Interploid and intraploid hybridizations to produce polyploid Haskap (Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx) plants     

Tomomi Miyashita  Yoichiro Hoshino 《Euphytica》2015,201(1):15-27

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Annual variation of natural 15N abundance in tea leaves and its practicality as an organic tea indicator     

Hayashi N  Ujihara T  Tanaka E  Kishi Y  Ogawa H  Matsuo H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):10317-10321

To obtain basic knowledge about the relationship between the application of organic fertilizers and the δ15N values of leaves of organically grown tea plants, annual variations in the δ15N values of the tea leaves were investigated. Although variations did not immediately arise after the application of organic fertilizers, differences in the δ15N values between organic and conventional cultivations appeared basically after three years from the beginning of the organic cultivation except when an organic fertilizer with a low δ15N value was applied, and the variation depended on the δ15N values of the fertilizers. In addition, the effectiveness of the δ15N values as a practical indicator of organic teas was examined. The tea leaves collected from organic farms did not always have higher δ15N values than the commercially available nonorganic teas. This result demonstrates that it is not easy to discriminate organic teas from nonorganic teas simply by their δ15N values.  相似文献   

Effects of brief exposure of male pheromone on multiple-unit activity at close proximity to kisspeptin neurons in the goat arcuate nucleus     

Murata K  Wakabayashi Y  Sakamoto K  Tanaka T  Takeuchi Y  Mori Y  Okamura H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(2):197-202

Exposure of females to the male pheromone induces pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in goats. Recently, kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) have been suggested to represent the proximate source of the GnRH pulse generator. In this study, we examined the effects of the pheromone on multiple-unit activity (MUA) in female goats fitted with recording electrodes aimed at the ARC kisspeptin neurons. In all eight goats, periodic bursts in MUA (MUA volleys), which were considered to be electrophysiological manifestations of the GnRH pulse generator, were observed. The mean intervolley interval (T) during the control period was calculated in each goat that was then exposed to the male pheromone for 1 sec at timings of 1/4 T, 1/2 T or 3/4 T after one regularly occurring MUA volley. An instantaneous rise in MUA was observed immediately after the exposure regardless of timing. Exposure at a timing of 3/4 T resulted in an MUA volley within 60 sec following the instantaneous rise in all goats. In contrast, an MUA volley was induced in only 2 goats by exposure at 1/2 T, while exposure at 1/4 T failed to induce an MUA volley in any goats. These results suggest that transmission of the pheromone signal to the ARC, represented by an instantaneous rise, activates the GnRH pulse generator. Moreover, the timing-dependent pheromone action in inducing an MUA volley indicates that the GnRH pulse generator has a refractory period for the pheromone signal after the burst.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary energy levels on plasma leptin in sheep     

Tomomi TOKUDA  Carole DELAVAUD  Yves CHILLIARD 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):471-478

This experiment investigates the changes in the plasma leptin levels of sheep fed a diet of three energy levels (low, moderate and high). Four mature wethers were used for this experiment. For the first 4 weeks, the sheep were fed diets to provide 1.2 times the maintenance metabolizable energy requirements, low energy levels (LE). During the second 4 weeks, the sheep were fed diets to provide 1.5 times the maintenance metabolizable energy requirements, moderate energy levels (ME). During third 4‐week period, the sheep were fed a diet to provide 1.8 times the maintenance metabolizable energy requirements, high energy levels (HE). Body weight was determined every week. Blood samples were collected prior to the morning meal at 3 days intervals throughout the experiment, and plasma leptin, insulin and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were assayed. Body weight decreased in week 1 after the start of the experiment, it continued to decrease during the LE feeding, but it gradually increased until the end of HE period. Similarly, plasma leptin concentration decreased during LE feeding, but increased during the HE feeding. Additionally, positive correlation was obtained between leptin and insulin or glucose concentrations, whereas no clear relationship with circulating NEFA was observed. In conclusion, it was suggested that plasma leptin concentrations were affected by the metabolizable energy in feed.  相似文献   

Gelation of low salt soluble proteins from scallop adductor muscle in relation to its freshness     

Tomomi  NIKI  Yuko  KATO  Hisanori  NOZAWA  Nobuo  SEKI 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(3):688-693

ABSTRACT: The low salt extract from scallop striated adductor muscle contained extra proteins in addition to sarcoplasmic proteins and was turned into a gel upon standing or immediately by the addition of Ca²⁺. The amount of extra protein, which was composed of a large amount of actin and a small amount of myosin, decreased with a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in the muscle during storage at 5°C. Actin was easily extracted from scallop myofibrils in low salt solution with ATP at 1 mM or above. Furthermore, ATP was required to induce the gelation of the low salt extract. A visual observation of the gelation of low salt extract is therefore a simple and easy method to inspect prerigor state of scallop adductor muscle.  相似文献   

Comparison of estrogen responsive genes in the mouse uterus, vagina and mammary gland     

Suzuki A  Urushitani H  Watanabe H  Sato T  Iguchi T  Kobayashi T  Ohta Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(7):725-731

Female reproductive organs are mainly regulated by estrogen and progesterone. Specifically, the uterus, vagina and mammary gland show organ-specific mitosis and morphological changes during proliferative events, such as estrous cycle, gestation and lactation. The mechanism underlying these organ-specific estrogen-dependent events is still unknown. We examined, therefore, global gene expression in the mature uterus, vagina and mammary gland of ovariectomized adult mice 6 hr after an injection of 5 microg/kg 17beta-estradiol (E2) using a microarray method in order to identify primary E2-responsive genes. Half of the E2 up-regulated genes in the uterus were similar to those in the vagina. E2 up-regulated the expression of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) genes in the uterus and vagina. In the vagina, E2 up-regulated the expression of IGF binding proteins (Igfbp2 and Igfbp5). In the mammary gland, unlike the uterus and vagina, no gene showed altered expression 6 hr after the E2 exposure. These results suggest that expression of Igf-1 and morphogenesis genes is regulated by E2 in an organ-specific manner, and it is supported by the results of BrdU labeling showing E2-induced mitosis in the uterus and vagina except the mammary gland. The differences in organ specificity in response to E2 may be attributed by differences in gene expression regulated by E2 in female reproductive organs. The candidate estrogen-responsive genes in the uterus and vagina identified by profiling provide an important foundation understanding functional mechanisms of estrogen regulating morphogenesis and maintenance of each reproductive organ.  相似文献   

A "possible" involvement of TNF-alpha in apoptosis induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cats with feline infectious peritonitis     

Takano T  Hohdatsu T  Hashida Y  Kaneko Y  Tanabe M  Koyama H 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,119(2-4):121-131

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) cats show a decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, and a particularly marked decrease in T cells including CD4+ and CD8+ cells. In this study, we showed that lymphopenia observed in FIP cats was due to apoptosis, and that the ascitic fluid, plasma, and culture supernatant of peritoneal exudate cells (adherent cells with macrophage morphology, or PEC) from FIP cats readily induced apoptosis in specific pathogen-free cat peripheral blood mononuclear cells, particularly CD8+ cells. In addition, TNF-alpha released from macrophages and TNF-receptor (TNFR) 1 and TNFR2 mRNA expression in lymphocytes were closely involved in this apoptosis induction. In particular, in CD8+ cells cultured in the presence of the PEC culture supernatant, the expression levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 mRNA were increased, indicating that CD8+ cells are more susceptible to apoptosis induction by TNF-alpha than other lymphocyte subsets, particularly B cells (CD21+ cells). The results of this study suggest that TNF-alpha, produced by virus-infected macrophages, is responsible for induction of apoptosis in uninfected T cells, primarily CD8+ T cells.  相似文献   

Feasibility of radial and circumferential strain analysis using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography in cats     

Hiroshi TAKANO  Tomomi ISOGAI  Takuma AOKI  Yoshito WAKAO  Yoko FUJII 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):193-201

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of strain analysis using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in cats and to evaluate STE variables in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Sixteen clinically healthy cats and 17 cats with HCM were used. Radial and circumferential strain and strain rate variables in healthy cats were measured using STE to assess the feasibility. Comparisons of global strain and strain variables between healthy cats and cats with HCM were performed. Segmental assessments of left ventricle (LV) wall for strain and strain rate variables in cats with HCM were also performed. As a result, technically adequate images were obtained in 97.6% of the segments for STE analysis. Sedation using buprenorphine and acepromazine did not affect any global strain nor strain rate variable. In LV segments of cats with HCM, reduced segmental radial strain and strain rate variables had significantly related with segmental LV hypertrophy. It is concluded that STE analysis using short axis images of LV appeared to be clinically feasible in cats, having the possibility to be useful for detecting myocardial dysfunctions in cats with diseased heart.  相似文献   

Detection of avian-like rotavirus A VP4 from a calf in Japan     

Hiromichi MITAKE  Naoto ITO  Kota OKADERA  Kazuma OKADA  Kento NAKAGAWA  Tomomi TANAKA  Kiyohito KATSURAGI  Kasumi KASAHARA  Toshihide NIHONGI  Hiroshi TSUNEMITSU  Makoto SUGIYAMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):221-224

A total of 568 normal feces from calves on a beef farm in Fukui Prefecture, Japan, in 2011–2012 were examined by RT-semi-nested PCR for rotavirus A (RVA) VP4 genes. Through partial sequencing and BLAST analyses of 84 VP4-positive specimens, we identified an avian-like RVA strain, N2342, which shares highest nucleotide identity (80.0%) with known avian-like bovine strain 993/83, in one specimen. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed a close genetic relationship between N2342 and avian RVAs, suggesting bird-to-cattle transmission. We observed frequent contact of wild birds with calves in the farm, suggesting that these birds were the source of the virus.  相似文献   

Induction of detoxication enzymes in mice by naturally occurring allyl nitrile     

Tanii H  Higashi T  Nishimura F  Higuchi Y  Saijoh K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(23):8993-8996

Little is known about whether glucosinolate-derived nitriles have the ability to increase phase 2 detoxication enzymes and glutathione (GSH) in vivo. In this study, the ability of allyl nitrile, a hydrolysis product of the glucosinolate sinigrin, to increase tissue levels of the phase 2 detoxication enzymes glutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase and GSH in a variety of mouse tissues was examined. At the lowest dose level (11.8 mg/kg/day), allyl nitrile showed inductive ability in the stomach and lungs. At 23.6 mg/kg/day, the inductive effect was observed in the stomach, rectum, urinary bladder, and lungs, whereas at 47.2 mg/kg/day, it was recorded in the stomach, rectum, urinary bladder, kidneys, and lungs. These results show that allyl nitrile displays its maximum potency in the stomach and lungs, which is of interest in light of epidemiological studies demonstrating an inverse association between crucifer intake and the incidence of stomach and lung cancers.  相似文献