Tetrodotoxins (TTXs) and Vibrio alginolyticus in Mussels from Central Adriatic Sea (Italy): Are They Closely Related?     

Simone Bacchiocchi  Debora Campacci  Melania Siracusa  Alessandra Dubbini  Francesca Leoni  Tamara Tavoloni  Stefano Accoroni  Stefania Gorbi  Maria Elisa Giuliani  Arianna Stramenga  Arianna Piersanti 《Marine drugs》2021,19(6)

Tetrodotoxins (TTXs), potent neurotoxins, have become an increasing concern in Europe in recent decades, especially because of their presence in mollusks. The European Food Safety Authority published a Scientific Opinion setting a recommended threshold for TTX in mollusks of 44 µg equivalent kg⁻¹ and calling all member states to contribute to an effort to gather data in order to produce a more exhaustive risk assessment. The objective of this work was to assess TTX levels in wild and farmed mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) harvested in 2018–2019 along the coastal area of the Marche region in the Central Adriatic Sea (Italy). The presence of Vibrio spp. carrying the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) genes, which are suspected to be involved in TTX biosynthesis, was also investigated. Out of 158 mussel samples analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS), 11 (7%) contained the toxins at detectable levels (8–26 µg kg⁻¹) and 3 (2%) contained levels above the EFSA safety threshold (61–76 µg kg⁻¹). Contaminated mussels were all harvested from natural beds in spring or summer. Of the 2019 samples, 70% of them contained V. alginolyticus strains with the NRPS and/or PKS genes. None of the strains containing NRPS and/or PKS genes showed detectable levels of TTXs. TTXs in mussels are not yet a threat in the Marche region nor in Europe, but further investigations are surely needed.  相似文献   

Understanding the dynamics of neonicotinoid activity in the management of Bemisia tabaci whiteflies on poinsettias     

Frank J. Byrne  Ronald D. Oetting  James A. Bethke  Charles Green  Joe Chamberlin 《Crop Protection》2010

The relative efficacies of registered label rates for foliar and soil drench treatments of imidacloprid and dinotefuran at preventing the establishment of Bemisia tabaci B biotype whitefly populations on newly infested poinsettia plants were evaluated. Pesticide levels within and on plant leaves were monitored for 10 weeks by ELISA and LC/MS in an effort to better understand the dynamics of neonicotinoid activity against this insect and to estimate insecticide concentrations needed to kill the nymphal and adult stages. While all treatments proved equally effective as a remedial measure for the control of the resident adult populations, thereby accomplishing the objective of foliar contact treatments, the dinotefuran soil drench application was the only treatment that provided multi-generational control of Bemisia populations.  相似文献   

Pathogenic characteristics of persistent feline enteric coronavirus infection in cats     

Liesbeth Vogel  Mariken Van der Lubben  Eddie G. Te Lintelo  Cornelis P.J. Bekker  Tamara Geerts  Leontine S. Schuijff  Guy C.M. Grinwis  Herman F. Egberink  Peter J.M. Rottier 《Veterinary research》2010,41(5)

Feline coronaviruses (FCoV) comprise two biotypes: feline enteric coronaviruses (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis viruses (FIPV). FECV is associated with asymptomatic persistent enteric infections, while FIPV causes feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a usually fatal systemic disease in domestic cats and some wild Felidae. FIPV arises from FECV by mutation. FCoV also occur in two serotypes, I and II, of which the serotype I viruses are by far the most prevalent in the field. Yet, most of our knowledge about FCoV infections relates to serotype II viruses, particularly about the FIPV, mainly because type I viruses grow poorly in cell culture. Hence, the aim of the present work was the detailed study of the epidemiologically most relevant viruses, the avirulent serotype I viruses. Kittens were inoculated oronasally with different doses of two independent FECV field strains, UCD and RM. Persistent infection could be reproducibly established. The patterns of clinical symptoms, faecal virus shedding and seroconversion were monitored for up to 10 weeks revealing subtle but reproducible differences between the two viruses. Faecal virus, i.e. genomic RNA, was detected during persistent FECV infection only in the large intestine, downstream of the appendix, and could occasionally be observed also in the blood. The implications of our results, particularly our insights into the persistently infected state, are discussed.  相似文献   

Reply to Dr Watenpaugh's Letter     

Tamara Hew-Butler  Ian R. Rogers 《The Forestry Chronicle》2010,21(3):279

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Dynamic cellular uptake of mixed-monolayer protected nanoparticles     

Carney RP  Carney TM  Mueller M  Stellacci F 《Biointerphases》2012,7(1-4):17

Nanoparticles (NPs) are gaining increasing attention for potential application in medicine; consequently, studying their interaction with cells is of central importance. We found that both ligand arrangement and composition on gold nanoparticles play a crucial role in their cellular internalization. In our previous investigation, we showed that 66-34OT nanoparticles coated with stripe-like domains of hydrophobic (octanethiol, OT, 34%) and hydrophilic (11-mercaptoundecane sulfonate, MUS, 66%) ligands permeated through the cellular lipid bilayer via passive diffusion, in addition to endo-/pino-cytosis. Here, we show an analysis of NP internalization by DC2.4, 3T3, and HeLa cells at two temperatures and multiple time points. We study four NPs that differ in their surface structures and ligand compositions and report on their cellular internalization by intracellular fluorescence quantification. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy we have found that all three cell types internalize the 66-34OT NPs more than particles coated only with MUS, or particles coated with a very similar coating but lacking any detectable ligand shell structure, or 'striped' particles but with a different composition (34-66OT) at multiple data points.  相似文献   

An index of human alteration of lake shore morphology          下载免费PDF全文

Oliver Miler  Gwendolin Porst  Elaine Mcgoff  Francesca Pilotto  Louise Donohue  Tamara Jurca  Angelo Solimini  Leonard Sandin  Kenneth Irvine  Jukka Aroviita  Ralph Clarke  Martin T. Pusch 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2015,25(3):353-364

Fractionation of Mercury in Water Hyacinth and Pondweed from Contaminated Area of Gold Mine Tailing     

Tamara E. Romanova  Olga V. Shuvaeva 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(6):171

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Relationship between the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) variant R306ter and physiological responses to mechanical or thermal stimuli in Labrador Retriever dogs     

Tania E. Perez  Katrina L. Mealey  Neal S. Burke  Tamara L. Grubb  Michael H. Court  Stephen A. Greene 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):370-374

Objective

Variants in the MC1R gene have been associated with red hair color and sensitivity to pain in humans. The study objective was to determine if a relationship exists between MC1R genotype and physiological thermal or mechanical nociceptive thresholds in Labrador Retriever dogs.

Study design

Prospective experimental study.

Animals

Thirty-four Labrador Retriever dogs were included in the study following public requests for volunteers. Owner consent was obtained and owners verified that their dog was apparently not experiencing pain and had not been treated for pain during the previous 14 days. The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Methods

Nociceptive thresholds were determined from a mean of three thermal and five mechanical replications using commercially available algometers. Each dog was genotyped for the previously described MC1R variant (R306ter). Data were analyzed using one-way anova with post hoc comparisons using Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).

Results

Thirteen dogs were homozygous wild-type (WT/WT), nine were heterozygous (WT/R306ter), and eight were homozygous variant (R306ter/R306ter) genotype. Four dogs could not be genotyped. A significant difference (p = 0.04) in mechanical nociceptive thresholds was identified between dogs with the WT/WT genotype (12.1 ± 2.1 N) and those with the WT/R306ter genotype (9.2 ± 2.4 N).

Conclusion

A difference in mechanical, but not thermal, nociceptive threshold was observed between wild-type and heterozygous MC1R variants. Differences in nociceptive thresholds between homozygous R306ter variants and other genotypes for MC1R were not observed.

Clinical relevance

Compared with the wild-type MC1R genotype, nociceptive sensitivity to mechanical force in dogs with a single variant R306ter allele may be greater. However, in contrast to the reported association between homozygous MC1R variants (associated with red hair color) and nociception in humans, we found no evidence of a similar relationship in dogs with the homozygous variant genotype.  相似文献   

Ethics, Animals and Science          下载免费PDF全文

Tim Blackwell  Tamara Keeley 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(7):560

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Effect of hydrochloric acid,pepsin, or taurocholate on bioelectric properties of gastric squamous mucosa in horses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Widenhouse TV  Lester GD  Merritt AM 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(5):744-749

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of pH with or without pepsin or taurocholic acid on the bioelectric properties of gastric squamous mucosa in horses. SAMPLE POPULATION: Gastric tissues obtained from 16 adult horses that did not have evidence of gastric disease. PROCEDURE: Bioelectric properties of squamous mucosa were determined, using modified Ussing chambers. Tissues then were exposed to mucosal pepsin (1 mg/ml) or taurocholic acid (2.5 mM) under neutral (pH 74) or acidic (pH 1.7) conditions. RESULTS: Exposure of mucosal sheets to an acidic pH resulted in an immediate and sustained decrease in transmembrane potential difference and calculated tissue resistance. Pepsin or taurocholic acid did not significantly affect bioelectric variables when added to a mucosal bath solution of pH 7.4. A synergistic effect between pepsin or taurocholic acid and mucosal acidification was not detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mucosal acidification with or without pepsin or taurocholic acid resulted in reduced tissue resistance. These data support the contention that squamous erosions or ulcers in horses are mediated, in part, by prolonged exposure of gastric squamous mucosa to luminal acid.  相似文献