Evaluation on the pathogenicity of Erysipelothrix tonsillarum for pigs by immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide or dexamethasone     

Kazuki Harada  Masatake Muramatsu  Shoko Suzuki  Takuo Sawada  Toshio Takahashi 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(1):20-22

The pathogenicity of Erysipelothrix tonsillarum was evaluated in pigs immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide (CY) or dexamethasone (DM). Animals were treated with 15 mg/kg CY (n = 8, five injections), 1 mg/kg DM (n = 8, nine injections) or left untreated (n = 8). On the fifth day after the beginning of drug treatments, swine were inoculated with one of two E. tonsillarum serovar 7 strains (approximately 10⁶ CFU per pig). In the CY-treated group, both circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte counts decreased, whereas in the DM-treated group, lymphocyte counts decreased but neutrophil counts increased. During the observation period, none of the CY- or DM-treated pigs developed clinical signs or gross lesions, as well as non-treated pigs. Growth agglutination antibody titres in all pigs remained unchanged. Our findings indicate that E. tonsillarum strains are avirulent for swine, regardless of immune status.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from wild mice in a forest of a natural park in Hokkaido, Japan     

Ishihara K  Kanamori K  Asai T  Kojima A  Takahashi T  Ueno H  Muramatsu Y  Tamura Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(9):1191-1193

To reveal the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Escherichia coli isolates from wild mice, 81 E. coli isolates were obtained from 109 voles (Clethrionomys spp.), 52 large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) and 19 small Japanese field mice (A. argenteus) captured in a forest of a natural park in Hokkaido, Japan. Seventy-eight of the 81 E. coli isolates were susceptible to all 10 antimicrobial agents tested. One E. coli isolate was resistant to ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline. Two isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline. A low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was maintained among wild mice that inhabited the forest.  相似文献   

Successful management with CHOP for pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis in a dog     

Hatoya S  Kumagai D  Takeda S  Yamamoto E  Nakanishi M  Kuwamura M  Sugiura K  Sasai H  Yamate J  Inaba T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(4):527-530

A 3-year-old, spayed female miniature dachshund was presented for vomiting and anorexia. Thoracic radiographs and CT scan revealed abnormal pulmonary opacities at bilateral caudal lobe. Cytological analysis of the pulmonary mass revealed the presence of large lymphohistiocytic cells and small lymphocytes with occasional neutrophils and plasma cells. An open lung biopsy was performed and a diagnosis of pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) was made. The dog was administered CHOP based therapy (modified UW-25), and it survived for 1,022 days after admission. Immunohistochemistry revealed pulmonary lesions consisted of many CD79a positive B cells aggregation and proliferation with prominent angiocentric pattern. This was the first case of canine pulmonary LYG managed by CHOP chemotherapy.  相似文献   

Structure—activity relationships of pyridylcarbamates active against both benzimidazole-sensitive and -resistant isolates of Botrytis cinerea     

Toshio Akagi  Shigeru Mitani  Keiichiro Ito  Itaru Shigehara  Terumasa Komyoji  Norifusa Matsuo 《Pest management science》1995,44(1):39-48

A series of pyridylcarbamates showed high potency against cucumber gray mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers.). The most potent compound, propargyl-N-(6-ethyl-5-iodo-2-pyridyl)carbamate was effective against an isolate sensitive to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides as well as against an isolate resistant to both types of compound. QSAR analyses and molecular modelling studies were carried out to investigate the structural requirements for highly active compounds and the structural feature of the binding site of each strain. Significantly different QSAR equations were obtained only for substituents at the 6-position of the pyridine ring. An ethyl-sized pocket or an ethyl terminal recognition was suggested in the case of the sensitive or resistant isolate respectively. These results could explain the phenomenon of negatively correlated cross-resistance between benzimidazoles and N-phenylcarbamate fungicides. Substituent effects at the 5- or 2-position were governed by steric factors. Substituent effects at the 3-position were explained by steric hindrance or by conformational effects. The propargyl-substituted compound above was the most desirable one from the viewpoint of QSAR.  相似文献   

Comparison of symptomatic and neurophysiological activities of enantiomers of the insecticide 3-phenoxybenzyl 1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate     

Keiichiro Nishimura  Hideki Masutani  George Holan  Toshio Fujita 《Pest management science》1992,34(3):249-255

The insecticidal activities of optical isomers of 3-phenoxybenzyl 1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropanecarboxylate and related compounds were measured with American cockroaches and their knockdown activities were evaluated with house flies. The activities of the S(?)-isomer of the dichlorocyclopropanecarboxylate were higher than those of the R(+)-isomer. The effects of the compounds on the inward membrane currents induced by a stepdepolarizing pulse in crayfish axonal membranes were examined under voltage clamp conditions by the sucrose gap method. The compounds induced a tail current upon step repolarization of the membrane. The tail current decayed to zero in each record, but developed with time after the start of application of the compound until a steady level was reached. The rate of decay of the tail current observed in axonal membranes treated with the S(?)-isomer was slower than with the R(+)-isomer. The rates of development of the tail current induced by the two isomers were not very different.  相似文献   

Antigenicity of a whole parasite vaccine as promising candidate against canine leishmaniasis     

Giunchetti RC  Reis AB  da Silveira-Lemos D  Martins-Filho OA  Corrêa-Oliveira R  Bethony J  Vale AM  da Silva Quetz J  Bueno LL  França-Silva JC  Nascimento E  Mayrink W  Fujiwara RT 《Research in veterinary science》2008,85(1):106-112

Human visceral leishmaniasis, one of the most important zoonoses, is caused by the protozoa Leishmania chagasi (syn. L. infantum) and is present as a fatal disease common in South America and Europe where dogs and wild canids are the main reservoirs. A vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis would be an important tool in the control of this disease in dogs. Although the current strategies for vaccination against leishmaniasis are based on the use of recombinant antigens, killed vaccines are still attractive in terms of stability of their biochemical composition and antigenicity, cost, and safety. Here we evaluate the immunogenicity of a whole parasite vaccine as a promising candidate against canine leishmaniasis, demonstrated by cellular reactivity, changes in the cellular profile of the peripheral blood and by the differential production of immunoglobulins. Our results showed that immunization elicited mainly a strong cellular reactivity and increase in T-lymphocytes, particularly the subpopulation CD8(+) that would be related to the control of tissue parasitism. In addition, a higher production of anti-Leishmania total IgG, characterized by mixed isotypes profile (IgG1 and IgG2), was demonstrated.  相似文献   

Shiga toxin 2eB‐transgenic lettuce vaccine is effective in protecting weaned piglets from edema disease caused by Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli infection     

Takashi Hamabata  Toshio Sato  Eiji Takita  Takeshi Matsui  Taishi Imaoka  Nobuo Nakanishi  Keizo Nakayama  Takamitsu Tsukahara  Kazutoshi Sawada 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(11):1460-1467

Porcine edema disease (ED) is a toxemia that is caused by enteric infection with Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e)‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and is associated with high mortality. Since ED occurs most frequently during the weaning period, preweaning vaccination of newborn piglets is required. We developed stx2eB‐transgenic lettuce as an oral vaccine candidate against ED and examined its protective efficacy using a piglet STEC infection model. Two serially developed Stx2eB‐lettuce strains, 2BN containing ingredient Stx2eB constituting a concentration level of 0.53 mg Stx2eB/g of powdered lettuce dry weight (DW) and 2BH containing ingredient Stx2eB constituting a concentration level of 2.3 mg of Stx2eB/g of powdered lettuce DW, were evaluated in three sequential experiments. Taken the results together, oral administration of Stx2eB‐lettuce vaccine was suggested to relieve the pathogenic symptoms of ED in piglets challenged with virulent STEC strain. Our data suggested that Stx2eB‐lettuce is a promising first oral vaccine candidate against ED.  相似文献   

Comparison of time budget of behaviors between penned and ranged young cattle focused on general and oral behaviors     

Toshie ISHIWATA  Katsuji UETAKE  Robert J. KILGOUR  Yusuke EGUCHI  Toshio TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(4):518-525

To consider cattle welfare, time budget of behaviors of young cattle in pen and pasture conditions were compared. Behavioral observations of 103 steers in seven pens and 1136 steers in six ranges were performed during daylight over 3 days in each rearing condition. The pen condition had Japanese Black × Holstein cross, and the pasture conditions had assorted breeds of Angus, Murray Grey, Shorthorn, Hereford, Santa Gertrudis and their crosses aged 5–15 months. The ranges varied in vegetation from extensive native pasture to intensive improved pasture. The daytime proportion of behaviors and activity patterns were compared between rearing conditions. The proportion of walking was much lower in the pen condition (1.0 ± 0.2%) compared to all pasture conditions (at least 9.4 ± 4.0%; all P < 0.05), but grooming (5.9 ± 1.2%), investigating (2.5 ± 0.2%) and tongue playing (1.1 ± 0.2%) covered the loss. Fluctuation patterns of the proportions of eating (P < 0.001) and resting (P < 0.001) were different between pen and pasture conditions, whereas the pattern of the proportion of walking was not different. The proportion of eating in the pen condition (32.4 ± 0.3%) was not different to that in one on the farm (42.2 ± 12.6%), which had a thick improved pasture. However, the proportion of eating in the pen condition (32.4 ± 0.3%) was lower than that in two farms (58.8 ± 5.0% and 61.6 ± 16.5%) with low pasture availability (both P < 0.05). The proportions of oral behaviors such as self‐grooming (3.9 ± 1.0%), allogrooming (2.0 ± 0.2%), licking objects (1.3 ± 0.4%) and tongue‐playing (1.1 ± 0.2%) compensated for the lack of eating. These results indicate that we can learn a well‐balanced proportion of behaviors for cattle by making comparisons of time budget of behaviors and activity pattern between various rearing conditions. In addition, it is indicated that cattle under pen conditions under a restricted feeding period might compensate for a lower time spent feeding by performing other oral behaviors.  相似文献   

O2 supports 3-phosphoglycerate-dependent O2 evolution in chloroplasts from spinach leaves     

Daisuke Takagi  Hiroshi Yamamoto  Katsumi Amako  Amane Makino  Toshio Sugimoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):462-468

We tested the hypothesis that the Mehler-ascorbate peroxidase (MAP) pathway supports 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA)-dependent oxygen (O₂) evolution using intact chloroplasts. Lowering O₂ concentration (<1?µM) suppressed PGA-dependent O₂ evolution rate. High O₂ concentration (about 250?µM) enhanced the electron fluxes in Photosystem II (PSII). Also, high O₂ concentration oxidized both Q_A in PSII and Cyt f in thylakoid membranes. These results indicated that the MAP pathway stimulated photosynthetic electron transport. Furthermore, electrochromic shift signal was also increased at high O₂ concentration, compared to low O₂ concentration. Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence was also enhanced at high O₂ concentration. These data support our hypothesis that the MAP pathway functioned in intact chloroplasts and accelerated PGA-dependent O₂ evolution by inducing ΔpH formation to produce and supply adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the conversion reaction of PGA to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate through 1,3-diphosphoglycerate in chloroplasts.  相似文献   

Effects of inhibitors for signaling components on the expression of the genes for nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in excised barley leaves     

Kuni Sueyoshi  Takashi Mitsuyama  Toshio Sugimoto  Andris Kleinhofs  Robert L. Warner  Yoshikiyo Oji 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):1015-1019

Nitrate-induced accumulation of mRNAs for nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase was strongly inhibited by treatment with inhibitors of Ca²⁺ channels, protein phosphatases, and tyrosine protein kinases in excised barley leaves. It was shown that these components may be involved in the nitrate-response signaling pathways for the expression of nitrate and nitrite reductase genes in barley leaves.  相似文献