Structure-activity relationships of 1,2,3-benzothiadiazoles as synergists for carbaryl against the house fly (Musca domestica)     

D.L. Gil  C.F. Wilkinson 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1976,6(4):338-349

Fifty six 1,2,3-benzothiadiazoles and related compounds were evaluated as carbaryl synergists against the house fly (Musca domestica). Many of these were excellent synergists, the most active being those containing various combinations of halogen, alkyl, or alkoxy substituents in the 5- and/or 6-positions of the ring.Regression analysis on the data from 14 compounds for which substituents constants were available established that synergistic activity can be satisfactorily described by equations in terms of the hydrophobic bonding constant (π) and the homolytic free radical constant (σ ·).The results with compounds related to the 1,2,3-benzothiadiazoles suggest that synergistic activity is associated primarily with the diazosulfide moiety.  相似文献   

Studies on viremia and antibody formation in ducklings and goslings after experimental infection with Lednice (Yaba 1) virus.     

V Danielová  D Málková 《Folia parasitologica》1976,23(4):367-372

A very low virus level was found for a short time in the blood of ducklings and goslings after experimental Lednice (Yaba 1) virus infection by subcutaneous (scut) and intranasal (inas) route and in blood of ducklings also after infection by intracerebral (icer) route. Subsequently virus neutralizing antibody formation was examined. Antibody formation was found in most of animals. In goslings onset of antibody formation seems to be slower than in ducklings after the same virus infection dose; vice versa, in ducklings antibody titer decreased after 6 weeks. Using low infection virus dose, neutralizing antibody level in ducklings was lower than in the former case. On examining the blood and the organs, the virus was detected in a very low amount and for a very short time in blood and spleen of goslings and only in blood of ducklings.  相似文献   

Seasonal activity of EPTC for Cyperus rotundus L. control in a tropical climate*     

R. D. WILLIAM  G. F. WARREN  L. B. GIORDANO 《Weed Research》1976,16(4):217-222

Four experiments were conducted at six week intervals to determine the seasonal activity and persistence of soil-incorporated EPTC (5-ethyl N,N-dipropyl(thiocarbamate)) for Cyperus rotundus L. control and tolerance of okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) during the dry and wet seasons in Viçosa, Brazil. Satisfactory control of C. rotundus was obtained at 2 kg/ha EPTC during the dry season and 4 kg/ha or more during the wet season. Only red beet and carrot tolerated these doses of EPTC when the crops were planted five days after application. However, selective control of C. rotundus was obtained when the planting date of lettuce was delayed for three or six weeks after EPTC application. EPTC controlled C. rotundus at half the dose that was required to control three species of annual grass that germinated near the soil surface. EPTC persisted longer when applied to air dry soil and incorporated with a rototiller than when incorporated into moist or wet soil.  相似文献   

Dissociation and phosphorylation constants for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by a series of novel O-ethyl O-phenyl S-n-propyl phosphorothioates     

Geoffrey J. Hart  Richard D. O&#x;Brien 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1976,6(1):85-90

The phosphorylation, dissociation, and bimolecular reaction constants were determined for several members of a series of substituted O-ethyl O-phenyl S-n-propyl phosphorothioates in the presence of substrate. The data obtained are discussed in relation to electronegativity of substituents and in vivo toxicity.  相似文献   

Field Observations on Blackleg in England1     

D.H. Lapwood 《EPPO Bulletin》1976,6(4):237-239

Inoculation of seed tubers with Erwinia carotnvora (Jones) Bergey et al. var. atroseptica (van Hall) Dye before planting resulted in early death (especially with sprouted seed), blackleg stems and decreased yields. Apical inoculations had most, and stolon inoculations the least, effect on growth and yield. Even plants without blackleg symptoms were more stunted and had fewer stems than plants from uninoculated seed. Rotting of seed tubers often stopped in dry weather and started again later, probably caused, or assisted by, insects breaching the wound barrier. Many other organisms can also rot seed tubers including Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethybridge (pink rot), Fusarium spp. (dry rot), Verticillium spp. (wilts) and Rhizoctonia spp. (black scurf). The bacteria have been shown to spread along rows underground and to different stocks within the same field, presumably in air, but season to season spread by the potato digger has not been demonstrated.  相似文献   

Chemotaxonomy of Compositae related to their host suitability for Pratylenchus penetrans     

F. J. Gommers  D. J. M. Voorin'tholt 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1976,82(1):1-8

Experimental work and a survey of literature gave data on the effects of 175 Compositate on populations ofPratylenchus penetrans in the soil. Nearly 70 Compositae effectively suppress populations ofP. penetrans. It is shown that a close relationship exists between this suppressing feature and the chemotaxonomy of the Compositae.Samenvatting Eigen onderzoek aangevuld met gegevens uit de literatuur gaf informatie over de invloed van 175 Composieten op populaties vanPratylenchus penetrans in de grond. Bijna 70 soorten verlaagden deze dichtheden (Tabel 1). Het betreft soorten van de geslachtenGrindelia, Solidago, Coreopsis, Eclipta, Rudbeckia, Verbesina, Melampodium, Parthenium, Iva, Ambrosia, Milleria, Baeria, Schkuhria, Eriophyllum, Chaenactis, Helenium, Gaillardia, Tagetes, Arctotis, Gazania, Berkheya, Didelta, Echinops enUrospermum. Er is een duidelijk verband tussen de taxonomische indeling van Composieten en deze eigenschap. Bijna alle getoetste soorten van de subtribus Ambrosiinae, Heleniinae, Arctotinae, Gorteriinae en Echinopinae reduceerden populaties vanP. penetrans. In sommige geslachten zoalsSolidago, Coreopsis, Rudbeckia enMelampodium veroorzaakten slechts een of enkele getoetste soorten dit effect.Van de 16 Composieten, waarvan bekend is dat zij -terthienyl in hun wortels bevatten, verlaagden er 15 dichtheden vanPratylenchus. Vrijwel hetzelfde geldt voor Composieten met 5-(3-buteen-1-ynyl)-2,2-bithienyl in hun wortels (Tabel 1). Ook de aanwezigheid in een aantal andere Composieten van een groep rode dithio-acetyleen-verbindingen met waarschijnlijk nematicide eigenschappen in vitro, komt goed overeen met de eigenschap om dichtheden vanP. penetrans in de grond te verminderen.  相似文献   

The in vivo sensitivity of ATPases to DDT,DDE, and physical immobilization in American cockroaches     

L.K. Cutkomp  D. Desaiah  E.Y. Cheng  E.V. Vea  R.B. Koch 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1976,6(3):203-208

American cockroaches injected with sublethal doses of DDT (0.75 μg/roach) at 5-day intervals showed a 40% reduction in oligomycin-sensitive Mg²⁺ATPase from muscle homogenates, and a 23% reduction of Na⁺-K⁺ATPase from nerve cords. Thus, the maximum effect measured occurred with the same enzyme and tissue as determined from in vitro studies. The metabolite, DDE, used at 15 μg per roach, gave no significant change in activity of the ATPase system following injection. In contrast, high single doses of DDT (7.5 μg/roach) and 100 μg DDE and dicofol per roach caused over 30% increase in oligomycin-sensitive Mg²⁺ATPase of muscle and a 10–15% increase in Na⁺-K⁺ATPase of nerve cords measured 24 and 48 hr later. While a similar response was observed for Mg²⁺ATPase activities in cockroaches that were immobilized, the increase in enzyme activities were much greater than that caused by the pesticides.  相似文献   

Replacement of maize by triticale in broiler diets     

D. R. Rao  W. M. Johnson  G. R. Sunki 《British poultry science》1976,17(3):269-274

1. The nitrogen‐corrected metabolisable energy contents of the triticale varieties Multi Graze, Graze Grain 70, 204 and 131 were 12.28, 12.69, 12.37 and 12.03 MJ/kg respectively.

2. Increasing proportions (0, 25, 50 or 75%) of the maize of a diet were replaced by triticale 131 to provide diets of equal energy and nitrogen contents for broilers. These diets resulted in weight gains of 1.775, 1.782, 1.713 and 1.808 kg respectively at 8 weeks and there were no significant differences among efficiencies of food conversions.

3. Dressed carcass weights as percentages of body weight were 74.38, 75.01, 73.98 and 74.50 respectively and did not differ significantly.

4. Triticale in the diet did not seem to influence the relative weights of either liver or gizzard.

5. The flavour of the meat seemed to become less acceptable as the triticale in the diet increased but there were no significant differences in tenderness and juiciness of the meat caused by the treatments.  相似文献   

Agammaglobulinemia in a horse with evidence of functional T lymphocytes.     

T C McGuire  K L Banks  D R Evans  M J Poppie 《American journal of veterinary research》1976,37(1):41-46

Agammaglobulinemia was diagnosed in a 1-year-old Thoroughbred horse on the basis of the following observations: (1) absence of serum immunoglobulins M, A, and G(T); (2) small amounts of serum immunoglobulin G (16 mg/100 ml); (3) absence of specific antibody in the serum of the horse following immunization and challenge exposure to 2 antigens; (4) absence of plasma cells, primary follicles, and germinal centers in a lymph node removed after antigenic stimulation; (5) absence of "natural" serum antibodies to rabbit-erythrocytes which were easily detectable in age-matched control horse serums; and (6) increased susceptibility to infections. There was evidence of functional cell-mediated immunity which included a skin response to injected phytolectins, skin response to antigen challenge following sensitization, and in vitro proliferative response of lymph node cells to phytohemagglutinin. An intact cell-mediated immune response was also supported by the observation that the horse lived to 17 months of age without antibody production, whereas horses with an absence of both antibody production and cell-mediated immunity (combined immunodeficiency) die by 4 months of age without immunologic intervention. The known features of agammaglobulinemia in this horse are similar to those in sex-linked agammaglobulinemia in persons and are unique among the immunodeficiences described in other animals.  相似文献   

The effect of the administration of Solanum malacoxylon on the chick.     

C D Basudde  D J Humphreys 《Research in veterinary science》1975,18(3):330-331

Replacement of the drinking water of chicks maintained on a normal mixed protein diet with an aqueous extract containing the equivalent of 5 g of the dried leaves of Solanum malacoxylon (DLSM) per 100 ml for one month produces a hypercalcaemia (23-49 per cent), hypomagnesamia (28-37 per cent), hypophosphataemia (26-34 per cent), hypouricaemia (29-34 per cent) and a decrease in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (54-98 per cent). The ash content of the defatted, dried tibiae and the body weight of the DLSM treated chicks were also significantly lower (37-7 per cent and 17-79 per cent respectively) than the corresponding values for the untreated birds. The results obtained are similar to those reported for hypervitaminosis D3 in the chick.  相似文献