Hemorrhagic diathesis, mesenteric hematoma, and colic associated with ingestion of sweet vernal grass in a cow     

Bartol JM  Thompson LJ  Minnier SM  Divers TJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2000,216(10):1605-8, 1569-70

A 4-year-old Holstein cow from a farm where 2 cows had recently died suddenly was referred for evaluation of acute severe colic. Right flank laparotomy revealed a large mesenteric hematoma. Within 14 layer chromatographic analyses of the moldy hay and blood from the necropsied cow and the hospitalized cow were positive for dicumarol. A diagnosis of sweet vernal poisoning was confirmed on the basis of clinical and toxicologic findings. The cow was treated with supportive therapy, blood transfusions, and vitamin K1 and recovered without complications. Because sweet vernal grass is becoming common in certain areas and the use of round bales is commonplace, practitioners should be aware of the potential for this toxicosis.  相似文献   

Site of administration and duration of feeding oleamide to cattle on feed intake and ruminal fatty acid concentrations     

Jenkins TC  Thompson CE  Bridges WC 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(10):2745-2753

Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of oleamide on feed intake and ruminal fatty acids when the oleamide was introduced in the feed vs through a ruminal fistula (Exp. 1) or the oleamide was fed for an extended (9-wk) length of time (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, four nonlactating Holstein cows, each fitted with a ruminal cannula, were fed four diets in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Each period lasted 2 wk. Diets consisted of 48% corn silage and 52% concentrate on a DM basis. One diet contained no added fat (control) and a second diet contained 4.2% oleic acid. The remaining two diets were designed to expose cows to 4.2% amide (as oleamide) either through the feed (AF) or by administering oleamide into the rumen (AR) each day through the ruminal cannula. The AF diet reduced DMI similarly to results reported previously for lactating dairy cows and sheep. Intake of the oleic acid diet was intermediate between the control and AF diets. Dry matter intake was reduced by AR similarly to the AF diet. The acetate:propionate ratio in samples of ruminal contents was reduced by oleic acid but not by AF or AR. In Exp. 2, 12 steers were divided into three equal groups of two Angus and two Simmental x Angus crosses, and each group was assigned a diet containing either no added fat (control), 4% oleamide, or 4% high-oleic canola oil. All steers had ad libitum access to feed and water. Dry matter intake by steers fed the canola oil diet was not different from that by steers fed the control diet when averaged over the first 3 wk, the last 3 wk, or over the entire 9-wk study. Oleamide reduced DMI 4 kg/d over the first 3 wk of the study. However, DMI of the oleamide diet consistently increased over the 9-wk study, resulting in wk 7 to 9 DMI that was not different from that of steers fed the control diet. These results show that the reduction in feed intake when oleamide is added to cattle rations can be attributed more to physiological responses than to an undesirable unique taste or odor of the oleamide. In finishing beef steers, the decreased intake induced by oleamide was most severe during the first 1 or 2 wk of feeding but gradually lessened over time until it nearly returned to normal by wk 9.  相似文献   

Diagnostic features, confirmation and disease progression in 28 cases of lethal acrodermatitis of bull terriers     

McEwan NA  McNeil PE  Thompson H  McCandlish IA 《The Journal of small animal practice》2000,41(11):501-507

Lethal acrodermatitis (LAD) is a genetically determined metabolic disease of bull terriers first described in the USA in the 1980s. In this study, the largest so far reported, 28 bull terriers born in the UK were diagnosed as suffering from LAD, and the clinical findings and the progression of the disease with time are described. The main characteristics of LAD are stunting, splayed digits, eating difficulties, skin disease of the face and feet, and increased susceptibility to microbial infections. In older dogs, paronychia, nail disease and hyperkeratosis of the footpads develops, becoming severe in dogs over six months of age. A diagnosis of LAD can be strongly suspected in any bull terrier showing a combination of the aforementioned signs from an early age. Dermatohistopathological demonstration of marked parakeratotic hyperkeratosis is strongly supportive of the diagnosis of LAD and, in association with the typical clinical findings, is sufficient to confirm a diagnosis. Although many of the clinical signs and the pathology of this condition suggest zinc deficiency, the measurement of blood zinc levels as a diagnostic aid is of limited value.  相似文献   

Splenic mast cell tumour and mastocytaemia in a cat: case study and literature review     

Allan R  Halsey TR  Thompson KG 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2000,48(4):117-121

CASE: An 11-year-old female domestic shorthaired cat presenting with clinical signs of depression, anorexia, weight loss, fever, anaemia and a mid-abdominal mass was referred for abdominal ultrasound examination. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Ultrasonography of the abdomen identified a markedly enlarged spleen. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the spleen revealed a uniform population of mast cells, 11% of which were observed to have phagocytosed erythrocytes. It is speculated that this may have been a contributing factor in the development of anaemia in this case. Mast cells were detected in a peripheral-blood smear and a diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis (splenic mast cell tumour together with mastocytaemia) was made. This diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by histopathology of the spleen. CONCLUSION: Splenectomy and treatment with corticosteroids appears to have resulted in remission of clinical signs and anaemia. A reduction in the concentration of mast cells in the peripheral blood had not occurred 6 weeks postsplenectomy, but was evident by 10 months post-splenectomy.  相似文献   

Prevalence and genotypic characterisation of Giardia in dairy calves from Western Australia and Western Canada   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

O'Handley RM  Olson ME  Fraser D  Adams P  Thompson RC 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,90(3):193-200

In this study, the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis infections was determined in Western Canadian and Western Australian dairy calves. Faecal samples were collected from Holstein calves located on a commercial dairy near Lethbridge, Alta., Canada (N=28) and from calves located on two commercial dairies located near Perth, WA, Australia (N=36). Faecal samples were examined for the presence of Giardia cysts using sucrose gradient centrifugation, followed by immunofluoresence microscopy. DNA was then extracted from Giardia isolates obtained from positive samples. A PCR based method was employed to amplify and sequence a 292bp region of the 16S-rRNA gene. Genetic sequences obtained from Giardia isolates were compared to each other and to previously sequenced isolates. Following a single faecal sample, 58% of Western Australian calves and 57% of Western Canadian calves were positive for Giardia. Geometric mean cyst counts/g of faeces were 839 for Western Australian calves and 3475 for Western Canadian calves, but these values did not differ significantly. Genetic sequences were obtained from 10 calves from Western Canada, while six sequences were obtained from Western Australian calves. Of the Western Canadian isolates, eight aligned with the proposed 'Hoofed livestock' genotype. Of the five isolates obtained from Western Australian calves, four sequences were identical to the 'Hoofed livestock' genotype. Two isolates from the Western Canadian calves and one isolate from the Western Australian calves had the identical genetic sequence to the Genotype (Assemblage) A sequence, a common human genotype. The results of this study demonstrate, for the first time, that Giardia infections occur in Western Australian calves. Also, calves from different geographical locations appear to be primarily infected with a Giardia genotype unique to hoofed livestock. However, calves can shed Giardia cysts potentially infective for humans. Thus, Giardia infections should be considered important to Australian dairy producers, and infections in calves may pose a risk to public health regardless of geographical location.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the sensitivity of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on individual and pooled samples from boars.     

Albert Rovira  Travis Clement  Jane Christopher-Hennings  Bob Thompson  Mark Engle  Darwin Reicks  Claudia Mu?oz-Zanzi 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(5):502-509

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Control and monitoring: control strategies for Plum pox virus in Canada     

D. Thompson 《EPPO Bulletin》2006,36(2):302-304

In 2000, Plum pox virus (PPV) was discovered in Canada in the provinces of Ontario and Nova Scotia. Delimitation surveys were used to define quarantine areas. An eradication strategy was developed based on a threshold value for virus incidence which triggered removal of the entire orchard block. Each year the threshold value is being lowered until reaching a zero tolerance level. Growers are compensated financially for their losses. A two-tiered certification programme was designed to provide clean replacement trees. Initially, growers planted PPV-tested trees as an interim measure until fully virus-tested stock became available. It is hoped that this eradication programme will eliminate PPV from Canada by 2010.  相似文献   

Acute cortisol responses of calves to scoop dehorning using local anaesthesia and/or cautery of the wound   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SP SYLVESTER  DJ MELLOR  KJ STAFFORD  RA BRUCE  RN WARD 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(2):118-122

Objective To measure plasma cortisol responses in calves dehorned using a scoop after administration of local anaesthesia and/or cautery of the wounds.
Design A physiological study with controls.
Procedure There were six treatments: control handling with and without local anaesthesia, dehorning, dehorning after local anaesthesia, dehorning followed by wound cautery, and dehorning after local anaesthesia followed by wound cautery. Blood samples were taken before and after dehorning.
Results Dehorning caused an increase in plasma cortisol concentrations, which decreased a little to plateau values and then declined to pretreatment values 3 to 4 h after dehorning. The peak was smaller after local anaesthesia was administered but when its effects wore off, cortisol concentrations increased and thereafter were similar to those in the dehorned animals. The combination of local anaesthesia and cautery resulted in a plasma cortisol response similar to those in control calves with or without local anaesthesia.
Conclusions If plasma cortisol concentrations reflect the distress being experienced by the calves, then local anaesthesia reduces the acute distress for about 3 h after dehorning but not during the subsequent 3 to 4 h. Combining local anaesthetic and cautery prevented the significant increase in plasma cortisol following dehorning and may eliminate the acute distress caused by scoop dehorning.  相似文献   

Successful medical treatment of splenic abscesses in a horse     

CM STEEL  RA LONSDALE  JR BOLTON 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(8):541-542

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Serum prolactin and growth hormone responses to naloxone and intracerebral ventricle morphine administration in heifers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L S Leshin  L A Rund  F N Thompson  M B Mahaffey  W J Chang  D J Byerley  T E Kiser 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(6):1656-1665

These studies examined responses of serum prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) to opioid agonist and antagonist administration in heifers. To minimize nonspecific and behavioral effects and to facilitate future studies with specific opioid receptor agonists, a cannula was placed within the third cerebral ventricle of the brain of 4- to 10-mo-old heifers to directly access hypothalamic regions involved in the regulation of PRL and GH secretion. Increasing doses of morphine (M) from 2 to 1,500 micrograms injected into the third cerebral ventricle increased (P less than .001) serum PRL concentrations in a dose-related manner. Growth hormone responses were variable, resulting in elevated (P less than .05) serum concentrations following morphine, but no dose-related effects were apparent. Both PRL and GH responses to 700 micrograms M were absent when an intracerebral ventricle injection of an equimolar dose of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, was administered prior to M. In a replicated 4 x 4 latin square, the effects of intravenous naloxone on PRL and GH responses was tested in young (86 +/- 11 d) and older (234 +/- 6 d) heifers. Naloxone at doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg reduced (P less than .05) serum concentrations of PRL for 45 to 60 min. Mean concentrations of GH tended to be higher (P less than .07) in older heifers All doses of naloxone decreased (P less than .05) serum GH concentrations in older heifers but proved ineffective in younger heifers. There were no differences between doses of naloxone on either PRL or GH. These data suggest that endogenous opioids are involved in the regulation of PRL and GH secretion in heifers.  相似文献