Antimicrobial activity of a bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) against methicillin‐susceptible and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus     

Shiaki TAKAGI  Shunji HAYASHI  Koichi TAKAHASHI  Hiroshi ISOGAI  Lanlan BAI  Hiroshi YONEYAMA  Tasuke ANDO  Kumiko ITO  Emiko ISOGAI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(6):482-486

A bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) is a member of the cathelicidin family which is included in the innate immune system of mammals. Recently, there have been many studies about antimicrobial peptides. This study aims to clarify whether BMAP‐28 has bactericidal activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and compares its activity against methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. We found that the peptide was effective in killing MRSA (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range; 5–20 µg/mL). It was also revealed that MSSA (MIC range; 1.25–20 µg/mL) had two levels of susceptibility to BMAP‐28. We also examined the effect of BMAP‐28 on bacterial shape to visually show its activity. After exposure to the peptide, both MSSA and MRSA cells showed the morphological changes on their surfaces. Our results indicate that BMAP‐28 is a promising candidate for medicine against drug‐resistant bacteria.  相似文献   

Reliability in somatic cell count measurement of clinical mastitis milk using DeLaval cell counter     

Kazuhiro Kawai  Tomohito Hayashi  Yoshio Kiku  Tomoyuki Chiba  Hajime Nagahata  Hidetoshi Higuchi  Tetsu Obayashi  Seigo Itoh  Ken Onda  Sachiko Arai  Reiichiro Sato  Toshio Oshida 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(12):805-807

Somatic cell counts (SCC) measurements are typically performed using quantitative methods, such as the Breed method (Breed) and the Fossomatic method (FSCC). The DeLaval cell counter (DCC) developed recently is a quantitative somatic cell counter with a low initial cost and superior portability. However, since the DCC was specifically developed for measuring SCC of ≤ 4 × 10⁶ cells/mL milk from bulk tanks or individual cows, its reliability for estimating SCC that exceed this concentration has not yet been clarified. This study therefore examined whether it is possible to accurately measure SCC by diluting milk samples with initial SCC of 4 × 10⁶ cells/mL, as seen in clinical mastitis milk. We collected milk samples from 99 quarters of 99 Holstein cows with clinical mastitis. These milk samples were diluted 10‐fold with saline and thoroughly mixed before performing SCC measurement with the DCC. The correlation coefficients of SCC measured by the FSCC, Breed and DCC methods indicated strong correlations between each pair of methods. The findings showed that DCC can be used to identify bovine clinical mastitis milk and is useful as a quantitative SCC measurement device on farm sites.  相似文献   

Botulinum Toxin Complex Increases Paracellular Permeability in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase     

Shin-ichiro MIYASHITA  Yoshimasa SAGANE  Ken INUI  Shintaro HAYASHI  Keita MIYATA  Tomonori SUZUKI  Tohru OHYAMA  Toshihiro WATANABE  Koichi NIWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2013,75(12):1637-1642

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Applicability of phosphate buffer extractable organic nitrogen as an indicator of available nitrogen in the sandy soils of the Sahel zone of Niger, West Africa     

Kanako SUZUKI  Ryoichi MATSUNAGA  Keiichi HAYASHI  Naruo MATSUMOTO  Satoshi TOBITA  Kensuke OKADA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(3):449-458

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Phenotypic and functional analysis of bovine peripheral blood dendritic cells before parturition by a novel purification method          下载免费PDF全文

Tao Zhuang  Megumi Urakawa  Hidetoshi Sato  Yuko Sato  Teruaki Taguchi  Tsuyoshi Umino  Shiro Katto  Koutaro Tanaka  Kozue Yoshimura  Naokazu Takada  Hiroko Kobayashi  Megumi Ito  Michael T. Rose  Yoshio Kiku  Yuya Nagasawa  Haruki Kitazawa  Kouichi Watanabe  Tomonori Nochi  Tomohito Hayashi  Hisashi Aso 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(7):1011-1019

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen presenting cells specializing in antigen uptake and processing, and play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune response. A subset of bovine peripheral blood DCs was identified as CD172a⁺/CD11c⁺/MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II⁺ cells. Although DCs are identified at 0.1%–0.7% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), the phenotype and function of DCs remain poorly understood with regard to maintaining tolerance during the pregnancy. All cattle used in this study were 1 month before parturition. We have established a novel method for the purification of DCs from PBMC using magnetic‐activated cell sorting, and purified the CD172a⁺/CD11c⁺ DCs, with high expression of MHC class II and CD40, at 84.8% purity. There were individual differences in the expressions of CD205 and co‐stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on DCs. There were positive correlations between expression of cytokine and co‐stimulatory molecules in DCs, and the DCs maintained their immune tolerance, evidenced by their low expressions of the co‐stimulatory molecules and cytokine production. These results suggest that before parturition a half of DCs may be immature and tend to maintain tolerance based on the low cytokine production, and the other DCs with high co‐stimulatory molecules may already have the ability of modulating the T‐cell linage.  相似文献   

Exfoliation rate of mammary epithelial cells in milk on bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is associated with bacterial load          下载免费PDF全文

Yuya Nagasawa  Yoshio Kiku  Kazue Sugawara  Fuyuko Tanabe  Tomohito Hayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(1):259-266

The exfoliation rate of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in milk is affected by physiological, breeding and environmental factors. Little is known about the relationship between the MEC exfoliation into milk and mammary‐infected Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) load on bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between S. aureus load and the proportion of MEC exfoliation in milk using five substantial bovine mastitis models. In 64 randomly extracted milk samples from udders at 3–21 days after S. aureus infusion, there were various samples with different numbers of S. aureus counts and somatic cell counts. No significant correlations were found between the S. aureus counts and somatic cell count (r = 0.338). In contrast, a significant correlation was noted between S. aureus counts and the proportion of cytokeratin‐positive cells in the milk from the infused udders (r = 0.734, P < 0.01). In conclusion, the increasing MEC exfoliation rate in milk from mastitis udders caused by S. aureus may contribute to reduced milk yield.  相似文献   

Determination of maturity in male hawksbill turtle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eretmochelys imbricata</Emphasis> in captivity based on tail elongation and plasma testosterone level     

Masato Kobayashi  Tomohito Shimizu  Koichi Okuzawa  Kiyoshi Soyano  Kenzo Yoseda 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(5):777-784

To determine the sexual maturity of fourteen male wild-caught hawksbill turtles [straight carapace length (SCL) range 63–79 cm] held in captivity, we investigated their hormone levels in blood and morphological characteristics. Male turtles were divided into two groups: five individuals showing mating behavior (group A) and nine individuals not showing mating behavior (group B). Then, seasonal changes of plasma testosterone of both groups were studied. We also tried to determine male maturity based on tail elongation (TE) index, i.e., the ratio of tail length (TL) to SCL. Plasma testosterone level of group A gradually increased during premating and then sharply declined to low levels between mating and postmating seasons. In contrast, that of group B remained low during the experimental periods. The distinct seasonal changes of plasma testosterone levels of groups A and B correlated with their maturity. Furthermore, males were clearly divided into mature and immature based on TE values >0.35 and <0.33, respectively, corresponding to results based on plasma testosterone levels. Our results indicate that TE can be used more conveniently and accurately to determine maturity of male hawksbill turtles in captivity.  相似文献   

Characterization of Aquimarina hainanensis isolated from diseased mud crab Scylla serrata larvae in a hatchery     

Yuki Midorikawa  Tomohito Shimizu  Tetsuya Sanda  Katsuyuki Hamasaki  Shigeki Dan  Mohammad Tamrin Bin Mohamad Lal  Goshi Kato  Motohiko Sano 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(5):541-549

Mass mortality due to necrosis signs occurred in hatchery-reared zoea stage larvae of the mud crab Scylla serrata in Okinawa, Japan, and a causative bacterium was isolated. In this study, we identified and characterized the bacterium by genome analysis, biochemical properties and pathogenicity. The bacterium was a Gram-negative, non-motile, long rod, forming yellow colonies on a marine agar plate. It grew at 20–33°C (not at 37°C) and degraded chitin and gelatin. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identified the bacterium as Aquimarina hainanensis. Genome sequence data obtained from Illumina MiSeq generated 29 contigs with 3.56 Mbp in total length and a G + C content of 32.5%. The predicted 16 chitinase genes, as putative virulence factors, had certain homologies with those of genus Aquimarina. Experimental infection with the bacterium conducted on larvae of four crustacean species, brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, freshwater shrimp Caridina multidentata, swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus and mud crab S. serrata, revealed that this bacterium was highly virulent to these species. The present study suggests that the bacterium caused mass mortality in mud crab seed production was A. hainanensis and can be widely pathogenic to crustaceans.  相似文献   

Cytosolic glutamine synthetase is present in the phloem sap of rice (Oryza sativa L.)     

Tomohiro TANAKA  Nobuo SUZUI  Hiroaki HAYASHI  Tomoyuki YAMAYA  Tadakatsu YONEYAMA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(1):102-106

The presence of glutamine synthetase (GS) in the rice sieve tube was examined. Proteins in the rice phloem sap from leaf sheaths were separated by sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to polyvinylidine difluoride membranes and immunoblotted with anti-GS1 antibody. A cross-reacting band, thought to be GS1, was detected in the phloem sap. Moreover, the phloem sap contained a significant amount of GS transferase activity. Previous studies have shown that the concentrations of substrates and cofactors in the rice phloem sap are sufficient for cytosolic GS reaction. These data suggest that physiologically active GS1 is present in rice phloem sap, which might convert glutamate to glutamine in vivo .  相似文献   

Psycho-educational Horseback Riding to Facilitate Communication Ability of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders     

Hiromi KEINO  Atsushi FUNAHASHI  Hiroomi KEINO  Chihiro MIWA  Masanori HOSOKAWA  Yoshihiro HAYASHI  Kenji KAWAKITA 《Journal of Equine Science》2009,20(4):79-88

In this study, we applied a novel psycho-educational horseback riding (PEHR) program to the treatment of four Japanese children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) in order to facilitate the acquisition of verbal and nonverbal communication skills. The behavioral changes in each child were evaluated using a psychological and behavioral scale. The scale for evaluating the effect of Human-Equips-Interaction on Mental activity (HEIM scale) was designed to assess the behavioral improvement of children based on the following 10 items: Human relationships, Imitation, Emotional expression, Sudden physical movement, Fixative behavior, Adaptation to change, Visual response, Fear or nervousness, and Verbal and nonverbal communication. After taking part in the PEHR program for several months, all subjects showed remarkably improved HEIM scores and marked improvements were observed in eye contact with others (instructors, side walkers, and leaders) in the riding area. A statistical difference was found in items 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9. However, no statistical difference was found in items 4, 5, and 10. As the program progressed, the children showed enhanced verbal and nonverbal communication skills, and became more expressive in their emotional and empathetic interaction with their parents. These observations suggest that the normal functioning of pleasurable emotions and empathy may facilitate further improvements in joint attention, imitation and empathy, and may result in successful verbal expression by PDD children. Therefore, horseback riding can play a very important role in the psycho-educational support required for the communication ability of PDD children.  相似文献