A Reovirus Causes Hypovirulence of Rosellinia necatrix     

Kanematsu S  Arakawa M  Oikawa Y  Onoue M  Osaki H  Nakamura H  Ikeda K  Kuga-Uetake Y  Nitta H  Sasaki A  Suzaki K  Yoshida K  Matsumoto N 《Phytopathology》2004,94(6):561-568

ABSTRACT White root rot, caused by Rosellinia necatrix, is a serious soilborne disease of fruit trees and other woody plants. R. necatrix isolate W370 contains 12 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is believed to represent a possible member of the family Reoviridae. W370 was weakly virulent and its hyphal-tip strains became dsRNA free and strongly virulent. The 12 segments of W370dsRNA were transmitted to hygromycin B-resistant strain RT37-1, derived from a dsRNA-free strain of W370 in all or none fashion through hyphal contact with W370. The W370dsRNA-transmitted strains were less virulent than their parent strain RT37-1 on apple seedlings, with mortality ranging between 0 to 16.7% in apple seedlings that were inoculated with the W370dsRNA-containing strains and 50 to 100% for seedlings inoculated with the dsRNA-free strains. Some W370dsRNA-containing strains killed greater than 16.7% of seedlings, but these were found to have lost the dsRNA in planta. These results indicate that W370dsRNA is a hypovirulence factor in R. necatrix. In addition, a strain lost one segment (S8) of W370dsRNA during subculture, and the S8-deficient mutant strain also exhibits hypovirulence in R. necatrix.  相似文献   

Serum growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations in Japanese black cattle with renal tubular dysplasia     

Nishii N  Ohba Y  Takasu M  Katoh K  Kitoh K  Sasaki Y  Kitagawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(4):399-402

To elucidate the cause of growth retardation, 14 cattle with renal tubular dysplasia (RTD) were investigated by determining serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 concentrations. Compared with 6 healthy cattle, the baseline, maximum, area under the curve and peak amplitude of serum GH concentrations were higher or tended to be higher. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were lower normal or lower in cattle with RTD than in healthy cattle. Serum IGF-1 concentrations correlated significantly with body weight and chest girth, but not with serum GH and creatinine concentrations. Growth retardation in RTD might be associated partially with GH resistance.  相似文献   

Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal gland axis in mice inhaling toluene prior to low-level long-term exposure to formaldehyde     

Sari DK  Kuwahara S  Furuya M  Tsukamoto Y  Hori H  Kunugita N  Arashidani K  Fujimaki H  Sasaki F 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(3):303-309

We studied the change in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis upon adding prior toluene inhalation to our previous formaldehyde inhalation experiments to determine whether short term exposure to relatively high levels of toluene triggers multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). Data come from immunocytochemical, morphometrical and RT-PCR measurements. Four groups of adult female mice were exposed to differing concentrations (0, 80, 400, and 2,000 ppb) of formaldehyde for 16 hr/day, 5 days/week for twelve weeks, after the mice were exposed intranasally to 500 ppm toluene per mouse for 6 hr/day, for 3 days. We found that the number of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-immunoreactive (ir) neurons was up-regulated according to the amount of formaldehyde as well as inhalation of formaldehyde alone in our previous experiment. The proportion of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-ir cells increased according to the formaldehyde concentration, though there was no significant difference between the 400 and 2,000 groups. The number of ACTH-ir cells was higher in the 400 group than in the other groups (0, 80, and 2,000). Expression of ACTH-mRNA was also up-regulated according to the quantity of formaldehyde. The sinusoid in the anterior pituitary showed more dilatation in the 400 and 2,000 groups than in the control group, especially in the 2,000 group. We propose that exposure to toluene prior to inhalation of formaldehyde has no effect on the HPA axis and as a trigger of MCS, although greater sinusoid dilatation was found in the anterior pituitary gland at higher concentrations of formaldehyde.  相似文献   

Use of 13C-acetate breath test for assessment of gastric emptying in horses     

Sasaki N  Aiuchi H  Yamada H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(10):993-997

This study aimed to establish and standardize a breath test that uses 13C-acetate in a liquid diet for evaluation of gastric emptying in horses. Seven adult healthy thoroughbreds were used in this study. They were given 13C-acetate (125 mg, 250 mg, or 500 mg) in a test meal (2000 ml liquid diet) via an intranasal catheter. 13C concentrations in the exhaled CO2 were measured in samples taken before and after test meal administration using an infrared absorption spectroscope. In the 500 mg 13C-acetate group, Delta13CO2 showed a steep gradient immediately after meal administration compared to the 125 mg and 250 mg groups. Therefore, t(max) in the 500 mg group was easier to determine than in the 125 mg and 250 mg groups. In the 500 mg group, GEC, half-empty time (t1/2), calculated t(max) (t(lag)), and t(max) were 1.95 +/- 0.28 (mean +/- SD), 229.2 +/- 57.0 (min), 139.2 +/- 22.2 (min), and 124.0 +/- 28.4, respectively. Differences in CV observed in the 500 mg group were lower than those in the 125 mg and 250 mg groups. This study demonstrates that the 13C-acetate breath test is useful for evaluating gastric emptying in horses since it is non-invasive and does not require set up of special facilities or equipment. Optimum evaluation of gastric emptying in horses can be achieved with 500 mg of 13C-acetate given in a liquid diet.  相似文献   

Malate dehydrogenase activities are lower in some types of peripheral leucocytes of dogs and cats with type 1 diabetes mellitus     

Magori E  Nakamura M  Inoue A  Tanaka A  Sasaki N  Fukuda H  Mizutani H  Sako T  Kimura N  Arai T 《Research in veterinary science》2005,78(1):39-44

The activities of the enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle were measured in peripheral leucocytes of spontaneous type 1 diabetic dogs and cats treated with insulin injections. In the diabetic dogs and cats, fasting plasma glucose concentrations were three- or fourfold greater than the control levels in spite of insulin injections and the activities of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH), one of pivotal enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle, were remarkably lower than the controls. Depressed expression of cytosolic MDH mRNA was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis in the diabetic animals. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (M / L ratio) in leucocytes of the diabetic animals was significantly lower than that of normal control animals. The smaller M / L ratio appeared to reflect depression of energy metabolism in the diabetic animals. Intrinsically lower and further decreased MDH activities may be factors that induce insulin resistance observed in diabetic cats.  相似文献   

Population structure of the Japanese Brown breed     

Ibi T  Moriya K  Matsumoto M  Koba S  Sasaki Y 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》1997,114(1-6):43-48

SUMMARY: The population structure of the Japanese Brown in Kumamoto Prefecture was investigated with pedigree analysis. Two hundred heifers were randomly sampled, in 1960, 1970, 1980, and 1990. Population genetic parameters, i.e. F-statistics, index of subdivision, generation interval, effective population size, and effective number of sires, were estimated. The effective number of sires decreased, most dramatically, from 1970 to 1980. The average inbreeding coefficient (F(IT) ) increased, from 0.64% in 1960 to 5.43% in 1990. F(ST) increased in parallel with F(IT) , while F(IS) remained low. From 1960 to 1980, the index of diversity showed a decreasing trend, but this improved a little, with the index at 1.1 in 1990. The generation interval tended to be longer year by year, and was 5.52 during 1980-90. On the other hand, N(e) decreased, from 724.6 before 1960 to 40.1 at the present. The population structure of the Japanese Brown is not problematical at present, when considering F(IT) , but the irreversible inbreeding coefficient (F(ST) ) increases constantly. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Untersuchungen der Populationsstruktur der japanischen braunen Rasse Die Populationsstruktur in der Kumamotopr?fektur wurde an Hand einer Pedigreeanalyse untersucht. Zweihundert Kalbinnen wurden in den Jahren 1960, 1970, 1980 und 1990 zuf?llig ausgew?hlt und populationsgenetische Parameter F-Werte, Index der Unter-teilung und genetisch wirksame Zahl von Stieren gesch?tzt. Die wirksame Zahl von Vatertieren hat abgenommen, wobei das am st?rksten zwischen 1970 und 1980 vor sich gegangen ist. Der durchschnittliche Inzuchtkoeffizient (F(IT) ) zeigte Zunahme von 0, 64% im Jahr 1960 auf 5, 43% im Jahr 1990. F(ST) nahm parallel mit F(IT) zu, w?hrend F(IS) nieder geblieben ist. Von 1960 bis 1980 zeigte der Diversit?tsindex eine abnehmende Tendenz, hat aber sp?ter etwas zugenommen, wobei der Index im Jahr 1990 1, 1 erreicht hat. Die Populationsstruktur des japanischen Braunviehs ist derzeit keinen alarmierenden Status, aber F(ST) steigt kontinuierlich an.  相似文献   

Genetics of racing performance in the Japanese Thoroughbred horse:: I. Description of the data     

Oki H  Willham RL  Sasaki Y 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》1994,111(1-6):121-127

SUMMARY: The Japan Racing Association (JRA) operates 10 national racecourses with both turf and dirt tracks. JRA formulates the rules for horseracing; registers owners, colors, and horses using foal registration; and licenses all JRA trainers and jockeys. In 1990, at the 10 racecourses there were 288 racing days, 3,353 races, and some 38,397 horses. Horse breeding is concentrated in 7 locations with 93% of the Thoroughbreds foaled each year coming from Hokkaido. Thoroughbred flat racing comprise 92% of all races held. Two year olds race together and nearly 40% of their races are run at 1200 m. Some 39% of the three year olds races are at 1800 m. For 3 (and 4) year olds, the range in distances is from 1000 m to 3600 m. The average, over years, of the number of race records per race for 2 year olds is 10.0 and for 3 year olds and up is 11.3. The average for race records per horse for 2 year olds is 3.5 and for 3 year olds and up is 6.7. This average for horses raced per year for 2 year olds is 1,164 and 4,240 for 3 year olds and up. Horses raced per sire averaged over years was 4.6 for 2 year olds and 10.5 for the older ages. The linear regression of seconds per 100 m fit the average seconds reported for the several distances run almost perfectly with R(2) values greater than .99 for all horse ages on either turf or dirt. There is selection practiced as indicated by horse numbers registered and their numbers over ages for stallions and mares. Less than .2% of the horses raced are geldings. A high degree of control exists by JRA in horse stabling and distribution of racing by horses over racecourses. Jockeys are trained by JRA, ride at several race courses, and ride for many trainers. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Genetik der Rennleistung beim Japanischen Vollblut: I. Beschreibung der Daten Die "Japan Racing Association" (JRA) betreibt in ganz Japan zehn Pferderennbahnen sowohl mit Rasen- als auch mit Sandkursen. JRA legt die Regeln für Pferderennen fest, registriert die Eigentümer, Farben und Pferde mittels Fohlenregistrierung und vergibt die Lizenzen für alle JRA-Trainer und -Jockeys. Im Jahre 1990 verzeichneten die zehn Pferderennbahnen 288 Renntage, 3353 Rennen mit 38 397 Pferden; Pferdezucht ist an sieben Orten konzentriert, wobei 93% der Vollblutfohlen aus Hokkaido stammen. Bei 92% der veranstalteten Rennen handelt es sich um Nichthindernisrennen von Vollblutpferden. Dabei stehen die Zweij?hrigen im Wettbewerb, und fast 40% der Rennen gehen über 1200 m. Etwa 39% der Dreij?hrigen nehmen an Rennen über 1800 m teil. Bei den Dreij?hrigen (und Vierj?hrigen) liegen die Distanzen zwischen 1000 bis 3600 m. Der Durchschnitt der Zahl der Rennmeldungen über mehrere Jahre für die Zweij?hrigen betr?gt 10,0 und für die dreij?hrigen und ?lteren Pferde 11,3. Der Durchschnitt der Rennmeldungen pro Pferd bei den Zweij?hrigen betr?gt 3,5 und den dreij?hrigen und ?lteren Pferden 6,7. Durchschnittlich nehmen j?hrlich an Rennen 1164 zweij?hrige und 4240 dreij?hrige und ?ltere Pferde teil. Die durchschnittliche Zahl der Pferde über mehrere Jahre war 4,6 pro Vatertier für die Zweij?hrigen und 10,5 für ?ltere Pferde. Die lineare Regression von Sekunden pro 100 m pa?te sich mit R(2) -Werten über 0,99 fast genau den Durchschnittssekunden an, die für die verschiedenen Renndistanzen angegeben wurden, für die Pferde aller Altersgruppen sowohl auf Rasen- als auch Sandbahn. Selektion bei Hengsten und Stuten ergibt sich aus Zahl der registrierten Pferde mit verschiedenem Lebensalter. Unter den an Rennen beteiligten Pferden sind weniger als 0,2% Wallache. Bei JRA herrscht ein hoher Grad an Kontrolle in bezug auf St?lle und die Verteilung über die Pferderennbahnen. Die von JRA ausgebildeten Jockeys reiten auf verschiedenen Pferderennbahnen und für mehrere Trainer.  相似文献   

Development of vaccine strains of H5 and H7 influenza viruses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Soda K  Sakoda Y  Isoda N  Kajihara M  Haraguchi Y  Shibuya H  Yoshida H  Sasaki T  Sakamoto R  Saijo K  Hagiwara J  Kida H 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2008,55(2-3):93-98

To establish vaccine strains of H5 and H7 influenza viruses, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/04 (H5N1) [Vac-1/04 (H5N1)], A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/07 (H5N1) [Vac-3/07 (H5N1)], and A/duck/Hokkaido/ Vac-2/04 (H7N7) [Vac-2/04 (H7N7)] were generated from non-pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory ducks. Vac-1/04 (H5N1) and Vac-3/07 (H5N1) were generated by genetic reassortment between H5N2 or H5N3 virus as an HA gene provider and H7N1 or H6N1 viruses as an NA gene provider. Vac-2/04 (H7N7) was a genetic reassortant obtained using H7N7 and H9 N2 viruses to give high growth character of the H9N2 virus in chicken embryonated eggs. The results of sequence analyses and experimental infections revealed that these H5N1 and H7N7 reassortant viruses were non-pathogenic in chickens and embryos, and had good growth potential in embryonated eggs. These viruses should be useful to develop vaccines against H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.  相似文献   

A PCR-based epidemiological survey of Hepatozoon canis in dogs in Nigeria     

Sasaki M  Omobowale O  Ohta K  Tozuka M  Matsuu A  Hirata H  Nottidge HO  Ikadai H  Oyamada T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(7):743-745

The prevalence of Hepatozoon canis infections in dogs in Nigeria was surveyed using molecular methods. DNA was extracted from blood samples obtained from 400 dogs. A primer set that amplified the Babesia canis 18S rRNA gene, which has high similarity to the H. canis 18S rRNA gene, was used for the PCR. As a result, samples from 81 dogs (20.3%) produced 757 bp bands, which differed from the 698 bp band that corresponded to B. canis infection. The sequence of the PCR products of 10 samples were determined, all of which corresponded with the H. canis sequence.  相似文献   

Immunoadjuvant activity of crude lectin extracted from Momordica charantia seed     

Huang L  Ikejiri A  Shimizu Y  Adachi T  Goto Y  Toyama J  Tanaka H  Akashi R  Uchida K  Miyata H  Haga T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(5):533-535

The aim of this study is to investigate the immunoadjuvant activity of the crude Momordica charantia lectin (crMCL) extracted from seed using beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) as the model antigen. BALB/c mice were injected intramuscularly with beta-gal alone or beta-gal + crMCL for up to four immunizations at two-week intervals. After administration of 2 doses, the IgG-specific titer to beta-gal was significantly higher in mice in the beta-gal + crMCL group than in that from the animals from the beta-gal alone group, while it was about the same in both groups after 1 dose. Our data suggest that crMCL may help raise antibodies under the prime and boost administration regimen and could be a potent vaccine adjuvant.  相似文献