CT FINDINGS OF INTRACRANIAL BLASTOMYCOSIS IN A DOG     

Miyoko  Saito  DVM  Nicholas J.H.  Sharp  BVM  PHD  Karen  Munana  DVM  MS  Brigid V.  Troan  DVM  Mikihiko  Tokuriki  DVM  PHD  Donald E.  Thrall  DVM  PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(1):16-21

Computed tomography (CT) findings in a dog with intracranial blastomycosis were marked periventricular contrast enhancement of the lateral ventricles, the 3rd ventricle, and the mesencephalic aqueduct. The CT appearance correlated with the histopathologic findings, where severe ependymitis was present throughout the ventricular system and there was stenosis of the mesencephalic aqueduct due to an inflammatory infiltrate. CT is therefore recommended as a screening test for intracranial blastomycosis in dogs and also as an imaging modality for follow-up evaluation after treatment. This is particularly true in dogs with systemic or ocular blastomycosis, which appear to be at higher risk of developing CNS involvement.  相似文献   

Prognostic markers for myeloid neoplasms: a comparative review of the literature and goals for future investigation     

Juopperi TA  Bienzle D  Bernreuter DC  Vernau W  Thrall MA  McManus PM 《Veterinary pathology》2011,48(1):182-197

Myeloid neoplasms include cancers associated with both rapid (acute myeloid leukemias) and gradual (myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms) disease progression. Percentage of blast cells in marrow is used to separate acute (rapid) from chronic (gradual) and is the most consistently applied prognostic marker in veterinary medicine. However, since there is marked variation in tumor progression within groups, there is a need for more complex schemes to stratify animals into specific risk groups. In people with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), pretreatment karyotyping and molecular genetic analysis have greater utility as prognostic markers than morphologic and immunologic phenotypes. Karyotyping is not available as a prognostic marker for AML in dogs and cats, but progress in molecular genetics has created optimism about the eventual ability of veterinarians to discern conditions potentially responsive to medical intervention. In people with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), detailed prognostic scoring systems have been devised that use various combinations of blast cell percentage, hematocrit, platelet counts, unilineal versus multilineal cytopenias and dysplasia, karyotype, gender, age, immunophenotype, transfusion dependence, and colony-forming assays. Predictors of outcome for animals with MDS have been limited to blast cell percentage, anemia versus multilineal cytopenias, and morphologic phenotype. Prognostic markers for myeloproliferative neoplasms (eg, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia) include clinical and hematological factors and in people also include cytogenetics and molecular genetics. Validation of prognostic markers for myeloid neoplasms in animals has been thwarted by the lack of a large case series that requires cooperation across institutions and veterinary specialties. Future progress requires overcoming these barriers.  相似文献   

Whole-Body Hyperthermia     

R. L. Page DVM  MS    D. E. Thrall DVM  PhD    M. W. Dewhirst DVM  PhD  R. E. Meyer DVM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1987,1(3):110-120

Whole-body hyperthermia is the controlled elevation of systemic temperature for therapeutic purposes. Historically, this treatment has been used for symptomatic control of many diseases. Recently, the potential therapeutic benefit of whole-body hyperthermia in the management of neoplastic disease has been investigated vigorously. The rationale for improved tumor control is based on heat-induced enhancement of the antineoplastic effects of radiation and chemotherapy. Although the complex biologic interaction of heat and radiation has been studied for many years, chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia has been studied less thoroughly. Despite a lack of adequate long-term laboratory and clinical investigation, use of whole-body hyperthermia with chemotherapy and radiotherapy is a logical and potentially powerful therapeutic strategy for neoplasia. Relevant issues regarding the application of whole-body hyperthermia with more traditional modes of therapy are being studied in preliminary clinical trials involving dogs and humans. Identification of optimal timing and sequencing of adjunctive therapy, proper cytotoxic drug application, methods to further minimize toxicity, and heat-sensitive tumor types will lead to expanded clinical use of whole-body hyperthermia. The historical development, clinical rationale, and application of whole-body hyperthermia for the control of disseminated or refractory neoplasia in humans and dogs is reviewed.  相似文献   

A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 27 DOGS WITH INTRANASAL NEOPLASMS TREATED WITH COBALT RADIATION   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Margaret C.  McEntee  DVM  Rodney L.  Page  DVM  MS  Greta L.  Heidner  DVM  J. Mark  Cline  DVM  Donald E.  Thrall  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1991,32(3):135-139

Twenty-seven dogs with sinonasal neoplasms were treated with cobalt radiation. Cytoreductive surgery was performed in six of the patients prior to initiation of irradiation. Dogs received from 4,180 to 5,400 cGy on a Monday/Wednesday/Friday schedule given in 10 to 12 fractions over a four week period. All dogs had a computed tomography (CT) based, computer generated radiation treatment plan. Survival time ranged from 2.5 to 46.0 months with a mean and median of 20.7 ± 3.3 and 12.8 months, respectively. The one- and two-year survival rates were 59% and 22%. Survival time compares favorably to those reported previously for dogs treated with cytoreductive surgery and orthovoltage x-rays. Survival time is longer than that reported previously using megavoltage radiation alone or in conjunction with surgery. It is likely that the improved survival reported herein is, at least in part, related to the use of computed tomography for tumor localization and computer generation of the treatment plan. No prognostic variables were identified in the present study. Survival time was not significantly different between dogs with carcinoma versus sarcoma. There was no significant difference between patients that had undergone cytoreductive surgery prior to radiotherapy, and those patients treated with radiotherapy alone.  相似文献   

GENERALIZED EXTENSIVE IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY OSSIFICATON IN A DOG: A CASE REPORT     

Donald E. Thrall  Michael H. Goldschmidt  Richard J. Clement  Bernard Goldsmith 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1980,21(3):104-107

A 9-year-old dog was presented with generalized extensive pulmonary mineralization associated with exertional dyspnea and cyanosis. The differential diagnosis for the pulmonary mineralization included metastaticand dystrophic pulmonary calcification, atypical pulmonary neoplasia, alveolar microlithiasis, idiopathic pulmonary mineralization, and idiopathic pulmonary ossification. The dog was euthanized at the owner's request. The histologic diagnosis was idiopathic pulmonary ossification. No previous report of generalized extensive idiopathic pulmonary ossification was found. Idiopathic pulmonary ossification occurs in man, usually involves a limited area of lung, and is functionally unimportant. The pulmonary ossification in the dog reported here was generalized and associated with severe pulmonary dysfunction. The disease in man and that in the dog in this report do not appear to be directly comparable.  相似文献   

RADIOTHERAPY OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS OF THE CANINE NASAL PLANE     

Donald E.  Thrall  DVM  PhD  William M.  Adams  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1982,23(5):193-195

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal plane in eight dogs was treated with radiotherapy. Radiotherapy failed to control the tumor in each dog. Mean time until treatment failure was apparent was 2.9 months. Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal plane in dogs appears to respond more poorly to radiotherapy than does squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva.  相似文献   

Recurrent skin mass from the digit of a dog     

Sprague W  Thrall MA 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2001,30(4):189-192

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RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF CANINE HEARTWORM DISEASE COEXISTING WITH RIGHT HEART FAILURE     

Donald E.  Thrall  DVM  PhD  Clay A.  Calvert  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1983,24(3):124-126

Thoracic radiographs of 28 dogs with heartworm disease and right heart failure were evaluated subjectively and objectively. Radiographs of all dogs were abnormal. Abnormalities were consistent with those previously reported for heartworm disease but were more severe than those identified in another group of heartworm dogs that did not have right heart failure. The right ventricle and right caudal labor pulmonary artery were enlarged in every dog. The main pulmonary artery, right cranial lobar pulmonary artery, and caudal vena cava were enlarged in 24, 25, and 17 dogs, respectively. Radiographically apparent pathologic pulmonary conditions were present in 25 dogs. Pleural effusion was not identified.  相似文献   

Malignant Tumor Formation in Dogs Previously Irradiated for Acanthomatous Epulis     

Margaret C. McEntee  DVM    Rodney L. Page  DVM  MS    Alain Théon  DVM  MS    Hollis N. Erb  DVM  PhD    Donald E. Thrall  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(4):357-361

In this retrospective study of 57 dogs irradiated for oral acanthomatous epulis, 2 (3.5%) dogs developed a second tumor (sarcoma, osteosarcoma) in the radiation treatment field at 5.2 and 8.7 years after the end of radiation therapy. As opposed to previous reports, no second epithelial tumors developed in the radiation treatment field. There is a risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis, but it appears that it is a relatively low risk and an event that occurs years after radiation therapy. Radiation-induced tumors are of more concern in younger dogs that undergo radiation therapy for tumors that are radioresponsive, such as acanthomatous epulis, where long-term survival is expected. The only statistically significant variable in the survival analysis was age, with dogs less than 8.3 years old having a significantly longer median overall survival (2322 days) than dogs older than 8.3 years (1106 days; P<0.0001).  相似文献   

USE OF PHOTON FIELDS WITH NONCOINCIDENT ISOCENTERS TO IMPROVE HOMOGENEITY OF DOSE DISTRIBUTION     

Amy F. Pruitt  DVM    Donald E. Thrall  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(5):471-475

To compare changes in dose distribution in irregularly shaped volumes treated using fields with noncoincident isocenters compared with fields with coincident isocenters. The hypothesis was that use of fields with noncoincident isocenters would result in improved homogeneity of dose distribution. We chose to test the hypothesis in canine nasal tumors because of the increased dorsoventral thickness of the caudal compared with the rostral nasal cavity. Computed tomography images from eight dogs with nasal tumors were selected. A tissue-contouring program was used to outline contours, including the mandible as a normal tissue structure and the planning target volume (PTV), divided into a rostral and caudal volume. A traditional computerized treatment plan consisting of two parallel-opposed fields was constructed for each dog. A second treatment plan using a third caudally located field having a different isocenter was constructed for comparison. Dose-volume histograms were generated and compared for each contoured structure in both plans. In all dogs the use of noncoincident fields resulted in increased dose to the ethmoid region through the caudal field. Minimum dose in the caudal tumor PTV increased as well. At the same time, dose delivered to the mandible, prone to develop significant side effects, was lower in all dogs with the use of noncoincident fields, as it was possible to reduce the dose delivered from the ventral field. Use of photon fields with noncoincident isocenters can improve the dose distribution in irregularly shaped volumes in comparison with fields with coincident isocenters. Improved tumor dose distribution was achieved with the addition of a smaller field having a different isocenter.  相似文献