Measurement of plasma chromogranin A concentrations for assessment of stress responses in dogs with insulin-induced hypoglycemia     

Akiyoshi H  Aoki M  Shimada T  Noda K  Kumagai D  Saleh N  Sugii S  Ohashi F 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(10):1830-1835

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether cross-reactivity exists between canine chromogranin A (CgA) and anti-human CgA antibody and investigate the usefulness of plasma CgA concentration measurements as an index of acute stress responses in dogs. ANIMALS: 12 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURE: Canine CgA was extracted and purified from canine adrenal glands of cadaver dogs for studying cross-reactivity with anti-human CgA antibody. Western blotting with anti-human CgA antibody was performed. Blood samples were collected from dogs at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after IV administration of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution or insulin. Canine plasma CgA concentrations were determined by use of a CgA ELISA kit with rabbit antiserum against the carboxy-terminal fragment of human CgA. Plasma cortisol and catecholamine (ie, norepinephrine and epinephrine) concentrations were measured by use of an ELISA and a high-performance liquid chromatography method, respectively. RESULTS: Purified canine CgA was specifically detected by use of western blot analysis and an ELISA with anti-human CgA antibody. An increase in plasma CgA concentrations was observed in insulin-induced hypoglycemic dogs. Changes in plasma CgA concentration were correlated with changes in plasma cortisol or catecholamine concentrations of hypoglycemic dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of the CgA ELISA kit for determination of human plasma CgA concentrations is applicable to the measurement of canine plasma CgA concentrations. Canine plasma CgA concentrations, along with measurements of plasma cortisol and catecholamine concentrations, correctly reflect insulin-induced hypoglycemic stressed conditions in dogs. Measurement of canine plasma CgA concentrations may provide a useful index for evaluation of an acute stress response.  相似文献   

Genotyping of Giardia intestinalis from domestic and wild animals in Japan using glutamete dehydrogenase gene sequencing     

Itagaki T  Kinoshita S  Aoki M  Itoh N  Saeki H  Sato N  Uetsuki J  Izumiyama S  Yagita K  Endo T 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,133(4):283-287

To determine the genotypes of Giardia intestinalis from domestic and wild animals in Japan, Giardia isolates obtained from feces of 24 dogs kept in households and breeding kennels, three companion cats, five dairy calves and three wild monkeys, Macaca fuscata, were genotyped using the 177 bp sequence of the glutamete dehydrogenase gene (gdh). The genotypes were assemblages A, C, D or A/D for dog isolates, Assemblage F for cat isolates, assemblages A or E for calf isolates and assemblage B for monkey isolates. This is the first report on the genotypes of Giardia isolates from cats, calves and wild monkeys in Japan.  相似文献   

Race distribution of Phytophthora sojae on soybean in Hyogo, Japan     

Takuma Sugimoto  Shinya Yoshida  Masataka Aino  Kazuhiko Watanabe  Kuniko Shiwaku  Mikihiro Sugimoto 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(2):92-97

Since 1987, Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Tanbakuro], caused by Phytophthora sojae Kaufman and Gerdemann, has been increasing in the Sasayama, Nishiwaki, and Kasai regions in Hyogo, the most famous soybean (cv. Tanbakuro)-producing areas in Japan. In 2002 to 2004, 51 isolates (one from each field) of P. sojae were recovered from 51 fields in Hyogo. These isolates were tested for virulence on six Japanese differential soybean cultivars used for race determination in Japan, and three additional ones containing four Rps genes used in Indiana, USA. Race E was the most prevalent from 2002 to 2004, followed by races A, C, D, and four new races (proposed as races K, L, M, and N). Interestingly, none of the new races had high virulence on the Japanese differential cultivars, compared with other races in each area. One (race N) was avirulent on all six soybean differentials. There was a difference in race distribution on each of three individual areas; race E seemed to be a major component of the P. sojae population in Sasayama, whereas race A and the new race M were the most prevalent in Nishiwaki and Kasai, respectively. Rps6 (cv. Altona) and Rps1a + Rps7 (cv. Harosoy 63) were infected by 90.2% and 33.3% of all isolates, respectively. However, Rps1d (cv. PI103091) was not susceptible to any of the 51 isolates, nor was cv. Gedenshirazu-1. These two soybean cultivars were considered to be potential sources of resistance to breed new resistant cultivars with the desirable characteristics of cv. Tanbakuro for this region.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic analysis and PCR detection of Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium haemolyticum, Clostridium novyi types A and B, and Clostridium septicum based on the flagellin gene     

Sasaki Y  Kojima A  Aoki H  Ogikubo Y  Takikawa N  Tamura Y 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,86(3):257-267

The flagellin genes (fliC) of Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium haemolyticum, Clostridium novyi types A and B, and Clostridium septicum were analysed by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. The five Clostridium species have at least two copies of the flagellin gene (fliC) arranged in tandem on the chromosome. The deduced N- and C-terminal aminoacid sequences of the flagellin proteins (FliCs) of these clostridia are well conserved but their central region aminoacid sequences are not. Phylogenic analysis based on the N-terminal aminoacid sequence of the FliC protein revealed that these clostridia, which belong to Clostridium 16S rDNA phylogenic cluster I (), are more closely related to Bacillus subtilis than to Clostridium difficile, which belongs to the cluster XI. Moreover, a multiplex polymerase reaction (PCR) system based on the fliC sequence was developed to rapidly identify C. chauvoei, C. haemolyticum, C. novyi types A and B, and C. septicum. PCR of each Clostridium amplified a species-specific band. The multiplex PCR system may be useful for rapid identification of pathogenic clostridia.  相似文献   

Quantitative electroencephalography of medetomidine,medetomidine-midazolam and medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol in dogs     

Itamoto K  Taura Y  Wada N  Takuma T  Une S  Nakaichi M  Hikasa Y 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2002,49(4):169-172

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist alone and in combination with other derivatives on brain wave activity. In addition, the diagnostic values of the electroencephalogram (EEG) for judging the depth of the balanced anaesthesia with an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist was evaluated. The treatments comprised 20 microg/kg medetomidine (Me-20), 80 microg/kg medetomidine (Me-80), 20 microg/kg medetomidine and 0.5 mg/kg midazolam (Me-Mi) administered intramuscularly, and 20 microg/kg medetomidine with 0.5 mg/kg midazolam and 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol (Me-Mi-Bu). The EEG was recorded continuously at pre-administration, and at 7, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min after administration. The recorded data were analysed by separating the power spectrum into 1-3, 4-7, 8-13 and 14-30 Hz bands. Spectral-edge analysis was used to calculate the spectral edge frequency 90 (SEF90) and the median edge frequency (MEF). Time-related changes in power spectrum analysis showed a significant increase in the Me-80 group in the 1-3 Hz band. The power for 1-3 Hz in the Me-80 group was significantly higher than in all the other groups. In the 14-30 Hz band, there was a significant reduction of power in all groups following administration of the agents. The SEF90 frequencies were significantly reduced in all groups except for the Me-20 group after administration of the agents. The SEF90 frequencies in the Me-20, Me-Mi and Me-Mi-Bu were all significantly higher than those in the Me-80 group. However, there was no significant difference between the Me-20, Me-Mi and Me-Mi-Bu groups in any analyses. Our results demonstrated that the changes in quantitative EEG made by the Me-Mi-Bu and Me-Mi groups were similar to those made by Me-20 groups. Present results suggest that the EEG should be interpreted with caution in assessing the anaesthetic level in balanced anaesthesia in dogs.  相似文献   

Effect of bovine lactoferrin on functions of activated feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells during chronic feline immunodeficiency virus infection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kobayashi S  Sato R  Aoki T  Omoe K  Inanami O  Hankanga C  Yamada Y  Tomizawa N  Yasuda J  Sasaki J 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(5):429-435

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection is characterized by chronic overactivation of immune and inflammatory system, resulting in anergic state and dysfunction of immune cells. Lactoferrin (LF), a glycoprotein present in exocrine secretions and neutrophils, plays an important role in host defense system. Our previous study showed that oral administration of bovine LF (bLF) suppressed oral inflammation, improved the clinical symptoms and decreased serum gamma-globulin as a marker of inflammation in FIV-infected cats with intractable stomatitis. The anti-inflammatory effect was partly involved in regulation of neutrophil function by bLF. In this study, to clarify the relationship between anti-inflammatory effects of bLF and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we examined the effect of bLF on proliferation, cell cycle progression and cytokine expression in mitogen-activated PBMC. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay showed that bLF inhibited the concanavalin A (ConA)-induced cell proliferation in FIV-infected cats with the asymptomatic carrier and AIDS-related complex (ARC) phase. Bovine LF restored ConA-induced cell cycle progression and resulted in suppression of the induced apoptosis in feline PBMC. Real-time RT-PCR showed that bLF suppressed ConA-induced expression of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 in cells of the ARC group regardless of the time of its addition to the medium. These results suggest the hypothesis that therapy with bLF may have the potential to improve and protect functions of overactivated lymphocytes by modulating the cell proliferation, cell cycle and cytokines expression in cats in terminal stage of FIV infection.  相似文献   

Analysis of DNA relationships among Aeromonas species by RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) typing     

V. Inglis  D. Colquhoun  M. D. Pearson  M. Miyata  T. Aoki 《Aquaculture International》1996,4(1):43-53

Genetic differences between a collection of aeromonads were studied in two laboratories by analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A single randomly designed primer, generated reproducible profiles of genomic DNA in both laboratories for Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida, although the profiles differed between laboratories. Analysis of atypical strains of A. salmonicida and isolates of the A. hydrophila group produced scattered profiles in both laboratories. The uniform fingerprints produced for A. salmonicida subspecies salmonicida indicate genomic homogeneity. The scattered RAPD profiles of the motile aeromonads demonstrate the genomic diversity of this group. A group of unspeciated motile aeromonads gave uniform fingerprints, suggesting the possibility of a genomically homogeneous species. Although the RAPD technique is susceptible to the effects of minor technical variations, this study has demonstrated that where there is DNA similarity, it can be recognized, and where there is diversity, differentiation can be made. RAPD promises to be useful in epidemiological studies for rapid identification of bacteria where a source of reference DNA is available and may be useful in preliminary investigations of relatedness within groups.  相似文献   

The effect of liposome-coated recombinant protein VP28 against white spot syndrome virus in kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus     

R Mavichak  T Takano  H Kondo  I Hirono  S Wada  K Hatai  H Inagawa  Y Takahashi  T Yoshimura  H Kiyono  Y Yuki  T Aoki 《Journal of fish diseases》2010,33(1):69-74

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Identification of enzyme genes in the liver of the Bleeker’s squid Loligo bleekeri by expressed sequence tag analysis     

Hidehiro Kondo  Takami Morita  Maki Ikeda  Chihiro Kurosaka  Aiko Shitara  Yuka Honda  Reiko Nozaki  Takashi Aoki  Ikuo Hirono 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(1):161-165

Expressed sequence tag (EST) analyses were performed with the aim of identifying enzyme genes in the liver of the Bleeker’s squid Loligo bleekeri. Of the 768 ESTs identified and sequenced, 669 were grouped into 324 clusters. Of these clusters, 123 comprising 245 ESTs were found to be homologous to genes reported to date. Among these, 43 clusters were annotated as enzymes according to the Enzyme Commission (EC) numbering system. Two EC groups, oxidoreductases and hydrolases, possessed a large number of ESTs. A cluster homologous to the glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme in the oxidoreductase group, contained 16 ESTs, which accounted for 2.4% of the total ESTs sequenced. There are three serine proteases, three cathepsins, two triacylgricerol lipases, and two chitinases among the clusters homologous to the enzymes in the hydrolase group. Since the squid liver functions in the digestive process, these enzymes would be involved in food digestion. Our data provide information on the various types of enzymes expressed in the squid liver and may provide a useful basis for further characterization of these enzymes.  相似文献   

Density and sound-speed contrasts,and target strength of Japanese sandeel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ammodytes personatus</Emphasis>     

Hiroki Yasuma  Ryo Nakagawa  Takashi Yamakawa  Kazushi Miyashita  Ichiro Aoki 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):545-552

Sound-speed and density contrasts (h and g, respectively), important acoustic material properties, of Japanese sandeel Ammodytes personatus were measured to estimate theoretical target strength (TS). The measured sound-speed contrast of adult fish varied between 1.016 and 1.023 (mean 1.020), and showed temperature dependence. The measured density contrast differed significantly between juvenile and adult. The density contrast of juvenile varied between 1.017 and 1.024 (1.021), and that of adult varied between 1.026 and 1.038 (1.032). Using these results, TS at 38 and 120 kHz in the fishing season were estimated by an empirical sound scattering model. TS of an individual fish varied significantly with change of tilt angle. TS of near-dorsal aspect (TS_max) and tilt-averaged TS (TS_ave) differed by up to 7 dB. At both frequencies, two different TS_ave−length relationships (TS_ave = a log L + b) were obtained for adult and juvenile. The coefficients of log L of adult were close to 20, suggesting that backscattering strength was proportional to square of body length. These values were larger in juvenile (34.0 at 120 kHz, 56.5 at 38 kHz), suggesting that backscattering strength varied drastically with the cube or fifth power of body length.  相似文献