Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from commercial broilers in northeastern Georgia     

White DG  Ayers S  Maurer JJ  Thayer SG  Hofacre C 《Avian diseases》2003,47(1):203-210

Staphylococcus aureus is an important opportunist that can cause superficial to life-threatening illnesses in a variety of animal species. In poultry, this organism has been implicated in osteomyelitis, synovitis, and cellulitis. Whereas most infections can be treated with antibiotics, because of the organism's propensity to acquire antimicrobial resistance, it is important to continually monitor antibiotic susceptibilities of clinical isolates. We surveyed 77 clinical poultry S. aureus isolates, collected from 1998 to 2000, for susceptibilities to a panel of 18 antimicrobial agents. Thirty-six percent of isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics. Forty-three and 16% of avian S. aureus were resistant to one and two antibiotics respectively. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were commonly resistant to tetracycline (40%; minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC]90 > 32 microg/ml), lincomycin (19%; MIC90 > 32 microg/ml), erythromycin (12%; MIC90 > 8 microg/ml), and kanamycin (8%; MIC90 < 128 microg/ml). All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, streptomycin, nitrofurantion, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, vancomycin, and the production antimicrobials virginiamycin, salinomycin, and flavomycin. A periodic assessment of antimicrobial susceptibilities of important avian pathogens like S. aureus will be important in helping the clinician's choice of antibiotic to control infection.  相似文献   

DNA fingerprinting of plasmid-containing serotype A: 3,4 Pasteurella multocida isolated from cases of fowl cholera in chickens and turkeys     

Lee MD  Burch FT  Maurer JJ  Henk A  Thayer S 《Avian diseases》2000,44(1):201-204

The live, attenuated vaccine strains of Pasteurella multocida have been hypothesized to be responsible for homologous serotype outbreaks of fowl cholera on farms that use the commercial vaccines. We have further hypothesized that the naturally occurring Clemson University (CU) vaccine strain may be transformed to virulence by the acquisition of plasmid DNA. To test this hypothesis, we obtained seven homologous serotype (A:3,4) P. multocida isolates, all plasmid bearing, that were cultured from fowl cholera cases in vaccinated flocks and compared the isolates with the CU reference vaccine by molecular methods. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were detected by DNA/DNA hybridization with labeled probes specific for the cya, aroA, and rrn genes of P. multocida. The RFLPs obtained from BglII-digested genomic DNA probed with cya demonstrated no differences among the isolates. Although three isolates probed with aroA showed a RFLP identical to the vaccine strain, five isolates were distinctly different. Isolates probed with rrn grouped into three different restriction patterns that were dissimilar from that of the vaccine strain. Therefore, we have shown that these fowl cholera isolates are different from the CU vaccine strain and that these outbreaks were not vaccine related.  相似文献   

Insecticidal potential of extracts,fractions, and molecules of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall ex. Royle against aphid Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae)     

Sandeep Kumar  Anmol  Upendra Sharma  SG Eswara Reddy 《Pest management science》2023,79(4):1538-1546

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Katy Keiffer: What’s the matter with meat?     

Rachel Thayer Boothby 《Agriculture and Human Values》2018,35(4):913-914

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THE END OF CORY'S SHEARWATER     

Thayer GH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1915,42(1079):308-310

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Gut reactions of radioactive nitrite after intratracheal administration in mice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J R Thayer  J H Chasko  L A Swartz  N J Parks 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,217(4555):151-153

Intratracheal administration to mice of radioactive nitrite labeled with nitrogen-13 (13NO2-) (half-life, 9.96 minutes) in dosages that do not cause pharmacological perturbation reveals that oxidative and reductive reactions occur in different organs. Oxidation of 13NO2- to radioactive nitrate (13NO3-) predominates in the blood and liver. Reduction of 13NO2- occurs in those mice that harbor intestinal microflora; this reduction does not occur in germ-free mice. The intestinal reduction products include ammonium, glutamate, glutamine, and urea. With a detection limit of about 0.01 percent of the instilled nitrogen-13, no labeled nitrosamines were detected within 30 minutes. Reduced nitrogen-13 is transported out of the intensive into the circulatory system and appears in the urine along with 13NO3-. The biological half-period for 13NO2- destruction is about 7 minutes, and both oxidation and reduction products are formed.  相似文献   

VITAMIN K     

Doisy EA  Binkley SB  Thayer SA  McKee RW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1940,91(2351):58-62

During the decade following Dam's first observations on the hemorrhagic syndrome the combined efforts of several groups of investigators have solved many of the important problems connected with the new vitamin. Sources of vitamin K were discovered, methods of extraction and purification devised, the isolation effected, the structure of K(1) worked out and then verified by synthesis, and a promising start made on the therapeutic applications. In addition, simple water soluble compounds with antihemorrhagic properties have been supplied for clinical work. Preliminary results with these compounds are encouraging.  相似文献   

Differential Rotation and Dynamics of the Solar Interior     

MJ Thompson  J Toomre  ER Anderson  HM Antia  G Berthomieu  D Burtonclay  SM Chitre  J Christensen-Dalsgaard  T Corbard  M DeRosa  CR Genovese  DO Gough  DA Haber  JW Harvey  F Hill  R Howe  SG Korzennik  AG Kosovichev  JW Leibacher  FP Pijpers  J Provost  EJ Rhodes  J Schou  T Sekii  PB Stark  PR Wilson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5266):1300-1305

Splitting of the sun's global oscillation frequencies by large-scale flows can be used to investigate how rotation varies with radius and latitude within the solar interior. The nearly uninterrupted observations by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) yield oscillation power spectra with high duty cycles and high signal-to-noise ratios. Frequency splittings derived from GONG observations confirm that the variation of rotation rate with latitude seen at the surface carries through much of the convection zone, at the base of which is an adjustment layer leading to latitudinally independent rotation at greater depths. A distinctive shear layer just below the surface is discernible at low to mid-latitudes.  相似文献   

Role of Sperm Velocity Variables Associated with Poultry Breed in ‘Last Male Precedence’     

J Santiago‐Moreno  C Castaño  A Toledano‐Díaz  MC Esteso  A López‐Sebastián  SG Dávila  JL Campo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(1):134-139

It is well known that when a hen mates with multiple roosters, it is the sperm of the last male that usually fertilizes most of the eggs (‘last male precedence’). Sperm quality varies between males within a breed, but also between breeds, and thus, sperm competitiveness after mating may depend on the breeds of the roosters involved. The aim of the present work was to identify differences in sperm competitiveness between breeds, especially with respect to motility. A multibreed mating model was used. Blue Andaluza (BA) and Black Castellana (BC) hens left for 21 days with BA and BC roosters, respectively, were then left with Black‐barred Andaluza (Bb) roosters for another 21 days (experimental groups hBA‐rBC‐rBb and hBC‐rBA‐rBb). Bb roosters (as the second breed replacing the first) fertilized the majority of eggs in both the hBC‐rBA‐rBb and hBA‐rBC‐rBb groups. The percentage of offspring sired by BA roosters (8.0%) was higher (p < 0.05) than the percentage of chicks sired by BC roosters (2.1%). The fertility of the BC hens in the hBC‐rBA‐rBb group was higher (p < 0.01) than that of the BA hens in the hBA‐rBC‐rBb group. No difference in sperm concentration was seen between the breeds. Within the rapid sperm subpopulation (sperm velocity, >50 μm/s), Bb sperm showed a higher straight‐line velocity (VSL) and average path velocity (VAP) (p < 0.05) than BC sperm. The VSL and VAP values for Bb and BA sperm were similar. In conclusion, the present results show that the sperm of the BA breed, traditionally regarded as of moderate fertility, compensates for this drawback via sperm movement characteristics that afford it an advantage in competition scenarios involving males of other breeds. The VSL and VAP of the rapid sperm subpopulation may play the most important role in securing last male precedence.  相似文献   

2001 Report of the American Association of Feline Practitioners and Academy of Feline Medicine Advisory Panel on feline retrovirus testing and management     

Levy J  Richards J  Edwards D  Elston T  Hartmann K  Rodan I  Thayer V  Tompkins M  Wolf A;American Association of Feline Practitioners;Academy of Feline Medicine Advisory Panel 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2003,5(1):3-10

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