SHACKLETON'S CONTRIBUTION TO BIOGEOGRAPHY     

Townsend CH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1910,32(822):433-435

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ON MUSCOID AND ESPECIALLY TACHINID SYNONYMY     

Townsend CH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1911,33(857):860-863

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Ecology. Ecology for a crowded planet     

Palmer M  Bernhardt E  Chornesky E  Collins S  Dobson A  Duke C  Gold B  Jacobson R  Kingsland S  Kranz R  Mappin M  Martinez ML  Micheli F  Morse J  Pace M  Pascual M  Palumbi S  Reichman OJ  Simons A  Townsend A  Turner M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5675):1251-1252

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CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF THE LIPID FRACTION OF ROYAL JELLY     

Townsend GF  Lucas CC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1940,92(2376):43-44

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Tear-film osmolarity in normal cats and cats with conjunctivitis     

Davis K  Townsend W 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2011,14(Z1):54-59

Objective To compare the tear‐film osmolarity of normal cats and cats with conjunctivitis. Animal studied The population consisted of shelter, research, and privately owned cats. Procedures Cats were classified as normal or having conjunctivitis. An ophthalmic examination including Schirmer tear test (STT), fluorescein staining, tear‐film break‐up time (TFBUT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and slit‐lamp biomicroscopy of the anterior segment was performed. The severity of conjunctivitis was graded and assigned a numerical score. The Tear Lab^TM Osmolarity System was utilized to determine the tear‐film osmolarity. Unpaired t‐tests were used to compare tear‐film osmolarity, TFBUT, IOP, and STT of the two groups. Results A total of 93 cats (186 eyes) were examined. There were 37 normal cats (74 eyes) and 39 conjunctivitis cats (78 eyes). The mean age was 2.34 years. There was no statistical difference (P = 0.2065) between the median tear‐film osmolarity of normal cats (328.5 ± 17.94 mOsms/L) and conjunctivitis cats (325.0 ± 24.84 mOsms/L). Cats with conjunctivitis had an accelerated TFBUT (P < 0.0001) and lower IOPs (P < 0.0001) as compared to normal cats. No statistical difference was found between STT values (P = 0.1304). Conclusions The median tear‐film osmolarity of normal cats was 328.5 mOsms/L. Despite the accelerated TFBUT, conjunctivitis did not cause a statistically significant change in tear‐film osmolarity. The Tear Lab^TM Osmolarity System was easily used and well tolerated by the cats in the study.  相似文献   

On the potential of documenting decadal-scale avifaunal change from before-and-after comparisons of museum and observational data across North America     

Fernando Machado-Stredel  Benedictus Freeman  Daniel Jiménez-Garcia  Marlon E.Cobos  Claudia Nu?ez-Penichet  Laura Jiménez  Ed Komp  Utku Perktas  Ali Khalighifar  Kate Ingenloff  Walter Tapondjou  Thilina de Silva  Sumudu Fernando  Luis Osorio-Olvera  A.Townsend Peterson 《中国鸟类》2022,(1):1-10

Studies of biodiversity dynamics have been cast on either long(systematics)or short(ecology)time scales,leaving a gap in coverage for moderate time scales of de...  相似文献   

Immunogenicity of a temperature sensitive mutant Mycoplasma gaffisepticum vaccine     

KG WHITHEAR  SOERIPTO  KE HARRIGAN †  E GHIOCAS 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(5):168-174

The immunogenicity of the ts-11 vaccine strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum was assessed following eye drop or coarse aerosol administration in chickens of various ages. Protection was evalualted following intra-abdominal (IA) or fine droplet aerosol administration of virulent M. gallisepticum, usually the Ap3AS strain and was measured mainly by the scoring of gross air sac lesions or by egg production. Vaccination of chickens with ts-11 did not elicit a substantial serum antibody response as measured by rapid serum agglutination test, or ELISA. Protection was never demonstrated when no M. gallisepticum serum antibody response was detected in a vaccinated group of chickens. Failure to protect occurred usually, although not invariably, following aerosol administration of the vaccine. Vaccination by eye drop usually, although not invariably provided protection against challenge. In one experiment, chickens vaccinated by eye drop at 8-weeks were as susceptible as non vaccinated controls when challenged by IA inoculation at 13-weeks-of-age. Yet other birds from the same vaccinated group were resistant when challenged in an identical way at 23-weeks. No measurable increase in M. gallisepticum specific serum antibody concentrations occurred in the intervening period. Equally surprising was the response of another group of birds in the same experiment that had been vaccinated with a higher dose of ts-11. An antibody response was detected in this group, but they were susceptible to challenge at 23-weeks. Interestingly, a drop in egg production commenced 4 weeks after challenge, 2 weeks later than that observed in a non vaccinated group challenged at the same time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

The effect of combinations of anthelmintics on parasite populations in sheep     

PJ WALLER  RJ DOBSON  KG HAUGHEY 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(4):138-140

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Akabane disease in sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

KG HAUGHEY  WJ HARTLEY†  AJ DELLA-PORTA‡  MD MURRAY§ 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(5):136-140

Perinatal lamb mortality, associated with malformations of the CNS due to Akabane viral infection, occurred in 4 of 9 flocks of ewes lambing on 3 farms between 26 May and 14 November, 1976. Cases were restricted to ewes conceiving prior to the second week of March and lambing between 26 May and 19 July. As judged by seroconversion in sentinel flocks on 2 of the farms, field infection with Akabane virus occurred mainly between mid-February and mid-April. Malformations of the CNS occurred in 42.5%, 51.2%, 100% and 31.0% of the dead lambs examined in the affected flocks respectively. Prevalence in the 4 affected flocks, expressed as the proportion of ewes lambing which delivered at least one malformed foetus, was 6.1%, 8.4%, 88.9% and 5.7% respectively. Lamb mortality due to malformations of the CNS was 7.1%, 5.5%, 92.3% and 5.7% of lambs born. Age-specific prevalence was calculated for 3 of the 4 flocks and 2-year-old ewes accounted for 71.4% and 76.9% of total cases respectively in 2 flocks, whereas in one flock malformations occurred at equivalent frequencies throughout several older age groups. Birthweights of affected lambs were usually significantly lighter than those of unaffected lambs of similar sex and birth-type, and their mean duration of gestation was slightly, and significantly, prolonged. Micrencephaly (88.1% of cases) and hydrocephalus (68.7% of cases) were the outstanding pathological features of the malformations with hydranencephaly, microgyria, porencephaly and attenuation of the spinal cord occurring at much lower frequencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Factors associated with average daily gain, fever and lameness in beef bulls at the Saskatchewan Central Feed Test Station.          下载免费PDF全文

H G Townsend  A H Meek  T G Lesnick    E D Janzen 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1989,53(3):349-354

Data obtained from the Saskatchewan Central Feed Test Station in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada were examined for evidence of factors related to average daily gain and the diseases occurring in 326 beef bulls during the 1983-84 test. Average daily gain was found to be significantly associated with breed, pen assignment and initial test weight but was not associated with disease or age upon arrival at the test station. Lameness was associated with breed and initial weight, while fever (suspected respiratory disease) was associated with age. The predicted odds of lameness was approximately seven times greater in the animal with the heaviest as compared to the lightest initial test weight and the predicted odds of fever was approximately five times greater in the youngest as compared to the oldest animal.  相似文献