Cardiac myosin activation: a potential therapeutic approach for systolic heart failure     

Malik FI  Hartman JJ  Elias KA  Morgan BP  Rodriguez H  Brejc K  Anderson RL  Sueoka SH  Lee KH  Finer JT  Sakowicz R  Baliga R  Cox DR  Garard M  Godinez G  Kawas R  Kraynack E  Lenzi D  Lu PP  Muci A  Niu C  Qian X  Pierce DW  Pokrovskii M  Suehiro I  Sylvester S  Tochimoto T  Valdez C  Wang W  Katori T  Kass DA  Shen YT  Vatner SF  Morgans DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6023):1439-1443

Decreased cardiac contractility is a central feature of systolic heart failure. Existing drugs increase cardiac contractility indirectly through signaling cascades but are limited by their mechanism-related adverse effects. To avoid these limitations, we previously developed omecamtiv mecarbil, a small-molecule, direct activator of cardiac myosin. Here, we show that it binds to the myosin catalytic domain and operates by an allosteric mechanism to increase the transition rate of myosin into the strongly actin-bound force-generating state. Paradoxically, it inhibits adenosine 5'-triphosphate turnover in the absence of actin, which suggests that it stabilizes an actin-bound conformation of myosin. In animal models, omecamtiv mecarbil increases cardiac function by increasing the duration of ejection without changing the rates of contraction. Cardiac myosin activation may provide a new therapeutic approach for systolic heart failure.  相似文献   

Sex distinction of asparagus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification and observation of seedling phenotypes     

Yukie Shiobara  Mioko Yoshino  Atsuko Uragami  Ani Widiastuti  Akifumi Omori  Keiko Kuba  Harufumi Saito  Yukimasa Hirata  Takahiro Sonoda  Takeharu Koizumi  Tatsuo Sato 《Euphytica》2011,177(1):91-97

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a dioecious plant. In general, male and female plants are used for open-field culture and intensive cultivation, respectively. Farmers distinguish between the sexes by observing the form of the flower organs. However, because flowering begins 2?C3 years after planting, the sexes cannot be differentiated at transplantation by using this method, and planting of an all-male population is not possible. In this study, the usefulness of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a simple method of gene amplification, for sex distinction at the DNA level was determined. In addition, the phenotypic differences in seeds and seedlings of male and female plants were investigated for application as a method of early sex distinction. By using the LAMP method, the sex could be correctly identified in 100% of the seedlings, suggesting that this method is effective for sex distinction at the gene level. Principal component analysis was conducted with 11 selected parameters after investigating the seeds and seedlings of both male and female plants. The results revealed that male plants tend to have many stalks or cladophylls and female plants tend to have large plant forms, suggesting that the sexes can be distinguished by the external appearance of the seedlings before planting. LAMP and observation of the seedling phenotypes could be useful methods of sex distinction for increasing the efficiency of asparagus breeding.  相似文献   

Fractionation of foliar absorbed phosphorus by paper electro-phoresis     

Tatsuo Takahashi  Daisuke Yoshida 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):32-36

Fractional analysis of phosphorus compounds in plant tissue has been carried out by many workers, and reported on tobacco plant by Holden (1) and Komatsu (2). The fractional distribution of foliar absorbed phosphorus was investigated by Yatazawa (3) who indicated that the phosphorus was first converted into the phosphate-ester as an intermediate substance on the phosphorus metabolism. The methods of fractional analysis used by these authors were based on the method proposed by Page and Umbereit (4) in which they used trichloroacetic acid as the first extracting reagent. Recently, in order to separate the protein bound phosphorus, Wildmann, Campell and Bonner (5) adopted the salting-out method without using trichloroacetic acid. They reported that the protein-bound phosphorus plays an important role and is in the dynamic state. Fujiwara and Kadowaki (6) paid attention to the phosphorus bound to cytoplasmic protein as energy-rich phosphate compounds, and adopted the method so as to separate such compounds. In order to reveal the utilization of foliar absorbed phosphorus by the tobacco plant, the fractional distribution of phosphorus was examined. In this paper, the degree of change to organic phosphorus was taken as an index of phosphorus utilization. Paper electrophoresis was used for this purpose because the inorganic and the protein-bound phosphorus could be separated easily.  相似文献   

Über Die Harnstoff-Formaldehyd Kondensaten I     

Tatsuo Hayase 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):120-126

Der größere Teil des Stickstoffhaltiges Düngesmittels sind anorganische Substanzen, und nur das Harnstoff und Kalkstickstoff können organische genannt werden, aber seine Geschwindigkeiten der Zersetzung im Boden sind ziemlich schnell, also sie haben keine dauernde Wirkung, sondern haben schnell Düngewirkung.  相似文献   

Über Die Harnstoff Formaldehyd Kondensaten II     

Tatsuo Hayase 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):174-178

Im ersten Bericht (1) wir beschrieben eine Weise die rein Monomethlolharnstoff im große Ausbeute darstellt, aber es ist unklar, ob dem Düngemittel oder einem Bestandteil des komplex Düngemittel, Monomethylolharnstoff angemesst ist oder nicht. Also, wir untersuchten einige Eigenschaften wie folgt.  相似文献   

Individual consistency between diel activity during rearing and behavior after release in red tilefish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Branchiostegus japonicus</Emphasis> revealed by laboratory observation and acoustic telemetry     

Takashi Yokota  Reiji Masuda  Hiroyuki Takeuchi  Tatsuo Tsuzaki  Nobuaki Arai 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(3):500-511

ABSTRACT:   To determine characteristics which may reflect the behavioral quality of red tilefish Branchiostegus japonicus after release, five wild and four hatchery-reared fish were observed in a laboratory and in the sea. The diel activity of the fish was recorded on video tape for 2 days in a tank, where the light condition was regulated to vary periodically over 24 h. The individuals were then released in Maizuru Bay and tracked using acoustic telemetry. Four wild individuals became most active at dawn during a day in the tank, and settled near the release area to stay for 28–104 days after release in Maizuru Bay. In contrast, one wild and four hatchery-reared individuals were not active at dawn, and then did not settle in Maizuru Bay after release. Among the four settled wild individuals, the more active a fish had been in the tank, the more distant the individual moved from the release point until its settlement. The diel activity pattern should be a factor deciding whether red tilefish would settle nearby after release, and the relative amount of activity during rearing is probably related to the degree of dispersion within the release area.  相似文献   

New size measurement for the Japanese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Stichopodidae) estimated from the body length and body breadth   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Yusuke Yamana  Tatsuo Hamano 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(3):585-589

ABSTRACT:   Anesthetized body length ( La ), an accurate measurement of body size of Japanese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus , is measured by using l -menthol anesthetizer but it is difficult to apply La in the field. An estimation method of La from only one simultaneous measurement of body length ( L ) and body breadth ( B ), regardless of the degree of contraction or extension of the body, is proposed. In simultaneous measurement of L and B for each of 150 animals of both the green and the black types of A. japonicus , there were significant negative correlations between L and B in all animals. Further, √( L  ×  B ) was approximately constant regardless of the animals' body form (coefficient of variance: 0.01–0.06). Thus, the regression equations for Le , estimated La , were calculated: the green type, Le  = 2.32 + 2.02 × √( L · B ); and the black type, Le  = 1.34 + 2.12 × √( L · B ). The error values between Le from these equations and La were small. The variances of Le were approximately one-quarter of those of L and half of B . From these, the equations can be used for body size measurements taken in the field.  相似文献   

A mesoscale iron enrichment in the western subarctic Pacific induces a large centric diatom bloom   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tsuda A  Takeda S  Saito H  Nishioka J  Nojiri Y  Kudo I  Kiyosawa H  Shiomoto A  Imai K  Ono T  Shimamoto A  Tsumune D  Yoshimura T  Aono T  Hinuma A  Kinugasa M  Suzuki K  Sohrin Y  Noiri Y  Tani H  Deguchi Y  Tsurushima N  Ogawa H  Fukami K  Kuma K  Saino T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5621):958-961

We have performed an in situ test of the iron limitation hypothesis in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean. A single enrichment of dissolved iron caused a large increase in phytoplankton standing stock and decreases in macronutrients and dissolved carbon dioxide. The dominant phytoplankton species shifted after the iron addition from pennate diatoms to a centric diatom, Chaetoceros debilis, that showed a very high growth rate, 2.6 doublings per day. We conclude that the bioavailability of iron regulates the magnitude of the phytoplankton biomass and the key phytoplankton species that determine the biogeochemical sensitivity to iron supply of high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll waters.  相似文献   

Structure and Absolute Configuration of Phenanthro-perylene Quinone Pigments from the Deep-Sea Crinoid Hypalocrinus naresianus     

Sahithya Phani Babu Vemulapalli  Juan Carlos Fuentes-Monteverde  Niels Karschin  Tatsuo Oji  Christian Griesinger  Klaus Wolkenstein 《Marine drugs》2021,19(8)

Two new water-soluble phenanthroperylene quinones, gymnochrome H (2) and monosulfated gymnochrome A (3), as well as the known compounds gymnochrome A (4) and monosulfated gymnochrome D (5) were isolated from the deep-sea crinoid Hypalocrinus naresianus, which had been collected in the deep sea of Japan. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including HRMS, 1D ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and 2D NMR. The absolute configuration was determined by ECD spectroscopy, analysis of J-couplings and ROE contacts, and DFT calculations. The configuration of the axial chirality of all isolated phenanthroperylene quinones (2–5) was determined to be (P). For gymnochrome H (2) and monosulfated gymnochrome A (3), a (2′S,2″R) configuration was determined, whereas for monosulfated gymnochrome D (5) a (2′R,2″R), configuration was determined. Acetylated quinones are unusual among natural products from an echinoderm and gymnochrome H (2) together with the recently reported gymnochrome G (1) represent the first isolated acetylated phenanthroperylene quinones.  相似文献   

Precocious estrus and reproductive ability induced by PG 600 in prepuberal gilts     

Iwamura S  Sone M  Kawarasaki T  Ryu S  Ogasa A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(1):7-11

A total of 29 SPF Large White prepuberal gilts (mean age 152 days at treatment) were examined for estrous and ovulatory responses after PG 600 treatment. After treatment, 85.2% of the gilts showed standing estrus within 6 days. Whereas the treatment-to-estrus interval and duration were 3.7 and 1.9 days respectively. As ovulation occurred on Day 5 to 6, appropriate timing of artificial insemination would be about 4 days after treatment. Fertility of gilts revealed to be excellent, giving rise to a high percentage of normal embryos, 85.3%. Meanwhile, development and growth of fetuses were mostly normal. Other reproductive performances recorded were: mean litter size 6.8; mean birth weight 1.26 kg; weaning-to-return estrus interval 5 to 8 days. In conclusion, PG 600 was found to be useful in inducing fertile estrus in prepuberal gilts, a result which will be of interest for commercial pig farms.  相似文献