Whole-body heat transfer coefficient and body temperature change of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thunnus orientalis</Emphasis> according to growth     

Toshihiko Kubo  Wataru Sakamoto  Osamu Murata  Hidemi Kumai 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):995-1004

Bluefin tuna maintain a higher body temperature than ambient sea water. Body heat is derived mainly from metabolic heat to elevate and maintain regional body temperature that is higher than the ambient, while heat loss is caused by heat transfer throughout the whole body surface and gills. Retention of high body temperature is thought to differ at each growth stage, so that a larger body mass maintains a higher body temperature. We evaluated the whole-body heat transfer coefficient, thermal difference between each tissue and water temperature, and metabolic heat in tissues during swimming of juvenile bluefin tuna as a function of fork length (FL) using a small thermometer and a treadmill-type flow tank. A system for maintaining high body temperature was well developed in fish with FL greater than 20.0 cm. Whole-body heat transfer coefficient was fitted to a −0.695 power of mass. Juvenile bluefin tuna showed a transition speed of 3.0 FL/s at which they switched from aerobic to anaerobic motion.  相似文献   

Direct enzyme immunoassay of progesterone in bovine plasma   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Naoki ISOBE  Toshihiko NAKAO 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(5):369-373

The present study was undertaken to develop a novel, practical and simple procedure for enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of plasma progesterone in cows. Diluted plasma was heated for 70°C for 30 min and applied directly to wells of a microtitre plate without extraction. Then plasma was incubated with antiprogesterone antibody and horseradish peroxidase‐labeled progesterone. The sensitivity of the assay was estimated as 4.4 pg/mL (0.11 pg/well). The intra‐assay and interassay coefficients of variation were 5.7–19.1% and 6.6–19.3%, respectively. When 0.3, 1 and 3 ng of progesterone were added to plasma, the recovery rates ranged between 79.9 and 108.4%. Only 4 h were needed to complete an assay to measure progesterone concentration. To apply the present direct EIA, progesterone concentration in plasma was assayed in crossbred cows used for the embryo transfer program. During insertion of controlled‐internal drug release (CIDR), progesterone concentrations were kept at a high level, although the removal of CIDR with treatment of dinoprost trometamine reduced progesterone concentration drastically. These results suggest that the present direct EIA is a practical and suitable method for measuring the plasma concentration of progesterone.  相似文献   

Successful introduction of modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia in a bovine referral center     

Miho Hiraoka  Toshiharu Miyagawa  Hayato Kobayashi  Toshihiko Takahashi  Hiroaki Kishi  Hiroshi Kobayashi  Inhyung Lee 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2007,8(2):181-184

This study describes the successful use of modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia with a fixed volume of anesthetic in a bovine referral center. Among the 130 Holstein cattle scheduled for flank surgery, 90 cattle received a mixed anesthetic consisting of 1 ml of xylazine hydrochloride and 3 ml of lidocaine hydrochloride by modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia. Eighteen cattle with dehydration and/or lameness received a mixed anesthetic containing 0.5 ml of xylazine and 3 ml of lidocaine. Infiltration anesthesia was performed in 22 cattle whose epidural space could not be reached in order to perform the flank surgery. The surgeries began about 12 min after the administration of the anesthetic and lasted for about 36 min. The modified method using a fixed volume of anesthetic was successfully introduced and effectively used in a bovine referral center. This modified method will allow veterinarians to save time and effort, thus lowering the cost of each surgery.  相似文献   

Insecticidal effect of phthalides and furanocoumarins from Angelica acutiloba against Drosophila melanogaster     

Miyazawa M  Tsukamoto T  Anzai J  Ishikawa Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(14):4401-4405

Insecticidal activity of Angelica acutiloba extract and its constituents was investigated and compared with that of rotenone. Bioassay-guided isolation of the chloroform extract of A. acutiloba against larvae of Drosophila melanogaster afforded two phthalides, (Z)-butylidenephthalide (1) and (Z)-ligustilide (2), and two furanocoumarins, xanthotoxin (3) and isopimpinellin (4). The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 exhibited LC(50) values of 0.94, 2.54, 3.35, and 0.82 micromol/mL of diet concentration against larvae of D. melanogaster, respectively. Against both sexes (males/females, 1:1) of adults (5-7 days old), compound 1 showed the most potent activity with a LD(50) value of 0.84 microg/adult. Compound 1 is a more active insecticide than rotenone (LD(50) = 3.68 microg/adult) and has potential as a novel insect control agent. However, compound 2 was inactive against adults. The structure-activity relationship of phthalides isolated indicated that the aromaticity appeared to play an important role in the activity of both larvae and adults. To determine the insecticide mode of action for acute adulticidal activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity was also investigated in vitro, and the result indicated that the acute adulticidal activity of compounds 3 and 4 was due to the inhibition of AChE.  相似文献   

Ecotypic variation of water-soluble carbohydrate concentration and winter hardiness in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.)     

Yasuharu Sanada  Tomoyuki Takai  Toshihiko Yamada 《Euphytica》2007,153(1-2):267-280

The variation of the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration in foliage and stubble and winter hardiness among cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) ecotypes originated from diverse countries were studied in the field in order to find a breeding material for the improvement of WSC. The total WSC concentration of foliage was found to be highest in Japanese cultivars and lowest in ecotypes from northern Europe in summer and autumn. The variation of fructan concentration in stubble among ecotypes was larger than the variation of mono and disaccharide concentrations in stubble and that of total WSC concentration in foliage in both winters over which this study was conducted. The total WSC and fructan concentrations in the stubble of ecotypes from Spain and southern Europe, derived from the Mediterranean region, were highest in summer. Ecotypes from Japan showed the highest concentration of total WSC in stubble, and were especially high in fructan concentration in autumn. Ecotypes from France, central Europe and central Asia, like Japanese cultivars, also showed a high fructan concentration. The latitude of origin was negatively correlated with WSC concentration and plant vigor in autumn. The altitude of origin was negatively correlated with plant vigor in autumn and positively correlated with fructan concentration in stubble, winter hardiness and snow endurance. Typhula snow blight resistance was related with the amount of the increase in fructan in the plants and with their growth habits in autumn. The fructan concentration of foliage and stubble in autumn was found to be closely related with winter hardiness in cocksfoot ecotypes. A breeding material which has a high WSC concentration in the foliage could not be found among the ecotypes in this study. However, some ecotypes that showed disease resistance, good winter hardiness and plant vigor would be useful as breeding materials for Hokkaido.  相似文献   

Analysis of Ferulic and p‐Coumaric Acids in Japanese Rice for Sake Brewing     

Katsumi Hashizume  Toshihiko Ito  Airi Nakayama  Masaki Okuda 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(1):45-49

Ferulic and p‐coumaric acids were analyzed in 50 rice (Oryza sativa L.) samples from 32 cultivars harvested in Japan. In brown rice, ferulic and p‐coumaric acid levels ranged from 309 to 607 mg/kg and from 49 to 100 mg/kg, respectively. In 70% polished rice, ferulic and p‐coumaric acid levels ranged from 27 to 103 mg/kg and from 0.4 to 3.5 mg/kg, respectively. Ratios of average phenolic acid levels in the 70% polished rice to the brown rice were 13.9% for ferulic acid and 1.9% for p‐coumaric acid. The ferulic acid level was highly correlated between brown and 70% polished rice (R = 0.815; P < 0.01), but there was no clear correlation for p‐coumaric acid. Phenolic acid levels in the 70% polished rice did not show any clear correlations between the analytical index measurements for sake brewing suitability (weight of 1,000 grains, water absorption, digestibility, crude protein, and potassium content). Phenolic acid levels in the 70% polished rice directly affected levels in the rice koji enzyme digest. The results indicated that phenolic acid levels in sake were affected by the levels in ingredient rice grains, which may then influence the sensory quality of sake.  相似文献   

Changes in qualities and quantities of consecutively ejaculated feline semen     

Oba H  Saito Y  Mizutani T  Toyonaga M  Tsutsui T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(2):245-247

Cats show repeated copulation, but changes in semen qualities and quantities with repetition of ejaculation have not previously been clarified. We collected semen 4 times consecutively from 5 cats using the artificial vagina method and observed the semen qualities and quantities. No significant changes were noted in the semen volume, frequency of abnormal sperm or incidence of immature sperm, but the number of sperm and sperm motility and viability decreased with repetition, and in particular, the number of sperm in the first semen accounted for 55.0% of the total number in the 4 consecutive ejaculations, showing a significant difference from those in the 2nd-4th semen (P<0.01).  相似文献   

Surgical intrauterine insemination with cat semen cryopreserved with Orvus ES paste or sodium lauryl sulfate     

Tsutsui T  Mizutani T  Matsubara Y  Toyonaga M  Oba H  Hori T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(2):259-262

The mean post-thaw sperm motilities of feline frozen semen prepared with 1% OEP or 3 g/ml SLS as a cryoprotective agent, in addition to 7% glycerin, were 35.0 ± 2.4 and 37.0 ± 2.5%, respectively, showing no significant difference. On unilateral intrauterine insemination (UIUI) using these semen samples at a sperm number of 40 × 10(6), the conception rate was 70.0% (7/10) in the OEP group and 30% (3/10) in the SLS group, showing that the rate was higher in the OEP group, but the difference was not significant. It was suggested that sperm in frozen semen showing the above qualities were transferred to the contralateral uterine horn on UIUI.  相似文献   

Characterisation of the carboxylesterase enzyme cauxin in the seminal fluid of the cat     

Miyazaki M  Miyazaki T  Toyonaga M  Tsutsui T  Taira H  Yamashita T  Suzuki A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,(3):378-382

The carboxylesterase cauxin is a major urinary protein in cats that is also found in seminal fluid (SF). This study investigated cauxin in feline SF including biochemical features, concentration, distribution and gene expression in epididymal tissue, and its reaction with acylglycerol substrates.Monomeric, dimeric, and/or multimeric forms of cauxin carrying N-glycosylations were detected on Western blots of feline SF but most were monomeric. Cauxin concentrations were markedly lower in SF (0.042 ± 0.020 mg/mL) than in urine (∼0.5 mg/mL) and cauxin gene expression was 60-fold lower in the epididymis than in the kidney. Immunohistochemical examination localised cauxin within the stereocilia and cytoplasm of epithelial cells lining the caput and corpus epididymis. Cauxin-positive spermatozoa were detected in the lumen of the cauda epididymis but not in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cell lining. Using an in vitro assay, cauxin hydrolysed saturated 1-mono- but not di- and tri-acylglycerols. The results suggest that cauxin secreted from the caput and corpus epididymis acts as an esterase on lipid within feline SF.  相似文献   

Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the seminal plasma of normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic Beagles     

Kawakami E  Takemura A  Sakuma M  Takano M  Hirano T  Hori T  Tsutsui T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(2):133-136

We measured the blood plasma testosterone (T) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in the seminal plasma of the ejaculates of 5 normal (2-5 years old) and 5 asthenozoospermic (AZ-) (3-5 years old) Beagles. Sperm ejaculated by AZ-dogs was incubated for 3 hr in Eagle's MEM only (controls) or Eagle's MEM containing 100 units/ml of SOD or catalase. Sperm motility was examined during incubation. The mean (+/- SE) plasma T level of the AZ-dogs (1.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) was significantly lower than in the normal dogs (2.5 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) (P<0.005). The mean (+/- SE) seminal plasma SOD and catalase activities (18.8 +/- 1.9 and 0.5 +/- 0.1 unit/g protein, respectively) were significantly lower in the AZ-dogs than in the normal dog (43.3 +/- 2.5 and 2.2 +/- 0.4 unit/g protein, respectively) (P<0.001 and 0.01, respectively). The motility of sperm incubated in Eagle's MEM containing SOD or catalase was significantly higher than that of control sperm incubated in only Eagle's MEM after 2 or 3 hr of incubation (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate that poor T secretion by the testes and low antioxidant enzyme activities are related to AZ in the dog.  相似文献