Relation of reproductive performances and rectal palpation for luteum function of heifers 7 days after estrus     

Tatsuyuki YOSHIDA  Makoto SEKI  Norio WATANABE  Hiroki FURUTA  Itaru YOSHIMURA  Masahiro OSADA  Koji CHIBA  Konosuke OKADA  Koh KAWASUMI  Hitoshi USHIJIMA 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(3):207-212

Diagnosis of corpus luteum (CL) function by rectal palpation (RP) has been widely used for recipient selection of embryo transfer (ET), a technology essential for genetic improvements in cattle. To examine the accuracy of RP diagnosis method, the relationship between RP‐based CL function and reproductive performance was compared in this study. In Experiment 1, CL of Holstein heifers on day 7 after estrus was classified into functional or hypoplastic by RP, and the results were compared with ultrasonographic (US) images and plasma progesterone (P4) levels. As a result, heifers with functional CL judged by RP had a mean maximum CL diameter of 20.1 ± 3.1 mm on US and a mean P4 concentration of 8.1 ± 2.3 ng/mL. These values were significantly greater than those of heifers with hypoplastic CL (12.4 ± 5.4 mm, 4.0 ± 2.8 ng/mL) (P < 0.001). In Experiment 2, the length of the estrus cycle was examined between functional CL and hypoplastic CL. The rate of heifers with a normal estrus cycle length with 18–25 days was significantly lower with hypoplastic CL than with functional CL (16/24 vs. 43/46, P < 0.01). In Experiment 3, 543 inseminated heifers were similarly classified by CL function by RP 7 days after estrus. The heifers with functional CL showed higher pregnancy rate compared with the heifers with hypoplastic CL (75.2 vs. 47.9%, P < 0.0001). Finally, the CL function of 66 heifers was examined by RP on day 7 post‐estrus, and ET was performed in 49 (74.2%) heifers with functional CL. As a result, 27 (55.1%) of them became pregnant. Taken together, these results reconfirm that RP on day 7 after estrus is useful for selection of heifers with functional CL.  相似文献   

Genetic and enzymatic analyses of metalloprotease (aureolysin) from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from domestic animals.     

Shotaro Takeuchi  Minoru Saito  Keisuke Imaizumi  Toshio Kaidoh  Hiroki Higuchi  Sachiko Inubushi 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,84(1-2):135-142

The gene (aur) encoding the metalloprotease (aureolysin) of Staphylococcus aureus from domestic animals was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing. The aur gene was detected in all 74 isolates from cows, pigs and chickens by PCR amplification and was classified into types I and II by PCR-RFLP patterns. The type II aur gene was contained in 36 (94.7%) of 38 protease-positive isolates as judged by skim milk agar plate culture, while type I was contained in 28 (77.8%) of 36 protease-negative isolates. The deduced amino acid sequences of aureolysins from type I and II isolates were almost identical with those of the published data. Subsequently, the two aureolysins were purified from the culture supernatants of type I and II isolates. The molecular weights of purified type I and II aureolysins were both estimated at 34kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These aureolysins had maximum proteolytic activity at 30-50 degrees C and pH 7.0-8.0. Their activity was inhibited by metal- and zinc-specific inhibitors, such as EDTA, EGTA and 1,10-phenanthroline. Specific activity (activity/protein) of type II aureolysin was two times higher than that of type I. These results indicated that the aur gene is highly conserved with two allelic forms (types I and II) among bovine, porcine and avian isolates of S. aureus.  相似文献   

Reliability in somatic cell count measurement of clinical mastitis milk using DeLaval cell counter     

Kazuhiro Kawai  Tomohito Hayashi  Yoshio Kiku  Tomoyuki Chiba  Hajime Nagahata  Hidetoshi Higuchi  Tetsu Obayashi  Seigo Itoh  Ken Onda  Sachiko Arai  Reiichiro Sato  Toshio Oshida 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(12):805-807

Somatic cell counts (SCC) measurements are typically performed using quantitative methods, such as the Breed method (Breed) and the Fossomatic method (FSCC). The DeLaval cell counter (DCC) developed recently is a quantitative somatic cell counter with a low initial cost and superior portability. However, since the DCC was specifically developed for measuring SCC of ≤ 4 × 10⁶ cells/mL milk from bulk tanks or individual cows, its reliability for estimating SCC that exceed this concentration has not yet been clarified. This study therefore examined whether it is possible to accurately measure SCC by diluting milk samples with initial SCC of 4 × 10⁶ cells/mL, as seen in clinical mastitis milk. We collected milk samples from 99 quarters of 99 Holstein cows with clinical mastitis. These milk samples were diluted 10‐fold with saline and thoroughly mixed before performing SCC measurement with the DCC. The correlation coefficients of SCC measured by the FSCC, Breed and DCC methods indicated strong correlations between each pair of methods. The findings showed that DCC can be used to identify bovine clinical mastitis milk and is useful as a quantitative SCC measurement device on farm sites.  相似文献   

Effects of warming basal ends of Carolina poplar (Populus × canadensis Moench.) softwood cuttings at controlled low-air-temperature on their root growth and leaf damage after planting     

Toshio Shibuya  Shuhei Tsukuda  Ayako Tokuda  Shuji Shiozaki  Ryosuke Endo  Yoshiaki Kitaya 《Journal of Forest Research》2013,18(3):279-284

We investigated the effects of warming the basal ends of Carolina poplar (Populus × canadensis Moench.) softwood cuttings at controlled low-air-temperature on their root growth and leaf damage after planting. The warming treatment was applied to the cuttings by soaking 10 mm beyond the cut end in warmed water maintained at 30 °C in a cold chamber maintained at an air temperature of 10 °C and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 10 μmol m^?2 s^?1 (near the light compensation point at 10 °C) until rooting was observed. The warmed cuttings were then grown in a growth chamber at an air temperature of 30 °C, relative humidity 85–90 %, and a PPFD of 100 μmol m^?2 s^?1. Control cuttings were grown in the growth chamber throughout the experiment. Rooting occurred simultaneously for both warmed and control cuttings, irrespective of air temperature. Root development was greater and leaf damage, evaluated on the basis of extent of necrosis, was less for warmed cuttings than for control cuttings. The reduction of leaf damage for warmed cuttings probably resulted from reduced post-planting water stress and leaf senescence, because of improved root development as a result of the pre-planting warming treatment. This technique could improve the propagation of cuttings of woody plants, because it would ensure that the cuttings are ready to develop roots with minimum loss of carbohydrates, irrespective of weather conditions.  相似文献   

Glycosylated Porphyra-334 and Palythine-Threonine from the Terrestrial Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune     

Ehsan Nazifi  Naoki Wada  Minami Yamaba  Tomoya Asano  Takumi Nishiuchi  Seiichi Matsugo  Toshio Sakamoto 《Marine drugs》2013,11(9):3124-3154

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are water-soluble UV-absorbing pigments, and structurally different MAAs have been identified in eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria. In this study novel glycosylated MAAs were found in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune (N. commune). An MAA with an absorption maximum at 334 nm was identified as a hexose-bound porphyra-334 derivative with a molecular mass of 508 Da. Another MAA with an absorption maximum at 322 nm was identified as a two hexose-bound palythine-threonine derivative with a molecular mass of 612 Da. These purified MAAs have radical scavenging activities in vitro, which suggests multifunctional roles as sunscreens and antioxidants. The 612-Da MAA accounted for approximately 60% of the total MAAs and contributed approximately 20% of the total radical scavenging activities in a water extract, indicating that it is the major water-soluble UV-protectant and radical scavenger component. The hexose-bound porphyra-334 derivative and the glycosylated palythine-threonine derivatives were found in a specific genotype of N. commune, suggesting that glycosylated MAA patterns could be a chemotaxonomic marker for the characterization of the morphologically indistinguishable N. commune. The glycosylation of porphyra-334 and palythine-threonine in N. commune suggests a unique adaptation for terrestrial environments that are drastically fluctuating in comparison to stable aquatic environments.  相似文献   

Botulinum Toxin Complex Increases Paracellular Permeability in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase     

Shin-ichiro MIYASHITA  Yoshimasa SAGANE  Ken INUI  Shintaro HAYASHI  Keita MIYATA  Tomonori SUZUKI  Tohru OHYAMA  Toshihiro WATANABE  Koichi NIWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2013,75(12):1637-1642

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Effects of Exposure to Nanoparticle-rich Diesel Exhaust on Pregnancy in Rats     

ChunMei LI  Xuezheng LI  Akira K. SUZUKI  Yonghui ZHANG  Yuji FUJITANI  Kentaro NAGAOKA  Gen WATANABE  Kazuyoshi TAYA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(2):145-150

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Evaluation of Recombinant Forms of the Shiga Toxin Variant Stx2eB Subunit and Non-Toxic Mutant Stx2e as Vaccine Candidates against Porcine Edema Disease     

Toshio SATO  Takeshi MATSUI  Eiji TAKITA  Yumiko KADOYAMA  Sou-Ichi MAKINO  Ko KATO  Kazutoshi SAWADA  Takashi HAMABATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2013,75(10):1309-1315

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Seasonal Changes in Immunoreactivity of Inhibin/Activin Subunits in the Epididymis of Wild Ground Squirrels (Citellus dauricus Brandt)     

Mengyuan ZHANG  Xia SHENG  Rongbo SUN  Qinglin LI  Haolin ZHANG  Jiao ZHOU  Meiyu XU  Qiang WENG  Gen WATANABE  Kazuyoshi TAYA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(3):302-307

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Molecular and antigenic similarities of the fimbrial major components between Porphyromonas gulae and P. gingivalis     

Hamada N  Takahashi Y  Watanabe K  Kumada H  Oishi Y  Umemoto T 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,128(1-2):108-117

Porphyromonas gulae is black-pigmented anaerobic bacteria associated with canine periodontitis. There is little information available about the specific identify and relative occurrence of pigmented anaerobes in companion animals. Our aim was to clarify the factor involved in the adherence and colonization of the organism in the oral cavity. Fimbrial protein was purified from P. gulae ATCC 51700. The molecular mass of this protein was approximately 41kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE. An antibody against 41-kDa fimbrial protein from P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 reacted with fimbrillin of P. gulae ATCC 51700. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that the anti-41kDa fimbrial serum bound to fimbria on the cell surface of P. gulae ATCC 51700. Thus, fimbrial protein of P. gulae ATCC 51700 had the same size and antigenicity as 41-kDa fimbriae of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. The nucleotide sequence of the fimA gene from P. gulae ATCC 51700 showed 94% homology with that of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. Moreover, the deduced amino acid sequences have 96.8% identity. P. gulae has adherent ability to gingival epithelial cells. The properties of P. gulae fimbriae are similar to those of P. gingivalis fimbriae. We suggest that the surface structure of P. gulae may play a role in the colonization of this organism in periodontal pockets in companion animals.  相似文献