Genotypes and allele frequencies of buried SNPs in a bovine single‐nucleotide polymorphism array in Japanese Black cattle     

Shinji Sasaki  Eiji Muraki  Yoshinobu Inoue  Ryouhei Suezawa  Hideki Nikadori  Yuuichi Yoshida  Shouta Nariai  Ryoya Hideshima  Shiyunsuke Moriwaki  Ryotaro Nakashima  Katsuo Uchiyama  Kanako Yoshinari  Masayuki Takeda  Takatoshi Kojima 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(12):1503-1509

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are widely used for genetic and genomic analyses in cattle breeding; thus, data derived from SNP arrays have accumulated on a large scale nationwide. Commercial SNP arrays contain a considerable number of unassigned SNPs on the chromosome/position on the genome; these SNPs are excluded in subsequent analyses. Notably, the position‐unassigned SNPs, or “buried SNPs” include some of the markers associated with genetic disease. In this study, we identified the position of buried SNPs using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool against the surrounding sequences and characterized the relationship between SNPs and genetic diseases in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals based on the genomic position. We determined the position of 285 buried SNPs on the genome and surveyed the genotype and allele frequencies of these SNPs in 5,955 individual Japanese Black cattle. Eleven SNPs associated with genetic disease, which contained five buried SNPs, were found in the population with the risk allele frequency ranging from 0.00008396 to 0.46. These results indicate that buried SNPs in the bovine SNP array can be utilized to identify associations with genetic disorders from large scale accumulated SNP genotype data in Japanese Black cattle.  相似文献   

Odorous impact of volatile thiols on the aroma of young botrytized sweet wines: identification and quantification of new sulfanyl alcohols     

Sarrazin E  Shinkaruk S  Tominaga T  Bennetau B  Frérot E  Dubourdieu D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1437-1444

Specific extraction of volatile thiols using sodium p-hydroxymercuribenzoate revealed the presence of three new sulfanylalcohols in wines made from Botrytis-infected grapes: 3-sulfanylpentan-1-ol (II), 3-sulfanylheptan-1-ol (III), and 2-methyl-3-sulfanylbutan-1-ol (IV). The first two have citrus aromas, whereas the third is reminiscent of raw onion. In addition, 2-methyl-3-sulfanylpentan-1-ol, which has a raw onion odor, was tentatively identified. Like 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (I), already reported in Sauternes wines, compounds II, III, and IV were absent from must. They were found in wine after alcoholic fermentation, and their concentrations were drastically higher when Botrytis cinerea had developed on the grapes. In the commercial botrytized wines analyzed, the mean levels of II, III, and IV were 209, 51, and 103 ng/L, respectively. Despite their low odor activity values, sensory tests showed additive effects among I, II, and III, thus confirming their olfactory impact on the overall aroma of botrytized wines.  相似文献   

Stereoisomeric distribution of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol and 3-mercaptohexyl acetate in dry and sweet white wines made from Vitis vinifera (Var. Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon)     

Tominaga T  Niclass Y  Frérot E  Dubourdieu D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(19):7251-7255

The enantiomeric distribution of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3MH) and 3-mercaptohexyl acetate (3MHA) in Vitis vinifera wines was determined by combining two techniques: specific purification of volatile thiols from the wines using p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and separation of the chiral molecules by gas-phase chromatography on a cyclodextrin capillary column. The R and S enantiomer ratios of these two thiols in dry white Sauvignon blanc and Semillon wines are approximately 30:70 for A3MH and 50:50 for 3MH. However, in sweet white wines made from grapes affected by "noble rot" due to the development of Botrytis cinerea on ripe grapes, the proportion of the R and S forms of 3MH is in the vicinity of 30:70. During alcoholic fermentation, a change in the ratio of the two enantiomers of 3MH in dry white wines was observed. At the beginning of fermentation (around density 1.08), the S form represented over 60%; then, at lower density, as fermentation proceeded, the enatiomeric ratio approached 50:50. The ratio of the two 3MHA enantiomers remained constant throughout fermentation. On the contrary, the distribution of the two 3MH enantiomers changed very little during fermentation of the botrytized sweet wines. The perception thresholds for the R and S forms of 3MH in hydroalcoholic model solution are similar (50 and 60 ng/L). These two enantiomers have quite different aromas: The R form is fruitier, with a zesty aroma reminiscent of grapefruit, while the S form smells more of passion fruit. The perception thresholds of the R and S enantiomers of 3MHA are slightly different (9 and 2.5 ng/L). The less odoriferous R form is reminiscent of passion fruit, while the S form has a more herbaceous odor of boxwood.  相似文献   

Cystic cholangioma in the thoracic cavity of a rat     

Michimae Y  Okimoto K  Toyosawa K  Matsumoto I  Kouchi M  Tochitani T  Koujitani T  Funabashi H  Seki T 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(1):4141-4444

A female congenic rat produced by repeated backcrossing of Nihon rats, a model for hereditary renal cell carcinoma, to Brown Norway rats was necropsied at 24 months of age. At necropsy, a white mass about 1 centimeter in size was observed in the thoracic cavity, and the mass partly adhered to the esophagus and the diaphragm. Histologically, the mass was clearly circumscribed by connective tissue, and consisted of neoplastic cuboidal epithelial cells that showed cystic tubular proliferation. Some islands of well-differentiated hepatocytes and some vessels were observed in the mass. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for cytokeratin and partly positive for vimentin but were negative for mesothelin and Von Willebrand Factor. The positive rate for Ki-67 was 2.4%. Based on these histological and immunohistochemical evidences, we diagnosed this tumor as a cystic cholangioma that might have arisen from the ectopic hepatic tissue in the thoracic cavity.  相似文献   

Determination and Evaluation of Sampling Velocity in a Simple Passive Sampling Method to Monitor HNO3(g) in Ambient Air     

Masahide Aikawa  Yoshinori Nishikawa  Makiko Yamagami  Takatoshi Hiraki  Kentaro Murano  Hitoshi Mukai 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,208(1-4):183-191

We evaluated the applicability of a simple passive sampling method to quantify HNO₃(g) in ambient air. The method has the advantages of not only ease of operation but also low cost. A sampling velocity of 214 m day^?1 was determined based on the concentration of HNO₃(g) measured by the four-stage filter-pack method at nine sites located within a 250?×?250-km area in Japan. This sampling velocity was applied at sites located outside of area to verify the applicability and accuracy of the simple passive sampling method. The variation in the results for the application of the sampling velocity ranged from 0.39 to 0.95. The simple passive sampling method should be applied to sites with different meteorological conditions, and the obtained data should be used to obtain more significant information and/or to indicate the need for further developments in the methodology.  相似文献   

Characteristics in Concentration of Chemical Species in Ambient Air Based on Three-Year Monitoring by Filter Pack Method     

Masahide Aikawa  Takatoshi Hiraki  Motonori Tamaki 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,161(1-4):335-352

Continuous monitoring of concentrations of particulate matter and gaseous compounds for three years by a four-stage filter-pack method clarified the characteristics in the concentrations of chemical species in particulate matter and gaseous compounds in ambient air in Kobe, Japan. The amount of materials in blank filters was low enough for this method to be used for the monitoring of ambient air. Little or none of the hydrogen chloride was derived anthropogenically. The concentrations of both particulate sulfate and sulfur dioxide in spring and summer were significantly higher than those in autumn and winter. The concentration of gaseous nitric acid was high in summer, which suggests that active photochemical reactions in the atmosphere provided more nitrogen species in summer. The measured concentration products [HNO₃][NH₃] showed good agreement with the theoretical predictions with some exceptions. The total concentration of ammonium species showed no significant seasonal variation except that the concentration in winter was low. The concentration of nss-Ca²⁺ in spring was significantly higher than that in the other seasons, which is most likely associated with the so-called yellow-sand events. The concentrations of nss-K⁺ and nss-Ca²⁺ accounted for most of K⁺ and Ca²⁺, respectively, whereas that of nss-Mg²⁺ accounted for only 5% of Mg²⁺  相似文献   

Sulfur aroma precursor present in S-glutathione conjugate form: identification of S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione in must from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc     

Peyrot Des Gachons C  Tominaga T  Dubourdieu D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(14):4076-4079

When Sauvignon blanc or Gros Manseng grape must was percolated through an immobilized gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase column, there was a significant increase in the concentration of S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-L-cysteine, the precursor of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol, a compound that contributes to the varietal aroma of wines made from these grapes. Low- and high-resolution liquid secondary ion mass sepectrometry (LSIMS) analyses established the presence of S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione in Sauvignon blanc must. The identification of this compound suggests that the S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-L-cysteine in grapes is produced by the catabolism of S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione. As is the case in other plant or animal organisms, S-glutathione conjugates may be involved in certain detoxification systems in vines.  相似文献   

Role of certain volatile thiols in the bouquet of aged champagne wines   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tominaga T  Guimbertau G  Dubourdieu D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(4):1016-1020

A method for the specific extraction of volatile thiols by use of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate has made it possible to identify certain flavor-active volatile thiols in Champagne wines. Benzenemethanethiol, 2-furanmethanethiol, and ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate were present in these wines at concentrations considerably higher than their perception thresholds. Their concentrations increased gradually in proportion to the bottle aging period and sharply as a result of disgorging. The contribution of these volatile thiols to the empyreumatic nuances of the bouquet of aged Champagne wines was demonstrated for the first time.  相似文献   

Effects of Thiopental, Ketamine, Diazepam, Xylazine, and Nitrous Oxide on EEG Spike Activity and Convulsive Bfehavior During Enflurane Anesthesia in Spontaneously Breathing Atropinized Cats Effect at Surgical Depth     

YOSHIAKI HIKASA dvm  PhD    NORIKO KOJIMA dvm    KATSUAKI TAKASE dvm  PhD  SHIGEO OGASAWARA dvm  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(4):318-325

The effects of thiopental, ketamine, diazepam, xylazine and nitrous oxide, and combinations of thiopental-nitrous oxide and ketamine-nitrous oxide on electroencephalographic (EEG) spike activity and convulsive behaviors in atropinized cats at surgical depth of enflurane anesthesia were assessed quantitatively for 60 minutes during spontaneous ventilation. Mean inspired enflurane concentrations (MIEC) were reduced 16% to 29% by pretreatment with thiopental, ketamine, diazepam, and xylazine, and were reduced 19% by 66% nitrous oxide. The MIEC of cats anesthetized with thiopental-nitrous oxide-enflurane and ketamine-nitrous oxide-enflurane were 35% to 38% lower than that with nitrous oxide-enflurane. Pretreatment with thiopental, ketamine, diazepam, and xylazine did not reduce the EEG spike frequency during anesthesia but did markedly reduce the spike amplitude. The addition of 66% nitrous oxide did not alter the spike frequency during anesthesia but tended to reduce the spike amplitude. Combinations of thiopental-nitrous oxide and ketamine-nitrous oxide almost abolished the spike activity. The addition of 66% nitrous oxide prevented convulsive responses elicited by photic and auditory stimulation during enflurane anesthesia. Treatment with thiopental, ketamine, diazepam and xylazine, and combinations of thiopental-nitrous oxide and ketamine-nitrous oxide, completely prevented convulsive responses during enflurane anesthesia.  相似文献   

Rapid activation of Mac-1(CD11b/CD18) molecules on macrophages by a new chemotactic factor 'Gasserokine' produced by Lactobacillus gasseri JCM1131^T     

Haruki KITAZAWA  Tomohiko INO  Yasushi KAWAI  Takatoshi ITOH  Tadao SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(5):395-401

The chemoattractant activity of a new chemotactic factor, 'Gasserokine' produced by Lactobacillus gasseri JCM1131^T, has been proposed as a novel immunological function of probiotic lactic acid bacteria. The focus of the present study was to understand the mechanism of the chemotaxis induced by Gasserokine, using activation of an adhesion molecule, Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) on macrophages. The macrophage chemotaxis to Gasserokine was abolished by preincubation of macrophages with the anti-Mac-1 mAb. Gasserokine induced rapid serine phosphorylation of CD18 molecules within 1 min of stimulation, but the effect was short-lived. Substantial tyrosine phosphorylation was observed in CD18-associated protein of macrophages stimulated by Gasserokine. The tyrosine phosphorylation was confirmed in macrophages stimulated with Gasserokine and also serine/threonine phosphorylation was detected on CD18 molecules by laser microscopy using a double immunostaining method. These results suggest that selective activation of intracellular signaling cascades, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, are related to the macrophage chemotaxis induced by Gasserokine.  相似文献