Anti-acne activity of tannin-related compounds isolated from Terminalia laxiflora     

Ali Mahmoud Muddathir  Kosei Yamauchi  Tohru Mitsunaga 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(5):426-431

In our investigation to find out new anti-acne agent, we focused on Terminalia laxiflora Engl & Diels (Combretaceae) methanolic wood extract, which has been selected during previous screening experiments for anti-acne agents, which included 29 species of Sudanese medicinal plants. Based on the biologically guided fractionation using an antibacterial assay against Propionibacterium acnes, a lipase inhibitory assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay; five tannin-related compounds were isolated, such as ellagic acid, flavogallonic acid dilactone, terchebulin and gallic acid. Terchebulin showed good antibacterial activity; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 125 μg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 250 μg/ml. Gallic acid exhibited lipase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ value of 149.3 μM, which showed strong inhibition compared with terchebulin, IC₅₀ 260.7 μM. However, all compounds exhibited better or equal DPPH radical scavenging activity to (+)-catechin as positive control. Ellagic acid and terchebulin showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activities, IC₅₀ 4.86 and 4.90 μM, respectively. This study demonstrated that terchebulin has potentiality as an anti-acne agent.  相似文献   

Botulinum Toxin Complex Increases Paracellular Permeability in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase     

Shin-ichiro MIYASHITA  Yoshimasa SAGANE  Ken INUI  Shintaro HAYASHI  Keita MIYATA  Tomonori SUZUKI  Tohru OHYAMA  Toshihiro WATANABE  Koichi NIWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2013,75(12):1637-1642

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Circadian variations in salivary chromogranin a concentrations during a 24-hour period in dogs     

Kazutaka Kanai  Mariko Hino  Yasutomo Hori  Ruriko Nakao  Fumio Hoshi  Naoyuki Itoh  Seiichi Higuchi 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(4):421-423

The purpose of this study was to determine if salivary chromogranin a secretion in dogs exhibits a circadian rhythm. Saliva sampling was performed during three different sessions occurring in three nonconsecutive 24-h periods. Sixteen healthy adult beagle dogs (8 males and 8 females) were moved to a sampling room and housed individually in cages. Saliva samples were obtained every 4 h from 12:00 p.m. to 12:00 p.m. the following day. In the interest of habituation, saliva was obtained hourly from each dog 3 h before the experiment was started. Salivary chromogranin A concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No circadian rhythm was detected for salivary chromogranin A secretion, and no differences in salivary chromogranin A concentrations measured every 4 h were demonstrated during the 24-h cycle in dogs.  相似文献   

Effect of niacin supplementation in long‐distance transported steer calves          下载免费PDF全文

Satoshi Takemoto  Masayuki Funaba  Tohru Matsui 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(10):1442-1450

Long‐distance transportation has negative impacts on production and health in cattle. Feed and water are routinely deprived from cattle during transportation. We investigated whether niacin supplementation could improve niacin nutrition and mitigate the adverse effect of transportation with feed and water deprivation in steer calves. We also studied the adverse effect of feed and water deprivation in nontransported steer calves. Twelve calves were assigned to feed and water deprivation for 2 days, or full access to feed and water in experiment 1. Ten calves were assigned to 2‐day transportation with feed and water deprivation, or the transportation with feed and water deprivation, but with supplementation of rumen‐protected niacin at 100 g/day per head in experiment 2. Bodyweight was measured and blood was collected for 32 days in each experiment. Feed and water deprivation temporarily decreased serum glucose concentrations and bodyweight gain. Transportation with deprivation of feed and water caused a temporal decrease in bodyweight gain and serum albumin concentration, and a continuous decrease in serum glucose and total cholesterol concentrations, which was suppressed by niacin supplementation. Niacin supplementation increased blood niacin concentration. These results suggest that niacin supplementation mitigates adverse effects of transportation with feed and water deprivation in steer calves.  相似文献   

Harvest index is a critical factor influencing the grain yield of diverse wheat species under rain-fed conditions in the Mediterranean zone of southeastern Turkey and northern Syria     

Tohru Kobata  Müjde Koç  Celaleddin Barutçular  Ken-ichi Tanno  Masanori Inagaki 《Plant Production Science》2018,21(2):71-82

Environmental and plant factors critical to the grain yields of bread (Triticum aestivum L.), durum (T. durum L.) and emmer (T. dicoccum L.) wheat cultivars were investigated at two Mediterranean rain-fed field sites: Adana in southeastern Turkey (2009 and 2010) and Aleppo in northern Syria (2009). The grain yield (GY) and biological yield (BY) of most cultivars were higher in Adana than in Aleppo, and the lower GY in Aleppo resulted from lower harvest index (HI) and lower BY due to higher temperatures and lower rainfall. The variations in the HI among cultivars were greater in Adana than in Aleppo. The GY was closely related to the HI but not the BY across cultivars at each site, and a higher GY was accompanied by a superior conversion-efficiency of incident radiation during the grain filling period for grain yield [GY/Ra, where Ra is the cumulative radiation for 30 days after heading (D₃₀)] across all observations. The GY/Ra correlated negatively with the average temperature for D₃₀, and higher HI values resulted in higher GY/Ra. In Adana, the time from anthesis to physiological-maturity decreased as the average temperature for D₃₀ increased, resulting in a lower HI. Cultivars exhibiting the early heading trait can effectively escape the negative impacts of terminal high-temperature and water-shortage conditions on the HI. The results suggested that the HI is a critical factor for GY across diverse wheat cultivars under terminal high-temperatures and water-shortages in Mediterranean areas, and the BY is also an important factor under severe water-limitation conditions.  相似文献   

Molecular physiological aspects of chalking mechanism in rice grains under high-temperature stress     

Toshiaki Mitsui  Hiromoto Yamakawa  Tohru Kobata 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(1):22-29

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Two β-amylase genes,OsBAM2 and OsBAM3, are involved in starch remobilization in rice leaf sheaths     

Tatsuya Hirano  Takayuki Higuchi  Minako Hirano  Yu Sugimura  Hiroyasu Michiyama 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(2):291-299

To identify mechanisms of starch degradation in rice leaf sheaths at the post-heading stage, we investigated the function of OsBAM2 and OsBAM3, which encode plastid-targeted active β-amylase isoforms, in starch remobilization in leaf sheaths. The starch content in the second leaf sheaths below the flag leaf (the third leaf sheaths) peaked at the flag leaf emergence stage and gradually decreased until 15 days after heading. The mRNA levels of OsBAM2 and OsBAM3 in the third leaf sheaths increased from the flag leaf emergence stage to the heading stage when the starch content began to decrease. However, these mRNA levels did not always remain high during post-heading. Overexpression of OsBAM2 or OsBAM3 markedly repressed starch accumulation in the third leaf sheaths, showing that OsBAM2 and OsBAM3 function in starch degradation in rice leaf sheaths. In contrast, no significant differences in starch content in the third leaf sheaths were detected between knockdown plants of OsBAM2 or OsBAM3 and non-transgenic wild-type plants. Our results suggest that reduced expression of the individual genes, OsBAM2 or OsBAM3, does not result in excess accumulation of starch in the leaf sheaths, probably because of the complementary function of another gene or the action of other genes encoding starch-degrading .  相似文献   

Molecular aspects of infection in plant–microbe interactions based on the rice–rice blast fungus interaction     

Tohru Teraoka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2015,81(6):457-460

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Spatial and interspecific variability in phenological responses to warming temperatures     

Richard B. Primack  Ins Ibez  Hiroyoshi Higuchi  Sang Don Lee  Abraham J. Miller-Rushing  Adam M. Wilson  John A. Silander Jr. 《Biological conservation》2009,142(11):2569-2577

A comprehensive understanding of species phenological responses to global warming will require observations that are both long-term and spatially extensive. Here we present an analysis of the spring phenological response to climate variation of twelve taxa: six plants, three birds, a frog, and two insects. Phenology was monitored using standardized protocols at 176 meteorological stations in Japan and South Korea from 1953 to 2005, and in some cases even longer. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to examine the complex interactions of temperature, site effects, and latitude on phenology. Results show species-specific variation in the magnitude and even in the direction of their responses to increasing temperature, which also differ from site-to-site. At most sites the differences in phenology among species are forecast to become greater with warmer temperatures. Our results challenge the assertion that trends in one geographic region can be extrapolated to others, and emphasize the idiosyncratic nature of the species response to global warming. Field studies are needed to determine how these patterns of variation in species response to climate change affect species interactions and the ability to persist in a changing climate.  相似文献   

Conservation and management of biodiversity in Japan: An introduction     

Hiroyoshi Higuchi 《Biological conservation》2009,142(9):1881-1883

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