Effects of hot water treatment,biocontrol agents,disinfectants and a fungicide on storability of English oak acorns and control of the pathogen,Ciboria batschiana     

I. M. B. Knudsen  K. A. Thomsen  B. Jensen  K. M. Poulsen 《Forest Pathology》2004,34(1):47-64

Eight biological control agents (BCAs; Clonostachys rosea, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma polysporum, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Streptomyces griseoviridis), five disinfectants and a fungicide (Prochloras‐Mangan^TM) were evaluated for the control of harmful mycoflora on Ciboria batschiana‐infected English oak (Quercus robur) acorns during storage at ?1°C. All treatments were tested on both hot water‐treated (HW) and untreated acorns. HW‐treated acorns generally stored better than untreated acorns as a result of elimination of C. batschiana. The HW treatment increased the germination percentage before storage from 60 to 85%. Germination of HW‐treated acorns decreased from 85 to 40% after 16.5 months of storage, whereas germination of untreated acorns decreased from 60 to 20% after a similar time. Ciboria batschiana infection of untreated acorns increased from 14% before storage to 55% after 16 months of storage. All disinfectants and BCAs had a positive effect on viability and particularly on control of C. batschiana in untreated acorns. Best control of C. batschiana occurred with C. rosea, Mycostop^TM (S. griseoviridis), Binab TF^TM (T. polysporum + T. harzianum), and P. chlororaphis. For HW‐treated acorns, there was only a small effect of BCAs on acorn viability while the fungicide and the disinfectants had no effect. Treatments also affected the saprophytic mycoflora with the HW treatment reducing the frequency of Cladosporium spp. and Papulaspora spp., but enhancing Alternaria spp., Mucoraceae and Penicillium spp. However, when combined with HW treatment, several BCAs significantly reduced the prevalence of these fungi. Also, C. rosea reduced the growth of Fusarium spp. Significant negative correlations (p < 0.001) were found between acorn germination and certain storage fungi such as Acremoniella atra, Cladosporium spp. and dematiaceous mycelia.  相似文献   

Adaptation strategies of horses with induced forelimb lameness walking on a treadmill     

Filipe M. Serra Bragança  Elin Hernlund  Maj H. Thomsen  Nina M. Waldern  Marie Rhodin  Anna Byström  P. René van Weeren  Michael A. Weishaupt 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(3):600-611

  相似文献   

Lipid oxidation in fish oil enriched mayonnaise: calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, but not gallic acid, strongly inhibited oxidative deterioration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jacobsen C  Hartvigsen K  Thomsen MK  Hansen LF  Lund P  Skibsted LH  Hølmer G  Adler-Nissen J  Meyer AS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(2):1009-1019

The antioxidative effects of gallic acid, EDTA, and extra emulsifier Panodan DATEM TR in mayonnaise enriched with 16% fish oil were investigated. EDTA reduced the formation of free radicals, lipid hydroperoxides, volatiles, and fishy and rancid off-flavors. The antioxidative effect of EDTA was attributed to its ability to chelate free metal ions and iron from egg yolk located at the oil-water interface. Gallic acid reduced the levels of both free radicals and lipid hydroperoxides but promoted slightly the oxidative flavor deterioration in mayonnaise and influenced the profile of volatiles. Gallic acid may therefore promote the decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides to volatile oxidation products. Addition of extra emulsifier reduced the lipid hydroperoxide levels but did not influence the level of free radicals or the oxidative flavor deterioration in mayonnaisse; however, it appeared to alter the profile of volatiles. The effect of the emulsifier on the physical structure and rheological properties depended on the presence of antioxidants.  相似文献   

A field experiment on the influence of the postulated global climatic change on coastal marshland soils     

Hans‐Peter Blume  Udo Müller‐Thomsen 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2007,170(1):145-156

A climatic scenario postulates an increase of atmospheric CO₂, 55 cm water‐level rise combined with a 30 cm higher tidal amplitude for the North Sea. Further, more frequent and stronger west storms, a 2.5°C mean‐annual‐temperature increase together with 15% more rainfall during winter time are to be expected until 2050 due to recent human impact. The possible consequences of the postulated changes in temperature and flooding dynamics were studied for soil formation as well as for soil‐ecological attributes and processes of two sites at Hedwigenkoog foreshore in N Germany: a Hypersali‐tidalic Fluvisol (protothionic, calcaric) (1.5 m asl with >500 annual floods) and a Gleyi‐sali‐tidalic Fluvisol (calcaric) under a salt meadow (2.2 m asl with 70 annual floods). Temperature, water, redox, nutrient and gas dynamics were measured at different soil depths for a period of 2 y. The topsoil of the Gleyi‐sali‐tidalic Fluvisol was permanently heated over an area of 14 m² to simulate a temperature rise of 1.5–2.5°C. The results are discussed in relation to two realistic scenarios. If the ground level of the Gleyi‐sali‐tidalic Fluvisol is heaved up (due to sedimentation) as intensively as the sea level rises, it may be assumed that the soil unit including vegetation cover in principle will not noticeably change. Then, the temperature increase will intensify the activity of soil organisms, bioturbation, and formation of a crumb structure, however, there will be no further accumulation of soil humus. If there was no sedimentation during the next 50 y, the salt meadow itself together with the upper part of the Gleyi‐sali‐tidalic Fluvisol would be destroyed by erosion, and a Hypersali‐tidalic Fluvisol would be formed similar to the studied one.  相似文献   

Long continued applications of N fertilizer to cereals on sandy loam: grain and straw response to residual N     

I.K. Thomsen  J. Djurhuus  B.T. Christensen 《Soil Use and Management》2003,19(1):57-64

Abstract. The residual value of mineral N fertilizer applied in the spring was investigated in a field experiment where four cereals (winter wheat, winter barley, spring barley and spring oats) had been grown at reduced (0.7N), normal (1N) or high (1.3N) N fertilizer rates for 20 to 28 years. The effect of previous N fertilizer dressing was tested in two succeeding years by replacing the original N rate with five test N rates ranging from 0 to 240 kg N ha^?1 for winter cereals and 0 to 200 kg N ha^?1 for spring cereals. In the first test year, winter wheat grown on plots previously supplied with the high rate of mineral fertilizer (202 kg N ha^?1 yr^?1) yielded more grain and straw and had a higher total N uptake than wheat on plots previously supplied with the normal (174 kg N ha^?1 yr^?1) or reduced (124 kg N ha^?1 yr^?1) rate. The grain yield response and N uptake was not significantly affected by the N supply in the test year. The winter wheat grown in the second test year was unaffected by the previous N supply. Grain and straw yield response and total N uptake for spring barley, winter barley and oats, were almost identical irrespective of the previous N rate. After 20 to 28 years there were no significant differences in soil C and N (0 to 20 cm) between soil receiving three rates of N fertilizer. Soil from differently fertilized oat plots showed no significant differences in N mineralizing capacity. Nitrate leaching losses from the soils at the three N rates were estimated and the N balances for the 20 to 28 years experimental period calculated. The data indicated a reduction in overall loss of 189 to 466 kg N ha^?1 at the normal and high N rates compared with the reduced N rate. We conclude that the N supplying capacity and soil organic matter content of this fertile sandy loam soil under continuous cereal cropping with straw removal was not significantly affected by differences in N fertilizer residues.  相似文献   

The cox regression model applied to risk factor analysis of infections in the breeding and multiplying herds in the Danish SPF system     

Birthe Lykke Thomsen  Sven Erik Jorsal  S  ren Andersen  Preben Willeberg 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1992,12(3-4):287-297

The Cox regression model is discussed with emphasis on model examination and selection. The model is applied in a multivariate risk factor analysis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH) infections in the breeding and multiplying herds in the Danish specific pathogen-free (SPF) pig production system. The analysis showed that the pattern of infections was in agreement with the theory that both airborne transmission and spread through trade in subclinically infected animals are major causes of MH infections.  相似文献   

Impairment of neutrophil functions in a dog with an eosinophilic dermatosis.     

M K Thomsen  A L Jensen  E Bindseil  F Kristensen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1991,32(4):519-526

An eosinophilic dermatosis was diagnosed in a dog with a multifocal distribution of pruritic, pustular and erosive lesions on the trunk. Ectoparasites, fungi and bacteria were not detected in the skin of the dog. At a subsequent admission to the university clinic, bacterial conjunctivitis and superficial pyoderma had developed. At a time when the dog received no medical therapy, evaluation of phagocytosis and chemotactic migration towards a variety of chemotactic factors revealed a general suppression of patient neutrophil responsiveness, as compared to a control dog. Viability of the patient's neutrophils was normal. It was proposed that deactivation of neutrophil functions occurred following exposure to suppressive factors from mast cells, or as a consequence of surface receptor down-regulation due to prolonged cell activation by as yet unknown stimulants. The observed susceptibility to infections in the dog suffering from a primary, sterile eosinophilic dermatosis may be related to impaired host defence against opportunistic microorganisms.  相似文献   

Species differentiation of DNA using dot-blots with biotinylated or 32P-labeled genomic DNA probe     

P D Thomsen  K Christensen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1987,28(3-4):451-453

  相似文献   

The effect of dietary carbohydrates and Trichuris suis infection on pig large intestine tissue structure, epithelial cell proliferation and mucin characteristics     

Thomsen LE  Knudsen KE  Hedemann MS  Roepstorff A 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,142(1-2):112-122

Two experiments (Exps. 1 and 2) were performed to study the influence of Trichuris suis infection and type of dietary carbohydrates on large intestine morphology, epithelial cell proliferation and mucin characteristics. Two experimental diets based on barley flour were used; Diet 1 was supplemented with resistant carbohydrates from oat hull meal, while Diet 2 was supplemented with fermentable carbohydrates from sugar beet fibre and inulin. In Experiment 1, 32 pigs were allocated randomly into four groups. Two groups were fed Diet 1 and two groups Diet 2. Pigs from one of each diet group were inoculated with a single dose of 2000 infective T. suis eggs and the other two groups remained uninfected controls. In Experiment 2, 12 pigs were allocated randomly into two groups and fed Diet 1 or Diet 2, respectively, and inoculated with a single dose of 2000 infective T. suis eggs. All the pigs were slaughtered 8 weeks post inoculation (p.i.). The worm counts were lower in pigs fed Diet 2 in both experiments, but not significantly so. Both diet and infection status significantly influenced the tissue weight of the large intestine. In both experiments, pigs fed Diet 2 had heavier large intestines than pigs fed Diet 1 and in Experiment1 the infected pigs of both diets had heavier large intestines than their respective control groups. Diet and infection also significantly affected the morphological architecture and mucin production in both experiments. Pigs fed Diet 1 had larger crypts both in terms of area and height than pigs fed Diet 2 and T. suis infected pigs on both diets in Experiment 1 had larger crypts than their respective control groups. The area of the mucin granules in the crypts constituted 22-53% of the total crypt area and was greatest in the T. suis infected pigs fed Diet 1. Epithelial cell proliferation was affected neither by diet nor infection in any of the experiments. The study showed that both T. suis infection and dietary carbohydrates significantly influence the morphological architecture and the production and composition of mucins in the large intestine of pigs and suggests that both factors are important in large intestine function and that carbohydrates may play a role in the susceptibility to intestinal helminth infections.  相似文献   

Evolution. The origin of insects     

Glenner H  Thomsen PF  Hebsgaard MB  Sørensen MV  Willerslev E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5807):1883-1884

  相似文献