Analysis of forest structural complexity using airborne LiDAR data and aerial photography in a mixed conifer–broadleaf forest in northern Japan     

Sadeepa Jayathunga  Toshiaki Owari  Satoshi Tsuyuki 《林业研究》2018,(2)

Determining forest structural complexity,i.e.,a measure of the number of different attributes of a forest and the relative abundance of each attribute,is important for forest management and conservation.In this study,we examined the structural complexity of mixed conifer–broadleaf forests by integrating multiple forest structural attributes derived from airborne Li DAR data and aerial photography.We sampled 76 plots from an unmanaged mixed conifer–broadleaf forest reserve in northern Japan.Plot-level metrics were computed for all plots using both field and remote sensing data to assess their ability to capture the vertical and horizontal variations of forest structure.A multivariate set of forest structural attributes that included three Li DAR metrics(95 th percentile canopy height,canopy density and surface area ratio) and one image metric(proportion of broadleaf cover),was used to classify forest structure into structural complexity classes.Our results revealed significant correlation between field and remote sensing metrics,indicating that these two sets of measurements captured similar patterns of structure in mixed conifer–broadleaf forests.Further,cluster analysis identified six forest structural complexity classes includingtwo low-complexity classes and four high-complexity classes that were distributed in different elevation ranges.In this study,we could reliably analyze the structural complexity of mixed conifer–broadleaf forests using a simple and easy to calculate set of forest structural attributes derived from airborne Li DAR data and high-resolution aerial photography.This study provides a good example of the use of airborne Li DAR data sets for wider purposes in forest ecology as well as in forest management.  相似文献   

Fast‐to‐slow shift of muscle fiber‐type composition by dietary apple polyphenols in rats: Impact of the low‐dose supplementation          下载免费PDF全文

Wataru Mizunoya  Shinpei Okamoto  Hideo Miyahara  Mariko Akahoshi  Takahiro Suzuki  Mai‐Khoi Q. Do  Hideaki Ohtsubo  Yusuke Komiya  Mulan Qahar  Toshiaki Waga  Koichi Nakazato  Yoshihide Ikeuchi  Judy E. Anderson  Ryuichi Tatsumi 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(3):489-499

Our previous studies demonstrated that an 8‐week intake of 5% (w/w) apple polyphenol (APP) in the diet improves muscle endurance of young‐adult rats. In order to identify a lower limit of the dietary contribution of APP to the effect, the experiments were designed for lower‐dose supplementation (8‐week feeding of 0.5% APP in AIN‐93G diet) to 12‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Results clearly showed that the 0.5% APP diet significantly up‐regulates slower myosin‐heavy‐chain (MyHC) isoform ratios (IIx and IIa relative to total MyHC) and myoglobin expression in lower hind‐limb muscles examined (P < 0.05). There was a trend to increased fatigue resistance detected from measurements of relative isometric plantar‐flexion force torque generated by a stimulus train delivered to the tibial nerve (F(98, 1372) = 1.246, P = 0.0574). Importantly, there was no significant difference in the animal body‐phenotypes or locomotor activity shown as total moving distance in light and dark periods. Therefore, the present study encourages the notion that even low APP‐intake may increase the proportions of fatigue‐resistant myofibers, and has promise as a strategy for modifying performance in human sports and improving function in age‐related muscle atrophy.  相似文献   

DAS-ELISA quantification of resting spores of Olpidium virulentus in roots and correlation between resting spore density in soil and severity of lettuce big-vein disease     

Koji Nomiyama  Takahide Sasaya  Hiroyuki Sekiguchi  Keisuke Tomioka  Hideki Osaki  Minoru Takeshita  Toshiaki Takehara  Naruto Furuya  Kenichi Tsuchiya 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2015,81(3):243-248

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Producibility and digestibility of antihypertensive beta-casein tripeptides, Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro, in the gastrointestinal tract: analyses using an in vitro model of mammalian gastrointestinal digestion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ohsawa K  Satsu H  Ohki K  Enjoh M  Takano T  Shimizu M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):854-858

Val-Pro-Pro (VPP) and Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP) are antihypertensive tripeptides isolated from milk fermented with Lactobacillus helveticus and inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). We investigated whether these peptides were generated from beta-casein by digestive enzymes and whether they were resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis, using an in vitro model. VPP and IPP were not generated from beta-casein by gastrointestinal enzymes; instead, a number of longer peptides including VPP and IPP sequences were detected. The fermentation step would therefore be necessary to produce these antihypertensive tripeptides. VPP and IPP themselves were hardly digested by digestive enzymes, suggesting that orally administered VPP and IPP remain intact in the intestine, retaining their activity until adsorption. The present study also demonstrated that various functional peptide sequences in beta-casein were resistant to gastrointestinal enzymes. There may be a strong correlation between the resistance of peptides to gastrointestinal digestion and their real physiological effects after oral administration.  相似文献   

The ability of a carriages developed for a mobile tower yarder: A comparison of the hauling force and walking time in a line pulling out process     

Damrong Sripraram  Toshiaki Tasaka 《Journal of Forest Research》1999,4(4):255-259

The ability of a newly developed carriage equipped with a remote control lock and self line extraction system manufactured by Oikawa motors Co., Ltd. was analyzed. The study investigated the reduction of the work load of the choker setter in the haul line-pulling out process of a cable logging system by a mobile tower yarder. The main objective was to compare the walking time, pulling out time, and the tension force using the three types of cable setting method, a running skyline with a simple carriage, a fixed skyline with a simple carriage and a fixed skyline with a newly developed carriage. The measuring of haul line pulling out was conducted on different slope gradients at different distances from the tower spar by four choker setters. The study showed that choker setters could reduce the force exerted by about 33%, and a decrease in the heart beat rate of 12%, when using the fixed skyline with the newly developed carriage as opposed to the running skyline with the simple carriage. The fixed skyline with the newly developed carriage resulted in more pulling speed than the running skyline with the simple carriage on the slope gradient of over 2° and the fixed skyline with simple carriage on the slope gradient of over 7°. With the newly developed carriage the pulling tension, time and heart rate are lower, when the haul line is pulled out. Thus it can be concluded that the new carriage is more productive than the simple carriage in the line pulling out process.  相似文献   

苜蓿改良的盐碱土壤施肥对小麦的效应研究--II.对小麦生理特性的影响     

刘孟雨  但野利秋  刘会灵 《中国生态农业学报》1998,6(4):30-32

盐栽试验结果表明,苜蓿改良的盐碱土壤施N肥能使小麦旗叶叶水势升高,叶片水分保持较好,叶绿素总含量提高l3％～80％(以叶绿素b为主),叶片光合速率和蒸腾强度增加,蒸腾效率提高,施N肥配合补P肥效果更好,这些变化构成了在该类地区施N肥补P肥增产的生理基础。  相似文献   

Milky hemolymph syndrome associated with an intranuclear bacilliform virus in snow crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chionoecetes opilio</Emphasis> from the Sea of Japan     

Toshi Kon  Tadashi Isshiki  Toshiaki Miyadai  Yoshiharu Honma 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(6):999-1007

Milky hemolymph syndrome (MHS) is a previously undescribed disease in snow crab Chionoecetes opilio. Outbreaks of this disease occurred in reared and wild populations from the Sea of Japan when the water temperature was 2–3°C. The common symptom of the disease was a distinct milky or opaque coloration of the hemolymph. Some severely affected crabs also showed yellow or ivory discoloration on the ventral shell and uncalcification of the arthrodial membranes of walking legs. Histopathological changes consisted of widespread cellular degeneration characterized by enlarged nuclei with marginal hyperchromatosis and basophilic intranuclear inclusions in the interstitial connective tissues of various organs. Electron microscopy analyses of degenerated cells revealed a nonoccluded, enveloped bacilliform virus within the nuclei. The virus morphologically resembles white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or unassigned intranuclear bacilliform viruses (IBVs) reported from other crustaceans. However, we could not detect WSSV from diseased tissues by PCR using WSSV-specific primers, and the tissues targeted by the virus differed from those targeted by IBVs. This is the first report of a virus from the genus Chionoecetes. Thus, we have tentatively designated the virus presumably associated with MHS as Chionoecetes opilio bacilliform virus (CoBV) until its relationship with other crustacean viruses can be clarified.  相似文献   

Monthly changes in the serum levels of two choriogenins and vitellogenin in male masu salmon <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus masou</Emphasis>     

Toshiaki Fujita  Haruhisa Fukada  Munetaka Shimizu  Naoshi Hiramatsu  Akihiko Hara 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1198-1200

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Molecular sexing of Japanese cormorants used for traditional fishing on the Nagara River in Gifu City   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Miho INOUE-MURAYAMA  Yuko UEDA  Tetsuji YAMASHITA  Chizuko NISHIDA-UMEHARA  Yoichi MATSUDA  Toshiaki MASEGI  Shin'ichi ITO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(5):417-420

The Japanese cormorants used in traditional fishing in Japan are wild derived and their sex cannot be determined from their appearance. Applicability of molecular sex determination based on the size difference between CHD1Z and CHD1W introns was confirmed in male and female Japanese cormorants whose sexes had been ascertained by pathological autopsy. All of 21 birds of unknown sex reared by a cormorant fishing master were identified as males. The molecular sexing method will provide valuable information on sex differences of wild Japanese cormorants, including tameness, trainability, behavior and fishing capability, as well as for future trials involving artificial reproduction.  相似文献   

Proliferative potential of a spinal nephroblastoma in a young dog     

Ohta G  Kobayashi M  Sakai H  Masegi T  Yanai T 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(1):79-82

The proliferative potential of a spinal nephroblastoma was studied in a young dog. A 4-month-old, female golden retriever showed developing deterioration in her gait and subsequent paralysis of her hind legs. At necropsy, a well-demarcated grayish brown tumor mass was found in the lumbar spinal cord segments between L2 and L3. Histologically, a blastemal cell tumor with a tubule- or glomeruli-like structure was found to be infiltrating intradurally. Proliferating cells at the S-phase, assessed using the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling method, were seen occasionally in the tubular cells and glomeruli-like structures and were frequently seen in the blastemal cells. Immunohistochemically, the tubular epithelial cells were positive for cytokeratin, and the blastemal cells were positive for vimentin. The present tumor showed a high potential for growth and invasion, which suggests that it the potential to expand into the adjacent spinal cord.  相似文献