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排序方式: 共有137条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
The marine opisthobranch Scaphander lignarius has been analyzed in the systematic search for novel bioactive compounds in Arctic marine organisms using bioassay guided fractionation. A number of highly cytotoxic fractions were shown to contain mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Selected PUFAs were isolated and identified using both liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It was shown that the opisthobranch contained unusual PUFAs such as several ω3 fatty acids and the ω7 heneicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid (21:4 n-7) not isolated before. The organism was shown to be a very rich source of PUFAs and the activity of the isolated compounds against a range of human cancer cell lines (melanoma, colon carcinoma and breast carcinoma) is further reported. The ω7 PUFA was significantly more cytotoxic in comparison with reference ω6 arachidonic and ω3 eicosapentaenoic acid. A noteworthy non-selective cytotoxicity against normal lung fibroblasts was also established. The paper contains isolation protocols in addition to cytotoxicity data of the isolated compounds. The potential of marine mollusks as a source for rare PUFAs is also discussed. 相似文献
62.
In regions with short growth seasons, it is of great importance to use potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seed tubers with a high growth vigour and a short growth cycle. Such qualities may be obtained by treatments advancing the physiological age of the seed tubers. In this study, we have exposed tubers from four cultivars to various combinations of temperature and light conditions (green-sprouting) for 3–7 months in controlled climate. Subsequent sprout quality, seed tuber health and performance were studied in laboratory, greenhouse and field trials. Satisfactory short, sturdy and leafy sprouts were produced even after 7 months storage at 15 °C under light exposure. An assay of black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) on the tuber skin showed that light exposure significantly reduced the occurrence compared with dark-stored tubers, while the average effect of storage temperatures was insignificant. In general, green-sprouting advanced emergence and plant growth by 1–2 weeks, and showed early tuber initiation and growth, compared to untreated material. Yields, 107 days after planting in the field trial, did not deviate significantly from untreated tubers. However, plant development at harvest was in accordance with general responses to physiological ageing of potato seed tubers, i.e. still tall and immature plants from untreated tubers, and short and mature plants from aged tubers. Results demonstrated the possibility of successful long-term storage of potato seed tubers in light at elevated temperatures and a potential for earlier harvests and higher early yields from such treatments. 相似文献
63.
Effects of three commercial diets on growth,cataract development and histopathology of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.)
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Albert K D Imsland Patrick Reynolds Thor Magne Jonassen Thor Arne Hangstad Tor Anders Elvegård Tonje Cecilie Urskog Bjørn Mikalsen 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(9):3131-3141
Three duplicate groups of individually tagged lumpfish (mean initial weight: 20.0 ± 4.0 g) were fed three commercially available diets (A, B and C) for a period of 147 days. There were significant differences in growth rates between the groups with fish fed diet A having the highest growth rates whilst fish fed diet C achieved the lowest growth. Lumpfish fed diets A and B had lower prevalence and severity of cataracts compared with fish fed diet C, suggesting a possible dietary effect on cataract, alone or in combination with other environmental factors. There was a significant difference in the degree of liver vacuolization between the three dietary treatments at the end of the study period with fish fed diets A and B showing moderate to severe vacuolization compared with liver tissue from fish fed diet C, which had milder vacuolizations. There was little or no inflammation in pyloric caeca, midgut and hindgut and similarly for epithelial necrosis or vacuolization for all three dietary treatments at the end of the study. Fish fed diet A had the longest intestinal folds whilst fish fed diet C had the shortest. 相似文献
64.
Carlos G. das Neves Swaantje Roth Espen Rimstad Etienne Thiry Morten Tryland 《Veterinary microbiology》2010
Herpesviruses of the genus Varicellovirus are known to infect and cause disease in a variety of ruminant species, but the impact of cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV2) in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is mostly unknown. Reindeer is a circum-polar species with a total estimated number of more than 5 million animals. Mortality may reach high values, as in northern Norway, especially in calves (37%; 2005–2006), and disease can potentially account for some of this mortality. CvHV2 has been isolated during a natural outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis, indicating an etiologal link. Serological screening has shown that CvHV2 infection is prevalent in Northern Norway and experimental infection studies have demonstrated that viremia, latency and vertical transmission occur for CvHV2. The present review aims at summarizing current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and molecular virology of CvHV2. 相似文献
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Summary The changes in polypeptide profiles (2D-PAGE) occurring in the soluble and microsomal fractions of parenchymatic tissue of
potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers were studied during the last 30 d of maturation and during storage at 23°C and 3°C. The major changes were observed
in the last period of tuber maturation, when several polypeptides disappeared and new ones appeared. At both 23°C and 3°C
specific polypeptides disappeared in dormant tubers and new polypeptides appeared during storage. At 3°C specific changes
in protein composition occurred, particularly in the microsomal fraction. The changes in polypeptide profiles are discussed
in relation to the transition from “sink” to “source” of the tuber, the onset of dormancy and of sprouting ability and the
activation of cold acclimation responses. The results are also discussed on the basis of the physiological and biochemical
changes that occur in the parenchymatic tissue. 相似文献
68.
L. Espen S. Morgutti A. Abruzzese N. Negrini A. Rivetta M. M. Quattrini M. Cocucci S. M. Cocucci 《Potato Research》1999,42(1):189-201
Summary In the last 30 d of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber growth metabolic activity decreased. Levels of glucose-6-P and sucrose in whole tuber tissues declined and in tuber
slices there was a decrease in the uptake from the medium and in the incorporation into macromolecules of [U-14C]sucrose. During storage at 23°C only the uptake of [U-14C]sucrose increased concomitant with tuber sprouting, indicating a possible involvement of the transport mechanisms in dormancy
breaking. At 3°C, levels of reducing sugars and sucrose increased in response to the low temperature and increased release
of K+ and malondialdehyde levels indicated cell membrane damage. The cell membrane functionality was restored at sprouting. The
sprouting potential of the tubers was evaluated using the sprouting ability of single-bud explants (“seedcores”) in response
to water, GA3 or ABA dips. This sprouting potential of tubers changed with stage of tuber growth and storage duration and temperature,
indicating that the tissue hormonal state changed strongly throughout tuber life, probably in relation with the “sink” to
“source” transition. 相似文献
69.
Espen Sannes Sørensen Constantin Jansen Susanne Windju Jose Crossa Anna Kristina Sonesson Morten Lillemo Muath Alsheikh 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(1):41-53
Genomic selection is a promising breeding methodology that could increase selection accuracy and intensity and reduce generation interval. As the cost of genotyping decreases, it will be important to optimize training populations for costly phenotypic experiments for many complex traits. The aim of this research was to evaluate different optimization strategies, by using historical data from the Norwegian oat breeding programme at Graminor. In this paper, we focus on the optimization criteria: genetic diversity, phenotypic variance and genetic similarity between the training and testing populations. The four training population strategies—prediction core, diversity core, phenotypic selection and random selection—were applied to an oat candidate population of 1124 lines. An independent testing population was used to calculate the mean prediction abilities for the traits days to heading and plant height. Moreover, the strategies were tested in three independent wheat populations. The results showed that prediction core was the most promising strategy to select training populations with high genetic similarity to the testing set, high genetic diversity, and high phenotypic variance, which resulted in higher prediction ability across population sizes and traits. 相似文献
70.
The role of monooxygenases in detoxification of the pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin was examined. Four strains of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer) with normal or moderately reduced sensitivity towards the pyrethroids were tested in bioassays by exposure to the pyrethroid alone and in combination with an oxygenase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO). The normal (baseline) sensitivity was considered as the sensitivity range for the two most sensitive strains. Pre‐treatment with PBO elevated the sensitivity (P < 0.01) compared with groups exposed to the pyrethroid only. A positive, but not statistically significant, correlation between the activity of haem peroxidases and the pyrethroid concentration immobilizing 50% of the parasites was demonstrated (ρ = 0.500 for deltamethrin and ρ = 0.310 for cypermethrin). The results indicate that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are involved in detoxification of pyrethroids in sea lice. 14C‐Deltamethrin was absorbed in a lesser amount in a group of sea lice exposed to a mixture of the compound and PBO than in a group exposed to 14C‐deltamethrin alone. A significant difference could be demonstrated both immediately after exposure (P < 0.01) and 24 h after exposure (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups pre‐treated with PBO and groups exposed to 14C‐deltamethrin only. 14C‐Deltamethrin was taken up mainly through the cuticle, especially the cuticle on the extremities of the ventral surface, and subsequently distributed throughout the body of the parasite. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献