The genetic diversities of 4 species of subg. Lithocerasus (Prunus, Rosaceae) revealed by RAPD analysis     

Takehiko Shimada  Hiroko Hayama  Kouichi Nishimura  Masami Yamaguchi  Masao Yoshida 《Euphytica》2001,117(1):85-90

RAPD analysis was applied to reveal the genetic diversities of 4 speciesof subg. Lithocerasus within the genus Prunus using 40accessions representing the subgenera Prunophora, Amygdalus,Lithocerasus and Cerasus. The accession of subg. Lithocerasus are phenotypically similar to members of subgenus Cerasus but different with them in interspecific crossing tests and isozymeprofiles. Two major clusters, `Prunophora and Amygdalus group' and `Cerasus group' were constructed in the phenogram. We revealthat the examined 4 species of subg. Lithocerasus species; P.tomentosa Thunb., P. japonica Thunb., P. glandulosa Thunb.and P. besseyi Bailey, were genetically closer to the members ofsubgenera Prunophora and Amygdalus than to subg. Cerasus.  相似文献   

Theoretical studies on the methodological procedures of radiation breeding     

Yoshio Yoshida 《Euphytica》1964,13(1):65-74

If the expectation of the number of desirable mutants for equal size of X ₂-populations decreases with decreasing number of plants per X ₂-line, the one-plant-one-grain method (method C), the one-plant-two-grain method (method D), and the one-plant-three-grain method (method E), especially method C, would be disadvantageous in comparison with the improved ear-to-row method (method B) and the conventional ear-to-row method (method A).From theoretical considerations it can be shown that a probability of occurrence of an X ₂-line containing desirable mutant (p ₁) and a conditional probability of occurrence of such desirable mutant for each one of the plants in such an X ₂-line (p ₂) are not affected by the number of X ₂-lines (m), but by the number of plants per X ₂-line (n). Consequently, the expectation of the number of desirable mutants in an X ₂-population, E(I), can be given by E(I) = mp ₁(1– q ₂ n · n p ₂/(1 –q ₂ n) = mn p ₁ p ₂ where p ₁+q ₁=1 and p ₂+q ₂=1.Therefore, with respect to E(I), method A=B=C=D=E for equal size of X ₂-populations. However, method ABE>D>C for different sizes of X ₂-populations.Most of this work was carried out in the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Hiratsuka, Japan.  相似文献   

The electrofocusing composition of the Large and Small Sub-unit polypeptides of Fraction-1-Protein in rice x wheat and rice x sorghum hybrids     

N. K. Srivastava  S. Yoshida 《Euphytica》1990,48(3):219-224

Summary The polypeptide composition of Fraction-1-Protein (F1P) from rice × sorghum, rice × wheat hybrids and their respective parents have been analyzed by a microelectrofocusing method. The large sub-unit (LSU) is composed of three polypeptides and the small sub-unit (SSU) of two polypeptides in rice and sorghum parents and rice × sorghum hybrids. Similarly, LSU is composed of three polypeptides in the rice and wheat parents and rice × wheat hybrids. Two polypeptides occur in the SSU of rice parent and rice × wheat hybrids where as only one polypeptide in the wheat parent. These polypeptides also differ in their isoelectric points. Based on the previous reports of F1P inheritance in hybrids in other crops, F1P analysis of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids does not seem to be an important marker to identify such intergeneric hybrids. Since this is first such report of F1P inheritance in hybrids between distantly related plants, its implication in different modes of inheritance are discussed.Abbreviations F1P Fraction-1-Protein - IEF Isoelectric focusing - pI Isoelectric points - LSU Large sub-unit - RuBPCase Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase-oxygenase - SSU Small sub-unit  相似文献   

Analysis of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium derivatives with BYDV-resistance     

Zhi-Shan Lin  Zhi-Fu Cui  Xiang-Yan Zeng  You-Zhi Ma  Zeng-Yan Zhang  Toshiki Nakamura  Goro Ishikawa  Kazuhiro Nakamura  Hisashi Yoshida  Zhi-Yong Xin 《Euphytica》2007,158(1-2):109-118

Chromosome compositions of seven lines, derived from hybrids between a wheat cultivar and the wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium addition line Z6, with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance, were determined by genomic in situ hybridization, cytogenetic and SSR assays. The results showed that line N522 was a disomic addition line, lines N420 and N439 were 2Ai-2(2B) chromosome substitution lines, lines N431 and N452 were 2Ai-2(2D) chromosome substitution lines, line N523 was a 2Ai-2S(2D) ditelosomic substitution line, and line N530 was a double ditelosomic line with the mitotic chromosome number of 2n = 40 + 4t. One pair of telosomes in line N530 lacked several proximal SSR markers of chromosome 2AS, but possessed certain terminal markers, which were consistent with an acrocentric structure, and the other pair of chromosome arms were presumably 2Ai-2S telosomes with BYDV-resistance. These wheat-Th. intermedium lines provide useful genetic resources for developing alien chromosome translocation lines.  相似文献   

Antitumor activity of compounds isolated from leaves of Eriobotrya japonica   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ito H  Kobayashi E  Li SH  Hatano T  Sugita D  Kubo N  Shimura S  Itoh Y  Tokuda H  Nishino H  Yoshida T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(8):2400-2403

In a search for possible antitumor agents from natural sources, megastigmane glycosides and polyphenolic constituents isolated from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica (Rosaceae) were found to inhibit the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced activation of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen in Raji cells. Roseoside and procyanidin B-2 were among the active compounds found in an in vitro assay; these compounds were further assessed for antitumor activity in vivo in a two-stage carcinogenesis assay on mouse skin. Roseoside significantly delayed carcinogenesis induced by peroxynitrite (initiator) and TPA (promoter), and its potency was comparable to that of a green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, in the same assay.  相似文献   

Importance of rubberwood in wood export of Malaysia and Thailand     

Akira Shigematsu  Nobuya Mizoue  Tsuyoshi Kajisa  Shigejiro Yoshida 《New Forests》2011,41(2):179-189

We examined the contribution of rubberwood to the timber export markets of Malaysia and Thailand. In Malaysia, rubberwood has grown from 26% of total exported wood products in 1998 to 35% in 2007. A high proportion of furniture products (80%) is rubberwood, whereas the contribution of rubberwood to other wooden products is less than 20%. Only 10% of sawn timber and logs is rubberwood. In Thailand, rubberwood contributes to around 60% of total exported wood products, arising from a high share of not only furniture products (70%) but also other wood products (around 50%) and sawn timber and logs, which have increased in share from 40% in 1998 to 79% in 2007. We conclude that the high proportion of rubberwood products in the wood export markets of these two countries is a result of: (1) scarcity of raw wood materials because of strict controls on the logging of natural forests; and (2) governmental support to rubberwood production, including financial support to rubber planters and technical assistance to downstream timber processors.  相似文献   

Estimation of rubberwood production in Cambodia     

Akira Shigematsu  Nobuya Mizoue  Kumiko Ide  Kakada Khun  Muthavy Pheng  Shigejiro Yoshida  Katsuhisa Kohroki  Noriko Sato 《New Forests》2011,42(2):149-162

We estimated the production of rubberwood from 1996 to 2011 in Cambodia. We employed data from interview surveys with three rubberwood processing companies and statistics from estate rubber plantations and wood retailing companies. The result was that the end use of rubberwood in Cambodia was the sawntimber products, being exported to Vietnam and China. The yield rate from rubberwood stumpage into sawn timber was between 11.6 and 14.9%, closely matching the rates of Malaysia and Thailand. The average production of rubberwood roundwood from 1996 to 2011 was 254,697 m³/year, of which sawn timber as well as residuals in secondary processing was 84,559 and 170,138 m³/year, respectively. Although the timber production of Cambodia has declined sharply due to the strict restriction of natural forest logging, rubberwood could explain more than 60% of the domestic industrial roundwood production from 2000. We suggest the necessity of monitoring the expansion of rubber plantations in new rubber producing countries and linking the rubberwood production with the regional wood resource management.  相似文献   

2-fluoroabscisic acid analogues: their synthesis and biological activities     

Kim BT  Min YK  Asami T  Park NK  Kwon OY  Cho KY  Yoshida S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(1):313-317

Fluorine was introduced into the 2-position of the side chain of abscisic acid (ABA) analogues by Wittig reaction of alpha-ionone derivatives with ethyl triethylphosphono-2-fluoroacetate. The effects of the fluorinated analogues were evaluated on inhibition of cress seed germination and inhibition of gibberellin-inducible alpha-amylase induction in embryoless barley half-seeds. (2E, 4E)-2-Fluoro-5-(1'-hydroxy-2',6', 6'-trimethyl-2'-cyclohexen-1'-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid (5b) showed potent inhibitory activity at the same level as ABA in the cress seed germination test, and 5b also inhibited gibberellin-inducible alpha-amylase induction at 4 x 10(-)(6), 3 times the concentration of ABA (1 x 10(-)(6)) for 50% inhibition of alpha-amylase production. 5b also showed dehydrin induction activity. These results indicate that fluorinated ABA analogues mimic ABA action and can be a lead for a plant growth regulator which regulates plant growth or protects plants from environmental stresses.  相似文献   

Displacement above the hypocenter of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Sato M  Ishikawa T  Ujihara N  Yoshida S  Fujita M  Mochizuki M  Asada A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6036):1395

The moment magnitude (M(w)) = 9.0 2011 Tohoku-Oki mega-thrust earthquake occurred off the coast of northeastern Japan. Combining Global Positioning System (GPS) and acoustic data, we detected very large sea-floor movements associated with this event directly above the focal region. An area with more than 20 meters of horizontal displacement, that is, four times larger than those detected on land, stretches several tens of kilometers long along the trench; the largest amount reaches about 24 meters toward east-southeast just above the hypocenter. Furthermore, nearly 3 meters of vertical uplift occurred, contrary to observed terrestrial subsidence.  相似文献   

Athens variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase     

Stamatoyannopoulos G  Yoshida A  Bacopoulos C  Motulksy AG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,157(3790):831-833

A variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), characterized by slower than normal electrophoretic migration and associated with mild deficiency of G6PD in the red cells, was detected in two unrelated Greek males. Electrophoretic, chromatographic, and enzymologic study indicated that the new mutant is structurally different from normal G6PD (B+) and from the Mediterranean variant associated with red-cell enzyme deficiency (B-). Convincing electrophoretic separation of the new variant from the normal B+ and the Mediterranean B- enzymes was achieved only by detailed electrophoretic study in different buffer systems and conditions.  相似文献