Isolation of an equine coronavirus from adult horses with pyrogenic and enteric disease and its antigenic and genomic characterization in comparison with the NC99 strain     

Oue Y  Ishihara R  Edamatsu H  Morita Y  Yoshida M  Yoshima M  Hatama S  Murakami K  Kanno T 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,150(1-2):41-48

A new equine coronavirus was isolated from the feces of adult horses with pyrogenic and enteric disease. The disease outbreak was mainly observed among 2- to 4-year-old horses living in stables of a draft-horse racetrack in Japan. On comparing the isolated virus (isolate Tokachi09) with the equine coronavirus NC99 strain, no significant differences were observed in several biological properties such as hemagglutinating activity, antigenicity (in indirect immunofluorescence and neutralization tests), and one-step growth (in cell culture). The sequences of the nucleocapsid and spike genes of isolate Tokachi09 showed identical size (1341 and 4092 nucleotides, 446 and 1363 amino acids, respectively) and high similarity (98.0% and 99.0% at the nucleotides, 97.3% and 99.0% at the amino acids, respectively) to those of strain NC99. However, the isolate had a 185-nucleotide deletion from four bases after the 3'-terminal end of the spike gene, resulting in the absence of the open reading frame predicted to encode a 4.7-kDa nonstructural protein in strain NC99. These results suggest that the 4.7-kDa nonstructural protein is not essential for viral replication, at least in cell culture, and that the Japanese strain probably originated from a different lineage to the North American strain. This is the first equine coronavirus to be isolated from adult horses with pyrogenic and enteric disease.  相似文献   

Expression analysis of the type I keratin protein keratin 33A in goat coat hair     

Michinari YOKOHAMA  Kenta WADA  Masaru FUJITA  Mai KOTANI  Yoshio NAGURA  Masako KANNO  Kou NOMURA  Takashi AMANO  Yoshiaki KIKKAWA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(6):773-781

The coat of a goat, like that of many mammalian species, consists of an outer coat of coarse hairs and an under coat of fine, downy hairs. The coarse guard hairs are produced by primary follicles and the finer cashmere hairs by secondary follicles. We previously reported that hair keratins are components of cashmere hair, and proteomic analysis revealed that their expression is elevated in winter coat hair. To determine detailed characterization, we have cloned keratin 33A gene, a major highly expressed keratin in winter, and then analyzed the expression of goat hair coat. By Western analysis, we detected that keratin 33A protein is expressed only in hair coat among the various goat tissues. Moreover, the expression level in winter has increased in cashmere high‐producing Korean native breed, whereas the expression levels between summer and winter had not changed in cashmere low‐producing Saanen. In addition, by immunohistochemistry we determined that keratin 33A is localized in the major cortex portion of cashmere fiber. These results confirm that keratin 33A is a structural protein of goat cashmere hair fiber.  相似文献   

Therapeutic effect of anti-TNF-α antibody and levofloxacin (LVFX) in a mouse model of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 infection     

Emiko Isogai  Hiroshi Isogai  Kimiharu Hirose  Toru Kubota  Koichi Kimura  Nobuhiro Fujii  Shunji Hayashi  Koichi Takeshi  Keiji Oguma 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2001,24(4)

The ability of an anti-TNF-α antibody to confer protection against enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 was investigated in germfree IQI mice. The use of an antibiotic levofloxacin (LVFX) alone or with the antibody was also studied. Protection included an increase in survival rate. Treatment with the anti-TNF-α antibody inhibited the histological signs associated with EHEC infection but did not prevent the colonization of EHEC or production of Shiga toxin (Stx). No clinical signs were observed and EHEC was completely eliminated in the mouse model receiving both anti-TNF-α antibody and LVFX. Anti-TNF-α antibody suppressed inflammatory cytokine response in the mouse kidney and brain by EHEC infection.  相似文献   

Reduction of urinary nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry by feeding a low protein diet supplemented with apple pomace to growing pigs     

Akemi YAMAMOTO  Minoru ITOH  Yoshikatsu KADOYA  Hirokazu KANNO  Michi YAMADA  Shu FURUYA 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(4):301-304

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing a reduced crude protein (CP) diet with apple pomace on the urinary nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry in the growing pigs. Four barrows (35 kg bodyweight) were assigned to one of two diets. Each pig was placed in a metabolism cage and fed a low CP, amino acid-supplemented diet (CP 11.33%; low CP diet) or a low CP, amino acid-supplemented diet containing 23.08% dried apple pomace (CP 9.47%; apple pomace diet) for two 14-day experimental periods. After the completion of the first period, the pigs were switched to the other diet. Urine and feces were quantitatively collected daily for 5 days after a 9-day adaptation period. The daily nitrogen intake for the low CP diet and the apple pomace diet was 17.76 g/pig and 18.64 g/pig, respectively. The pigs fed the apple pomace diet excreted more fecal nitrogen (6.86 g/day) than the pigs fed the low CP diet (3.63 g/day) ( P  < 0.001), but urinary nitrogen excretion with the apple pomace diet was 3.11 g/day, which was much lower than that for the low CP diet (5.95 g/day) ( P  < 0.001). The daily ammonia emission from the mixture of urine and feces determined by an in vitro method was much lower for pigs fed the apple pomace diet (120 mg) than that for pigs fed the low CP diet (603 mg) ( P  < 0.01). The addition of apple pomace to a reduced CP, amino acid-supplemented diet reduces urinary nitrogen excretion and thereby ammonia emission.  相似文献   

Effect of ovary lipid from Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) on brain monoamines in rats     

Ookawa K  Mochizuki K  Shida E  Suzuki T  Suzuki T  Ooba T  Matumoto T  Hokari Y  Yokogoshi H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(6):593-598

In our previous experiments with rats, ovary lipid from Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) (OLS) was shown to have a mitigating effect on anxiety and/or fear in elevated T-maze tests. This suggests that OLS has some effect on the central nervous system (CNS) of rats. Thus, we performed experiments to examine the status of CNS in rats given OLS. The effect of OLS on chronic stress was also examined at the same time. The feed for control rats used oil and fat that have the same energy percentages for n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and the same n-6/n-3 ratio as OLS. As a result, rats given OLS for 28 days had lower serotonin levels in various brain areas regardless of stress application, showing that OLS affected the serotonin nervous system. From this, it was inferred that the ability of OLS to mitigate anxiety and/or fear resulted from its action on CNS, especially the serotonin nervous system. Substances other than the essential fatty acids may have been responsible for the action of OLS on monoamines and the metabolites. The effect of OLS on CNS, especially the serotonin nervous system, suggests that OLS may suppress anxiety.  相似文献   

Zygotic gene activation and maternal factors in mammals     

Minami N  Suzuki T  Tsukamoto S 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):707-715

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Isolation of a Megatrypanum trypanosome from sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Japan     

Hatama S  Shibahara T  Suzuki M  Kadota K  Uchida I  Kanno T 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,149(1-2):56-64

A trypanosome was isolated from a sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido, Japan, during the primary culture of sika deer renal cells. This is the first report of isolation of a Megatrypanum trypanosome from Japanese Cervidae. The trypanosome, designated TSD1, was propagated and maintained in Eagle's modified essential medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum with sika deer renal cells as feeder. The TSD1 trypanosome was morphometrically similar to Trypanosoma cervi, which is commonly isolated from American and European deer. PCR analysis with primers for 18S ribosomal DNA and nucleotide sequencing showed that TSD1 is a member of genus Trypanosoma, subgenus Megatrypanum. Phylogenetically TSD1 is closely related to T. theileri, a common trypanosome of cattle, but is distinguishable from T. theileri by some morphometrical and biological features.  相似文献   

Monitoring saline intrusion in the Ayeyarwady Delta,Myanmar, using data from the Sentinel-2 satellite mission     

Sakai  Toru  Omori  Keisuke  Oo  Aung Naing  Zaw  Yan Naung 《Paddy and Water Environment》2021,19(2):283-294

Paddy and Water Environment - Summer rice cannot be grown near the coast of the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar, because of the high salinity in river water during the dry season. This means that saline...  相似文献   

Irradiation history of Itokawa regolith material deduced from noble gases in the Hayabusa samples     

Nagao K  Okazaki R  Nakamura T  Miura YN  Osawa T  Bajo K  Matsuda S  Ebihara M  Ireland TR  Kitajima F  Naraoka H  Noguchi T  Tsuchiyama A  Yurimoto H  Zolensky ME  Uesugi M  Shirai K  Abe M  Yada T  Ishibashi Y  Fujimura A  Mukai T  Ueno M  Okada T  Yoshikawa M  Kawaguchi J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6046):1128-1131

Noble gas isotopes were measured in three rocky grains from asteroid Itokawa to elucidate a history of irradiation from cosmic rays and solar wind on its surface. Large amounts of solar helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar) trapped in various depths in the grains were observed, which can be explained by multiple implantations of solar wind particles into the grains, combined with preferential He loss caused by frictional wear of space-weathered rims on the grains. Short residence time of less than 8 million years was implied for the grains by an estimate on cosmic-ray-produced (21)Ne. Our results suggest that Itokawa is continuously losing its surface materials into space at a rate of tens of centimeters per million years. The lifetime of Itokawa should be much shorter than the age of our solar system.  相似文献   

Fractal analysis of ice crystals in frozen food     

Hagiwara T  Wang H  Suzuki T  Takai R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(11):3085-3089

Fractal analysis of the morphology of ice crystal particles in frozen food was attempted for frozen soybean curd (tofu). From a microscopic image analysis of the ice crystal particles, it was found that the perimeter of the ice crystal particles could be recognized as a fractal. Effects of the storage time and storage temperature on the fractal dimension (d(p)) of the perimeter of the ice crystal particles were also investigated. As storage time was increased, the d(p) value tended to decrease. When the storage temperature was increased, the value of d(p) decreased more rapidly. The changes corresponded to the visual observation of the shape change for the ice crystal particles during storage reported by many researchers, suggesting that the fractal dimension d(p) could be used as a quantitative indicator reflecting the surface roughness of ice crystal particles.  相似文献