller than that of the two other mainland populations. It is consistent with Bergmann's rule as shown in the gray-bellied squirrel. The two island populations did not show obvious differences in comparison with the Malayan population in many measurements. In the proportion analysis eliminating the size factor, the differences among populations were not easily confirmed and we concluded that the osteological characters peculiar to each population could not be shown in this species. The first and second principal component scores of M, S, and T populations were intermingled, whereas the V and B populations of V and B were not separated in the chart. We pointed out that the morphological differences were demonstrated between northern and southern groups of the Isthmus of Kra in the mainland populations, and that the two island populations did not show the island-isolation effect in comparison with the M population. The adaptational variation related to feeding and locomotion could not be confirmed among populations of the black giant squirrel as shown in the proportion analysis. 相似文献
78.
A new disease of Maackia amurensis var. buergeri was recently found on the northern island of Hokkaido, Japan. Affected trees were heavily damaged and had cankers on both trunks and branches. After natural infection, a series of swellings on the bark surface developed longitudinally. These swellings burst and coalesced to become long cankers. It is proposed that the disease be designated ‘bacterial canker of Maackia’. The causal pathogen was isolated and characterized tentatively as Pseudomonas syringae on the basis of laboratory tests. Pathogenicity of the bacterium was confirmed by inoculation into the host. 相似文献
79.
比较研究了鹅掌楸属(Liriodendron)中国鹅掌楸、北美鹅掌楸和杂交鹅掌楸3个树种次生木质部的显微构造。经方差分析,3个树种间导管分子、木纤维、轴向薄壁组织和木射线组织等解剖特征存在极显著差异,杂交鹅掌楸次生木质部结构兼具亲本特征。首次发现中国鹅掌楸中存在单穿孔导管,约占4%。中国鹅掌楸较北美鹅掌楸导管分子短、导管端壁穿孔板横隔数少、弦切面木射线组织的宽度、高度小以及轴向薄壁细胞束的细胞个数少。北美鹅掌楸与中国鹅掌楸相比具有更多的原始特征,中国鹅掌楸较北美鹅掌楸进化。 相似文献
80.
Ochiai M Miyamoto K Kaneaki T Hayashi S Nakanishi W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6028):448-451
Amination of alkanes has generally required metal catalysts and/or high temperatures. Here we report that simple exposure of a broad range of alkanes to N-triflylimino-λ(3)-bromane 1 at ambient temperature results in C-H insertion of the nitrogen functionality to afford triflyl-substituted amines in moderate to high yields. Marked selectivity for tertiary over secondary C-H bonds was observed; primary (methyl) C-H bonds were inert. Addition of hexafluoroisopropanol to inhibit decomposition of 1 dramatically improved the C-H amination efficiencies. Second-order kinetics, activation parameters (negative activation entropy), deuterium isotope effects, and theoretical calculations suggest a concerted asynchronous bimolecular transition state for the metal-free C-H amination event. 相似文献