Increased maternal nutrition of sows has no beneficial effects on muscle fiber number or postnatal growth and has no impact on the meat quality of the offspring     

Nissen PM  Danielsen VO  Jorgensen PF  Oksbjerg N 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(12):3018-3027

The objective of this study was to examine how increased feed intake of the sow during early to mid-gestation affects sow performance and the muscle fiber number, performance, and technological meat quality of the offspring. Thirty-nine pregnant sows (Landrace x Large White sows mated to Landrace or Large White boars) in their fourth parity were assigned to one of three treatments: 1) the sows were either fed restrictively (control = 15 MJ of NE/d from d 1 to 90, then 24 MJ of NE/d from d 91 to 112, and again 15 MJ of NE/d from d 113 to 115 of gestation); 2) fed ad libitum from d 25 to 50 (A25-50); or 3) ad libitum from d 25 to 70 (A25-70) and as control in the remaining periods. The offspring were weaned at 4 wk of age and had free access to feed from 2 wk of age until slaughter. They were slaughtered litterwise at an average body weight of 104 +/- 14 kg. Estimates for total, primary (P-), and secondary (S-) muscle fiber number; muscle fiber area; and DNA and RNA content were analyzed in semitendinosus muscle (ST) samples from the heaviest, middle, and lightest weight (LW) pigs of each sex within litter selected at slaughter. Technological meat quality traits (pH at 24 h postmortem, drip loss, Minolta color, and pigment) were analyzed in longissimus dorsi muscle. Fiber number, fiber area, and concentrations and content of DNA and RNA of the offspring were not significantly affected by increased maternal nutrition. The ST muscle weight was lower in offspring from A25-50 than control sows (P = 0.019). Average daily gain, carcass weight, and the muscle deposition rate also were numerically lower for A25-50 than control and A25-70 pigs. An interaction between treatment and pig weight was found for muscle deposition rate (P = 0.006), in that LW pigs from treatment A25-50 had a lower deposition rate than LW pigs from control. We found no effect of treatment on the meat quality traits in the offspring. Also, barrows had a higher (P < 0.05) number of P-fibers, higher daily gain, and carcass weight than female pigs. No differences were found on any meat quality traits between sexes. Thus, ad libitum feeding of pregnant sows from d 25 to 50 or d 25 to 70 of gestation did not have any beneficial effect on muscle fiber number and area in the offspring. It seems that maternal ad libitum feeding from d 25 to 50 in gestation had a negative effect on postnatal muscle growth, with especially the LW pigs being affected.  相似文献   

Survival of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in slurry.     

J B Jorgensen 《Nordisk veterinaermedicin》1977,29(6):267-270

Cattle and swine slurry and a mixture of equal parts of both, was mixed with a culture of M. paratuberculosis, 0.1 mg per ml (1 mg = 33 X 10(6) viable units) and stored under anaerobic conditions at 5 degrees and 15 degrees C. At 5 degrees C the survival time for M. paratuberculosis was 252 days in all 3 kinds of slurry, and at 15 degrees C it was 98 days in cattle slurry, 182 days in swine slurry, and 168 days in mixed slurry.  相似文献   

Comparison of infectivity of Eimeria tenella oocysts maintained at 4, 12 or 28 degrees C for up to 10 months     

Jeston PJ  Blight GW  Anderson GR  Molloy JB  Jorgensen WK 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(1-2):91-92

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The development of a genetic linkage map of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) and the identification of regions associated with key fruit quality and agronomic traits     

Rex Brennan  Linzi Jorgensen  Christine Hackett  Mary Woodhead  Sandra Gordon  Joanne Russell 《Euphytica》2008,161(1-2):19-34

The first genetic linkage map of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) was constructed using AFLP, SSR (genomic and EST-derived) and SNP markers, in a mapping population derived from two diverse breeding clones of blackcurrant from the SCRI breeding programme. Cluster analysis of the population revealed that the individuals within the population formed two distinct sub-populations, with segregation ratios consistent with one sub-population having the two intended parents, and the other being selfed segregants. The latter sub-population improves the map by providing a more informative estimate of recombination frequency than the crossed sub-population for some marker configurations, and also revealed the presence of two unlinked loci affecting viability. Several important phenological, agronomic and fruit quality traits were evaluated in the mapping population, and QTLs affecting these are located on the linkage map. This provides a framework for the development of marker-assisted breeding strategies for blackcurrant, to improve breeding efficiency and time to cultivar.  相似文献   

Building an Effective Technical Library     

Jorgensen WE  Carlson IG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1950,112(2921):736-738

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Market integration between wild and farmed species in Spain     

Trond Bjørndal  Jordi Guillen 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(4):433-451

ABSTRACT

Market integration occurs when prices among different locations or related goods follow similar patterns over time. Current knowledge on market integration between aquaculture and wild-caught fish is based on a small number of species and markets. Most studies show the existence of market integration between wild and farmed conspecifics, with the clear exception of European seabass and gilthead seabream in Southern European countries. In this study, we investigate whether this lack of market integration between wild and farmed conspecifics for European seabass and gilthead seabream in Southern European countries is specific for these species or is representative for the area. Therefore, we investigate the existence of market integration in Spain between wild and farmed conspecifics for a large variety of different species: turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), sole (Solea spp.), blackspot (red) seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and meagre (Argyrosomus regius).  相似文献   

A defined intestinal colonization microbiota for gnotobiotic pigs     

G Laycock  L Sait  C Inman  M Lewis  H Smidt  P van Diemen  F Jorgensen  M Stevens  M Bailey 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,149(3-4):216-224

Maximising the ability of piglets to survive exposure to pathogens is essential to reduce early piglet mortality, an important factor in efficient commercial pig production. Mortality rates can be influenced by many factors, including early colonization by microbial commensals. Here we describe the development of an intestinal microbiota, the Bristol microbiota, for use in gnotobiotic pigs and its influence on synthesis of systemic immunoglobulins. Such a microbiota will be of value in studies of the consequences of early microbial colonization on development of the intestinal immune system and subsequent susceptibility to disease. Gnotobiotic pig studies lack a well-established intestinal microbiota. The use of the Altered Schaedler Flora (ASF), a murine intestinal microbiota, to colonize the intestines of Caesarean-derived, gnotobiotic pigs prior to gut closure, resulted in unreliable colonization with most (but not all) strains of the ASF. Subsequently, a novel, simpler porcine microbiota was developed. The novel microbiota reliably colonized the length of the intestinal tract when administered to gnotobiotic piglets. No health problems were observed, and the novel microbiota induced a systemic increase in serum immunoglobulins, in particular IgA and IgM. The Bristol microbiota will be of value for highly controlled, reproducible experiments of the consequences of early microbial colonization on susceptibility to disease in neonatal piglets, and as a biomedical model for the impact of microbial colonization on development of the intestinal mucosa and immune system in neonates.  相似文献   

Application of host-specific genetic markers for microbial source tracking of faecal water contamination in an agricultural catchment     

Lisa Paruch  Anne-Grete Buseth Blankenberg  Marianne Bechmann  Trond Mæhlum 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2015,65(3):164-172

Elevated nutrient concentrations in streams in the Norwegian agricultural landscape may occur due to faecal contamination. Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been used conventionally as an indicator of this contamination; however, it does not indicate the source of faecal origin. This work describes a study undertaken for the first time in Norway on an application of specific host-associated markers for faecal source tracking of water contamination. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on Bacteroidales host-specific markers was employed for microbial source tracking (MST) to determine the origin(s) of faecal water contamination. Four genetic markers were used: the universal AllBac (Bacteroidales) and the individual specific markers BacH (humans), BacR (ruminants) and Hor-Bac (horses). In addition, a pathogenicity test was carried out to detect the top seven Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) serogroups. The ratio between each individual marker and the universal one was used to: (1) normalise the markers to the level of AllBac in faeces, (2) determine the relative abundance of each specific marker, (3) develop a contribution profile for faecal water contamination and (4) elucidate the sources of contamination by highlighting the dominant origin(s). The results of the qPCR MST analyses indicated the actual contributions of humans and animals to faecal water contamination. The pathogenicity test revealed that water samples were STEC positive at a low level, which was in proportion to the concentration of the ruminant marker. The outcomes were verified statistically by coupling the findings of major contamination sources with observations in the field regarding local land use (residential or agricultural). Furthermore, clear correlations between the human marker and E. coli counts as well as the ruminant marker and STEC quantity in faecally contaminated water were observed. The results of this study have the potential to help identify sources of pollution for targeted mitigation of nutrient losses.  相似文献   

Analysis of the oxidative degradation of proanthocyanidins under basic conditions     

Jorgensen EM  Marin AB  Kennedy JA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(8):2292-2296

Proanthocyanidin isolates from grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir) skin and seed underwent oxidative degradation in solution (10 g/L) under basic conditions while exposed to atmospheric oxygen. Degradation was monitored by reversed-phase HPLC following acid-catalyzed cleavage in the presence of excess phloroglucinol (phloroglucinolysis) and by high-performance gel permeation chromatography. All isolates degraded under these conditions and followed second-order kinetics for over 1 half-life, consistent with an oxidation reaction. The conversion of proanthocyanidins to known subunits (conversion yield) when measured by phloroglucinolysis showed a dramatic decline over the course of the reaction. With the exception of (+)-catechin extension subunits, all individual subunits decreased in concentration during the oxidation process, also following second-order kinetics for over 1 half-life. Skin proanthocyanidins degraded the fastest due to the presence of (-)-epigallocatechin extension subunits. Seed procyanidins were degraded with and without flavan-3-ol monomers. Flavan-3-ol monomers slowed the rate of seed procyanidin degradation. The mean degree of polymerization (mDP) determined by phloroglucinolysis indicated a large decrease in mDP as the reaction progressed; yet, by GPC, the size distribution of all proanthocyanidins changed little in comparison. The conversion yield could be an important parameter to follow when using phloroglucinolysis as a means for determining proanthocyanidin mDP, and when monitoring the oxidative degradation of proanthocyanidins.  相似文献   

Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum     

Lynch-Stieglitz J  Adkins JF  Curry WB  Dokken T  Hall IR  Herguera JC  Hirschi JJ  Ivanova EV  Kissel C  Marchal O  Marchitto TM  McCave IN  McManus JF  Mulitza S  Ninnemann U  Peeters F  Yu EF  Zahn R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5821):66-69

The circulation of the deep Atlantic Ocean during the height of the last ice age appears to have been quite different from today. We review observations implying that Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum was neither extremely sluggish nor an enhanced version of present-day circulation. The distribution of the decay products of uranium in sediments is consistent with a residence time for deep waters in the Atlantic only slightly greater than today. However, evidence from multiple water-mass tracers supports a different distribution of deep-water properties, including density, which is dynamically linked to circulation.  相似文献