Neotropical mustelids: fecal metabolome diversity and its potential for taxonomic discrimination     

Lana Resende de ALMEIDA  Marina Amaral ALVES  Ana Maria Obino MASTELLA  Rafael GARRETT  Maria João Ramos PEREIRA 《Integrative zoology》2023,18(3):518-529

Chemical profiles of non-invasive biological material, such as feces, have great potential to study elusive animals or those with low population densities. Here, we use a metabolomic approach to evaluate Neotropical mustelids as a biological model to describe the diversity of the metabolites present in fecal samples, as well as to evaluate the potential of chemical profiles for taxonomic discrimination. We collected fecal samples from captive individuals of 5 species of mustelids occurring in Brazil and analyzed them by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Over 200 compounds have been annotated; “bile acids, alcohols and derivatives” was the most expressive class in the metabolome of all the species. We successfully discriminated 3 taxonomic groups: 1—tayra (Eira barbara); 2—otters (Lontra longicaudis and Pteronura brasiliensis; 1); and 3—grisons (Galictis vittata and Galictis cuja). Several compounds seemed to be associated with food intake and the digestive process, while others were found for the first time in Neotropical mustelids. We concluded that mustelids show high metabolome diversity and that species-specific identification through metabolomic profiles is possible, thus contributing to the development and implementation of additional non-invasive approaches in the study of mustelids.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variations in leaf area index, specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen of two co-occurring savanna tree species     

Simioni G  Gignoux J  Le Roux X  Appé R  Benest D 《Tree physiology》2004,24(2):205-216

Foliage growth, mass- and area-based leaf nitrogen concentrations (Nm and N a) and specific leaf area (SLA) were surveyed during a complete vegetation cycle for two co-occurring savanna tree species: Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel. ex G. Don) Benth. and Cussonia arborea A. Rich. The study was conducted in the natural reserve of Lamto, Ivory Coast, on isolated and clumped trees. Leaf flush occurred before the beginning of the rainy season. Maximum leaf area index (LAI), computed on a projected canopy basis for individual trees, was similar (mean of about 4) for both species. Seasonal courses of the ratio of actual to maximum LAI were similar for individuals of the same species, but differed between species. For C. febrifuga, clumped trees reached their maximum LAI before isolated trees. The LAI of C. arborea trees did not differ between clumped and isolated individuals, but maximum LAI was reached about 2 months later than for C. febrifuga. Leaf fall was associated with decreasing soil water content for C. arborea. For C. febrifuga, leaf fall started before the end of the rainy period and was independent of changes in soil water content. These features lead to a partial niche separation in time for light resource acquisition between the two species. Although Nm, N a and SLA decreased with time, SLA and N a decreased later in the vegetation cycle for C. arborea than for C. febrifuga. For both species, N a decreased and SLA increased with decreasing leaf irradiance within the canopy, although effects of light on leaf characteristics did not differ between isolated and clumped trees. Given relationships between N a and photosynthetic capacities previously reported for these species, our results show that C. arborea exhibits higher photosynthetic capacity than C. febrifuga during most of the vegetation cycle and at all irradiances.  相似文献   

Influence of Cultivar and Environmental Conditions on the Triacylglycerol Profile of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)     

Amaral JS  Cunha SC  Santos A  Alves MR  Seabra RM  Oliveira BP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(2):449-456

The oil of several hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) samples was extracted and evaluated for their triacylglycerol (TAG) composition. Trials were conducted in two Portuguese localities (Vila Real and Felgueiras) during three consecutive years and involved a total of 19 cultivars. The samples were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection. Sample preparation was fast and simple, consisting only of the dissolution of the oil in acetone, homogenization, and filtration, allowing this technique to be suitable for routine analyses. All samples presented a similar qualitative profile composed of eleven compounds: LLL, OLL, PLL, OOL, POL, PPL, OOO, POO, PPO, SOO and PSO (P, palmitoyl; S, stearoyl; O, oleoyl; and L, linoleoyl). The main components were OOO, LOO, and POO, reflecting the high content of oleic acid in hazelnut oils. A total of 79 different samples were studied, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. Significant differences were verified in canonical variate plots when cultivars were grouped by country of origin. In general, the American cultivars were richer in TAGs with saturated fatty acids moieties, and the group of French, German, and English cultivars was richer in TAGs containing linoleic acid moieties. Differences were also significant when cultivars were grouped by year of production, showing that besides genetic factors, the TAG composition can be influenced by environmental factors.  相似文献   

Replication initiative: dangerous logic     

Amaral OB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6083):801

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Effect of rutin and chloroquine on White Leghorn chickens infected with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plasmodium (Bennettinia) juxtanucleare</Emphasis>     

P. Silveira  U. Vashist  A. Cabral  K. B. Amaral  G. L. G. Soares  M. Dagosto 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1319-1323

Plasmodium juxtanucleare is one of the agents that cause avian malaria in chickens and little is known about the treatment of the infection. The aim of this study was to compare the antimalarial activities of rutin and chloroquine in chickens infected with P. juxtanucleare after immunossuppression with corticosteroid. Antimalarial activity was verified in 33 fowls by evaluation of parasitemia levels in Giemsa-stained blood smears taken to 30 days. Rutin did not exert a reduction in parasitemia from P. juxtanucleare when compared to chloroquine treatment that kept the parasites at a low level, demonstrating its antimalarial effect. During the course of the infection, the trophozoite stage predominated (80%), followed by schizont (17%) and gametocyte (3%). Maximum parasitemia levels were recorded on day 12 in control and rutin groups. There were no significant differences in the hematocrit values, weight body or the temperature of the fowls among the groups evaluated (p > 0.05).  相似文献   

Growth rate and age at boar exposure as factors influencing gilt puberty     

W.S. Amaral Filha  M.L. Bernardi  I. Wentz  F.P. Bortolozzo 《Livestock Science》2009,120(1-2):51-57

The objective of this study was to verify whether pubertal estrus could be influenced by the growth rate and age of gilts at the onset of boar exposure. Gilts (n = 1486) were evaluated according to two groups of age at boar exposure (A = 130-149 d and B = 150-170 d) and three classes of growth rate (Low = 550–649 g/d; Intermediate = 650–725 g/d and High = 726–830 g/d). Gilts of groups A and B were, respectively, 142.6 ± 4.9 and 157.0 ± 5.1 days of age at the onset of boar exposure. Overall, 85% of gilts showed estrus within 40 days of boar exposure. Within group A gilts a higher (P < 0.05) cumulative percentage of estrus within 20 days of stimulation was observed in High than in Intermediate and Low growth rate gilts (59.7% vs. 48.7% vs. 48.2%; P < 0.05). Nevertheless, within group B there was no difference in the percentage of estrus among growth rate classes (63.8% vs. 67.3% vs. 63.7%, P > 0.05). Within group A, puberty was attained earlier in High than in Low growth rate gilts (159.6 vs. 164.8 days). However, age at puberty was not affected by growth rate, when gilts were exposed to boar in an older age (group B). Overall, age at puberty was positively associated with the age at the onset of boar exposure (r = 0.38; P < 0.0001) and the older the gilts were at boar exposure the lower was the interval (r = - 0.19; P < 0.0001) from stimulation to onset of puberty. In conclusion, successful stimulation of puberty can be obtained through an earlier exposure to boars in high growth rate gilts.  相似文献   

Parasitic encephalitis caused by Stephanurus dentatus in a pig in Brazil     

Robert G. S. Prado  Chris H. Gardiner  Mrcio A. O. Moura  Gerson B. E. Gonzalez  Marcos D. Duarte  Tiago F. S. Santos  Pedro S. Bezerra  Valíria D. Cerqueira  Alessandra S. Amaral  Gabriela Riet-Correa 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(5):949

A pig was in left lateral recumbency with limb spasticity, accentuated prostration, and strabismus, and was euthanized. During autopsy, yellowing of the leptomeninges at the ventral pons to medulla oblongata was noted. In the cerebellar peduncles, there was a focally extensive black-to-yellow area at the level of the vestibular nuclei. Histologic examination revealed a cross-section of a nematode larva, consistent with Stephanurus dentatus, bordered by edema and marked infiltration of mononuclear cells, plasma cells, and a few eosinophils. Vacuolation of the neuropil, with rare gitter cells and axonal spheroids, was also observed. We diagnosed parasitic encephalitis caused by S. dentatus migration based on the pathology findings and characterization of the parasite.  相似文献   

Essential oils for preventative treatment and control of Asian soybean rust     

André Costa da Silva  Paulo Estev?o de Souza  José Eduardo Brasil Pereira Pinto  Bruno Marques da Silva  Douglas Carvalho Amaral  Eudes de Arruda Carvalho 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(4):865-871

The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of essential oils as a preventive treatment to control Asian soybean rust. Initially the fungitoxic effect of the essential oils of Hyptis marrubioides, Aloysia gratissima and Cordia verbenacea was tested on the urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, through in vitro tests. The in vivo test was set up in a greenhouse, using cultivar MGBR-46. The treatments consisted of the three oils at different concentrations, a fungicide based on pyraclostrobin + epoxyconazole and a control. To verify the potential of the essential oils in preventive treatment, inoculation was conducted at 0, 6, 12 and 24?h intervals, after application of the treatments. All treatments inhibited 100% of Phakopsora pachyrhizi germination. In the in vivo test, it was observed that all of the oils were efficient in controlling soybean rust, by preventive treatment, mainly at the higher concentrations. Efficiency of the oils was reduced with the increase of the interval between the application of the treatments and the onset of the pathogen. The essential oils, at the tested dosages, were not as efficient as the pyraclostrobin + epoxyconazole based fungicide.  相似文献   

Selection and characterization of the inheritance of resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to chlorantraniliprole and cross‐resistance to other diamide insecticides     

Anderson Bolzan  Fernando EO Padovez  Antonio RB Nascimento  Ingrid S Kaiser  Ewerton C Lira  Fernando SA Amaral  Rubens H Kanno  Jos B Malaquias  Celso Omoto 《Pest management science》2019,75(10):2682-2689

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Erratum to: Simultaneous estimation as alternative to independent modeling of tree biomass     

Carlos Roberto Sanquetta  Alexandre Behling  Ana Paula Dalla Corte  Sylvio Péllico Netto  Ana Beatriz Schikowski  Maurício Koubay do Amaral 《Annals of Forest Science》2015,72(8):1113-1113

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