Three-year duration of immunity in cats following vaccination against feline rhinotracheitis virus, feline calicivirus, and feline panleukopenia virus     

Gore TC  Lakshmanan N  Williams JR  Jirjis FF  Chester ST  Duncan KL  Coyne MJ  Lum MA  Sterner FJ 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2006,7(3):213-222

Forty-two seronegative cats received an initial vaccination at 8 weeks of age and a booster vaccination at 12 weeks. All cats were kept in strict isolation for 3 years after the second vaccination and then were challenged with feline calicivirus (FCV) or sequentially challenged with feline rhinotracheitis virus (FRV) followed by feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). For each viral challenge, a separate group of 10 age-matched, nonvaccinated control cats was also challenged. Vaccinated cats showed a statistically significant reduction in virulent FRV-associated clinical signs (P = .015), 100% protection against oral ulcerations associated with FCV infection (P < .001), and 100% protection against disease associated with virulent FPV challenge (P < .005). These results demonstrated that the vaccine provided protection against virulent FRV, FCV, and FPV challenge in cats 8 weeks of age or older for a minimum of 3 years following second vaccination.  相似文献   

Low-Temperature Tolerance of Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma: Effect of Salinity   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Winthrop E.  Taylor  Joseph R.  Tomasso  Jr.  Christopher J.  Kempton Theodore I. J.  Smith 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2000,31(1):69-72

Abstract.— Two studies were conducted to examine the influence of salinity on low-temperature tolerance of southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma . Juveniles (3.4 g ± 1.2 g in study one; 32.8 g ± 34.8 g in study two) were acclimated to 20 C at salinities of 1, S, 10, 20 and 30% o in study one and 1, 10 and 30% o in study two. Temperature was then decreased approximately 1 C per day to a nominal 4 C and 2 C, in studies one and two. respectively. Fish were subjected to the low temperatures for 10 d and then returned to the initial temperature (20 C) at a rate of approximately 1 C per day. Mortality ranged from 0 to 10% in study one and from 30 to 100% in study two and was significantly affected by salinity. Results of this research suggest that the chronic low-level tolerance limit is between 2 and 4 C and that increased salinity offers some mitigating effect.  相似文献   

Glycoalkaloids in potato tubers grown under controlled environments     

Anadi Nitithamyong  Joachim H. Vonelbe  Raymond M. Wheeler  Theodore W. Tibbitts 《American Journal of Potato Research》1999,76(6):337-343

Tuber content of α-solanine, α-chaconine, and total glycoalkaloids (TGA) was determined for the potato cultivars, Norland, Russet Burbank, and Denali grown under different environmental conditions in growth chambers. The lowest TGA concentrations (0.30 to 0.35 mg g¹ dry tissue) were found in the cv. Norland with 400 μnol m^-2 s^-1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), 12 h day length, 16 C temperature, and 350 μmol mol^-1 carbon dioxide. The ratio of α-chaconine to α-solanine was close to 60:40 under all growing conditions, except that it was 50:50 under the low temperature of 12 C. Cultivars responded similarly to environmental conditions although TGA was about 20% greater in cv. Russet Burbank and about 30% greater in Denali compared to Norland. The largest changes in TGA occurred with changes in temperature. In comparison to 16 C, TGA were 40% greater at 12 C, 80% greater at 20 C, and 125% greater at 24 C (0.70 mgg ^-1 dry weight). The TGA concentratation increased from 10 to 25% with an increase in light from 400 to 800 μmol m^-2 s^-1 PPF for all three cultivars. TGA increased 20% with extension of the day length from 12 to 24 hr and also increased 20% when carbon dioxide was increased from 350 to 1000 umol mol^-1. TGA concentrations were not influenced by changes in relative humidity from 50 to 80%. TGA concentrations decreased only slightly in harvests made from 9 to 21 weeks after planting. Variations in TGA among the different growing conditions and cultivars were below 20 mg/100 g fresh weight (= 1.0 mg g^-1 dry weight) recognized as the upper concentration for food safety. However the results suggest that TGA should be considered when potatoes are grown at temperatures above 20 C.  相似文献   

Maize lethal necrosis viruses and other maize viruses in Rwanda     

Theodore Asiimwe  Lucy R. Stewart  Kristen Willie  Deogracious P. Massawe  Jovia Kamatenesi  Margaret G. Redinbaugh 《Plant pathology》2020,69(3):585-597

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Adsorption,desorption and persistence of fomesafen in soil     

Xiao Li  Timothy Grey  Katilyn Price  William Vencill  Theodore Webster 《Pest management science》2019,75(1):270-278

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Erratum to: Perennial wheat lines have highly admixed population structure and elevated rates of outcrossing     

J. Piaskowski  Kevin Murphy  Theodore Kisha  Stephen Jones 《Euphytica》2017,213(9):209

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Observations on salinity tolerance and osmoregulation in laboratory-reared Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae (Crustacea: Caridea)     

Paul A. Sandifer  John S. Hopkins  Theodore I.J. Smith 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1975,6(2):103-114

The tolerance of postlarval Macrobrachium rosenbergii to gradual and rapid increases in salinity was determined. Mortalities occurred at salinities around 25‰ and increased rapidly at levels ≥30‰ in both cases. However, acclimation substantially increased survival time at 35‰.Freezing point depressions of blood were measured from laboratory-reared M. rosenbergii postlarvae and juveniles exposed to various salinities from fresh water to approximately 35‰. The blood concentration was hyperosmotic to the medium at salinities from fresh water to about 17–18‰ and hypoosmotic at higher salinities. Postlarvae maintained a nearly constant blood concentration (freezing point depression = ?0.89 ± 0.13°C) over a wide range of external salinities (fresh water to about 27–30‰). The animals' osmoregulatory mechanisms failed at salinities ≥30‰, and thereafter the blood concentration paralleled that of the medium. The blood concentrations of juvenile shrimp grown for 5 months at salinities from fresh water to about 15‰ (freezing point depression = ?0.88 ± 0.07°C) closely resembled those of postlarvae.The osmoregulatory performance of young M. rosenbergii is generally similar to that of other brackishwater animals, but in their ability to hyperosmoregulate effectively in fresh water they more closely resemble fresh water species. It is suggested that M. rosenbergii may be able to conserve salt in dilute media by producing blood-hypoosmotic urine.An interesting stress symptom often preceded death of postlarvae in high salinities. The animals changed gradually from nearly transparent to opaque white and then died, usually within a day or so.  相似文献