Metagenomic profiles of the rumen microbiota during the transition period in low‐yield and high‐yield dairy cows     

Ahmad Sofyan  Yutaka Uyeno  Takumi Shinkai  Makoto Hirako  Shiro Kushibiki  Hiroyuki Kanamori  Satomi Mori  Yuichi Katayose  Makoto Mitsumori 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(10):1362-1376

We investigated potential relationships between rumen microbiota and milk production in dairy cows during the transition period. Twelve dairy cows were divided into a low‐yield (LY) or high‐yield (HY) group based on their milk yield. Rumen samples were taken from dairy cows at 3 weeks before parturition, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after parturition. 16S rDNA‐based metagenomic analysis showed that diversities of rumen microbiota in both groups were similar and the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was lower in the postpartum than prepartum period in both groups. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and ratio of Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes was higher in the HY than the LY group. OTUs assigned to Prevotella bryantii, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and Succinivibrio sp. were abundant in the HY group. These OTUs were significantly related to the propionate molar proportion of rumen fluids in the HY group. OTUs assigned to Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacterium sp. and Saccharofermentans were dominant in the LY group. Predictive functional profiling revealed that abundance of gene families involved in amino acid and vitamin metabolism was higher in the HY than the LY group. These results suggest that the community structure and fermentation products of rumen microbiota could be associated with milk production of dairy cows.  相似文献   

Correlated response of peripheral blood cytokines with selection for reduced mycoplasma pneumonia of swine lesions in Landrace pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Takumi Sato  Toshihiro Okamura  Chihiro Kojima‐Shibata  Hiroshi Kadowaki  Eisaku Suzuki  Hirohide Uenishi  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(4):477-483

Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) is responsible for significant economic losses in the swine industry. We selected Landrace pigs for reduced MPS pulmonary lesions over five generations, and measured concentrations of the following cytokines: interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐13, IL‐17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interferon (IFN)‐γ to estimate their correlation with MPS lesions. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were injected twice intramuscularly at 70 and 95 kg body weight. Blood serum samples were collected after 1 week of secondary SRBC inoculation and cytokine concentrations were analyzed by ELISA. Genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated. The heritability estimates of IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐17, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ were 0.20 ± 0.06, 0.12 ± 0.06, 0.27 ± 0.07, 0.20 ± 0.10 and 0.05 ± 0.03, respectively. Genetic correlations of IL‐17 and TNF‐α with pulmonary MPS lesions were high (‐0.86 ± 0.13 and 0.69 ± 0.29, respectively) and those of IFN‐γ and IL‐13 with MPS lesions were moderately negative (‐0.45). Through selection, the breeding values of IL‐17 and IFN‐γ increased substantially and those of TNF‐α decreased. These results suggest that innate and cellular immunity are more important for the suppression of pulmonary lesions in MPS than humoral‐mediated immunity, such as antibody response.  相似文献   

Arterial blood gas anomaly in canine hepatobiliary disease     

Yasuyuki KANEKO  Shidow TORISU  Takumi KOBAYASHI  Shinya MIZUTANI  Nao TSUZUKI  Hiroko SONODA  Masahiro IKEDA  Kiyokazu NAGANOBU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1633-1638

Arterial blood gas analysis is an important diagnostic and monitoring tool for respiratory abnormalities. In human medicine, lung complications often occur as a result of liver disease. Although pulmonary complications of liver disease have not been reported in dogs, we have frequently encountered hypoxemia in dogs with liver disorders, especially extrahepatic biliary obstruction. In addition, respiratory disorders account for 20% of perioperative fatalities in dogs. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the respiratory status in dogs with hepatobiliary disease by arterial blood gas analysis. PaO₂ and PaCO₂ were measured. Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (AaDO₂), the indicator of gas exchange efficiency, was calculated. Compared to healthy dogs (control group), hepatobiliary disease dogs had significantly lower PaO₂ and higher AaDO₂. Hypoxemia (PaO₂ of ≤80 mmHg) was observed in 28/71 dogs with hepatobiliary disease. AaDO₂ was higher (≥30 mmHg) than the control group range (11.6 to 26.4 mmHg) in 32/71 hepatobiliary disease dogs. By classifying type of hepatobiliary disease, dogs with extrahepatic biliary obstruction and chronic hepatitis showed significantly lower PaO₂ and higher AaDO₂ than in a control group. Dogs with chronic hepatitis also had significantly lower PaCO₂. The present study shows that dogs with hepatobiliary disease have respiratory abnormalities more than healthy dogs. Preanesthetic or routine arterial blood gas analysis is likely beneficial to detect the respiratory abnormalities in dogs with hepatobiliary disease, especially extrahepatic biliary obstruction and chronic hepatitis.  相似文献   

Neuronal activation modulates enhancer activity of genes for excitatory synaptogenesis through de novo DNA methylation     

Tomonori KAMEDA  Hideyuki NAKASHIMA  Takumi TAKIZAWA  Fumihito MIURA  Takashi ITO  Kinichi NAKASHIMA  Takuya IMAMURA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(6):369

Post-mitotic neurons do exhibit DNA methylation changes, contrary to the longstanding belief that the epigenetic pattern in terminally differentiated cells is essentially unchanged. While the mechanism and physiological significance of DNA demethylation in neurons have been extensively elucidated, the occurrence of de novo DNA methylation and its impacts have been much less investigated. In the present study, we showed that neuronal activation induces de novo DNA methylation at enhancer regions, which can repress target genes in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. The functional significance of this de novo DNA methylation was underpinned by the demonstration that inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity decreased neuronal activity-induced excitatory synaptogenesis. Overexpression of WW and C2 domain-containing 1 (Wwc1), a representative target gene of de novo DNA methylation, could phenocopy this DNMT inhibition-induced decrease in synaptogenesis. We found that both DNMT1 and DNMT3a were required for neuronal activity-induced de novo DNA methylation of the Wwc1 enhancer. Taken together, we concluded that neuronal activity-induced de novo DNA methylation that affects gene expression has an impact on neuronal physiology that is comparable to that of DNA demethylation. Since the different requirements of DNMTs for germ cell and embryonic development are known, our findings also have considerable implications for future studies on epigenomics in the field of reproductive biology.  相似文献   

Effects of indigenous and introduced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Allium fistulosum under field conditions     

Takumi Sato  Weiguo Cheng 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):705-709

ABSTRACT

Enhanced phosphorus (P) uptake from the soil and increased plant growth related to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in pot culture, using sterilized soil, are well-known phenomena. However, these enhancements are not widely observed under field conditions because field sterilization is difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AM fungi on P uptake and the growth of Allium fistulosum in non-fumigated and fumigated fields, under different levels of P availability. Plants were inoculated with the AM fungus Glomus R-10 and grown in fumigated soil. For the uninoculated treatment, a sterilized inoculum was applied directly. The field was fumigated using dazomet. Superphosphate was applied to the field at the rates of 0 (P0) or 500 (P500) kg P₂O₅ ha^?1. The inoculated and uninoculated plants were transplanted into the fields and sampled three times to measure AM fungal colonization, shoot P concentration, and shoot dry weight of the plants. At the transplanting stage, AM fungal colonization was observed in the inoculated plants (>70%) but not in the uninoculated plants. At the third sampling, irrespective of P treatment, AM fungal colonization was observed both in the uninoculated and inoculated plants in the non-fumigated field, and there was no difference in shoot P content and shoot dry weight between the inoculated and uninoculated plants. AM fungal colonization in the fumigated field was higher in the inoculated than uninoculated plants, irrespective of P treatment; shoot P content and shoot dry weight were both higher in the inoculated plants than in the uninoculated plants with P0. These results suggest that the responses of A. fistulosum to AM fungal inoculation under the low-P and fumigated conditions are similar to those observed in sterilized pot culture conditions.  相似文献   

Single spaghetti tagging as a high-retention marking method for Japanese common sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis>     

Takumi Fujino  Hideki Sawada  Hiromichi Mitamura  Reiji Masuda  Nobuaki Arai  Yoh Yamashita 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(3):367-372

Populations of sea cucumbers, including the Japanese common sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, have been seriously depleted worldwide due to overfishing. Mark–recapture study is an efficient means of collecting ecological data. However, the use of such a method in sea cucumbers is difficult because they lack hard tissues in the body wall. Here we tested the viability of various tagging methods on A. japonicus. First, we applied conventional tags using four different methods [single spaghetti (T-bar) tagging, double spaghetti tagging, ribbon tagging, and Atkins tagging] to ten individuals per method in aquaria for 14 days. Of the methods used, single spaghetti tagging had the highest retention rate. Then we examined the retention rate of single spaghetti tags on ten individual sea cucumbers for up to approximately 6 months in rearing conditions. The single spaghetti tagging method showed a retention rate of 100% over at least 7 days, and 50% of the tags remained embedded after 56 days. The longest duration of tag retention was 174 days, at which time the experiment was terminated. These results indicate that single spaghetti tagging is reliable for both short- and longer-term studies, making it a useful tool for ecological and conservation studies in sea cucumbers.  相似文献   

Effects of the preservation medium and storage duration of domestic cat ovaries on the maturational and developmental competence of oocytes in vitro     

Takumi YOSHIDA  Md Emtiaj ALAM  Keisuke HANAFUSA  Yasunori TSUJIMOTO  Masaya TSUKAMOTO  Ryoji KANEGI  Toshio INABA  Kikuya SUGIURA  Shingo HATOYA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2022,68(2):160

We examined the effectiveness of saline, Euro-Collins solution (EC), and ET-Kyoto solution (ET-K) as preservation media for the cold storage of feline ovaries. Ovaries were maintained in these media at 4°C for 24, 48, or 72 h until oocyte retrieval. The ET-K group exhibited a higher oocyte maturation rate than the saline group after 72 h of storage. Moreover, ET-K could sustain the competence of the feline oocytes to cleave after 48 h, and the morula formation rate of the ET-K group was higher than that of the other groups after 24 and 48 h. Furthermore, the ET-K group exhibited a higher blastocyst formation rate than the other groups after storage for 24 h, and only ET-K retained the developmental competence in blastocysts after 48 h of storage. In addition, regarding the cell numbers of the blastocysts, there was no significant difference among the tested groups. In conclusion, our results indicate that ET-K is a suitable preservation medium for feline ovaries.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a d-Octaarginine-linked polymer as a transfection tool for transient and stable transgene expression in human and murine cell lines     

Saki SAKUMA  Mariko OKAMOTO  Nao MATSUSHITA  Masami UKAWA  Takumi TOMONO  Keiko KAWAMOTO  Teruo IKEDA  Shinji SAKUMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(4):484

Poly(N-vinylacetamide-co-acrylic acid) coupled with d-octaarginine (VP-R8) promotes the cellular uptake of peptides/proteins in vitro; however, details of the transfection efficacy of VP-R8, such as the cell types possessing high gene transfer, are not known. Herein, we compared the ability of VP-R8 to induce the cellular uptake of plasmid DNA in mouse and human cell lines from different tissues and organs. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expression plasmid was used as model genetic material, and fluorescence as an indicator of uptake and plasmid-derived protein expression. Three mouse and three human cell lines were incubated with a mixture of plasmid and VP-R8, and fluorescence analysis were performed two days after transfection. To confirm stable transgene expression, we performed drug selection three days after transfection. A commercially available polymer-based DNA transfection reagent (PTR) was used as the transfection control and standard for comparing transgene expression efficiency. In the case of transient transgene expression, slight-to-moderate GFP expression was observed in all cell lines transfected with plasmid via VP-R8; however, transfection efficiency was lower than using the PTR for gene delivery. In the case of stable transgene expression, VP-R8 promoted drug-resistance acquisition more efficiently than the PTR did. Cells that developed drug resistance after VP-R8-mediated gene transfection expressed GFP more efficiently than cells that developed drug resistance after transfection with the PTR. Thus, VP-R8 shows potential as an in vitro or ex vivo nonviral transfection tool for generating cell lines with stable transgene expression.  相似文献   

Synthesis of 1,4-benzodioxan derivatives and the evaluation of their biological activity as a novel juvenile hormone signaling inhibitor     

Kenjiro Furuta  Naoko Yamada  Takumi Kayukawa 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):5341-5348

  相似文献   

Inclusion body hepatitis caused by fowl adenovirus in broiler chickens in Japan, 2009-2010     

Nakamura K  Mase M  Yamamoto Y  Takizawa K  Kabeya M  Wakuda T  Matsuda M  Chikuba T  Yamamoto Y  Ohyama T  Takahashi K  Sato N  Akiyama N  Honma H  Imai K 《Avian diseases》2011,55(4):719-723

From January 2009 to June 2010, many broiler chicks suddenly died without clinical signs. The mortality rates were from 1.2% to 17.0% in affected flocks. Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was detected in 13 prefectures (northern, eastern, western, and southern areas) in Japan. The livers were enlarged and pale. The bursa of Fabricius and thymus had not atrophied. Multifocal necroses of hepatocytes with basophilic intranuclear inclusions were seen in the liver. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes were rare. Focal necrosis of acinar cells with basophilic intranuclear inclusions was found in the pancreas. Basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were detected in intact surface epithelial cells of gizzard and epithelial cells of the small intestine. The intranuclear inclusions of liver, pancreas, gizzard, and small intestine were stained positively for immunohistochemistry of fowl adenovirus (FAV) antigen. Ultrastructurally, basophilic intranuclear inclusions consisted of viral particles approximately 70 nm in diameter and arranged in a crystalline array. FAV was isolated from the liver of chickens affected with IBH. The serotype of most isolates was 2. This study suggests that IBH produced by FAV is epidemic in broiler chicks in Japan and that the present cases occurred as the primary disease without the association of infectious bursal disease virus or chicken anemia virus.  相似文献